410 Business Studies courses in Cardiff delivered Online

Enrolling in a Global Business Strategies course is crucial in today's interconnected world. This course provides comprehensive insights into key business concepts such as international market analysis, global marketing strategies, and global supply chain management. Understanding these elements is vital as businesses expand globally, requiring adept financial management and human resource management across diverse markets. This knowledge not only enhances your professional career by making you a valuable asset in navigating globalisation but also increases daily life acumen by fostering a broader perspective on business dynamics. Learning these skills opens numerous job opportunities in the UK, where companies value expertise in global business operations. On average, professionals with this knowledge earn between £40,000 and £60,000 annually, reflecting the demand for skilled individuals in this field. The sector is experiencing robust growth, with global business roles expected to increase by 8% to 12% over the next decade. This course offers a strategic advantage, positioning you at the forefront of global business trends and equipping you with the tools to succeed in an ever-evolving market. Key Features: CPD Certified Global Business Strategies Course Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access Course Curriculum Module 01: Globalisation and Business Expansion Module 02: International Market Analysis Module 03: Global Marketing Strategies Module 04: Global Supply Chain Management Module 05: Financial Management in Global Business Module 06: Global Human Resource Management Module 07: Emerging Markets and Opportunities Learning Outcomes: Analyze global markets, devising strategies for international business expansion and sustainability. Implement effective global marketing strategies to penetrate diverse international markets successfully. Navigate and optimize global supply chains for efficiency and competitiveness. Demonstrate financial acumen by managing finances in the complex global business environment. Develop a global human resource management strategy to navigate cultural diversity. Identify and capitalize on emerging markets, unlocking opportunities for business growth. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Global Business Strategies course is accessible to anyone eager to learn more about this topic. Through this course, you'll gain a solid understanding of Global Business Strategies. Moreover, this course is ideal for: Professionals aspiring to lead global business expansions and operations. Entrepreneurs aiming to scale their ventures on an international level. Marketing executives seeking to master global market penetration techniques. Supply chain professionals desiring expertise in global logistics and management. Financial analysts interested in the intricacies of global financial management. Requirements There are no requirements needed to enrol into this Global Business Strategies course. We welcome individuals from all backgrounds and levels of experience to enrol into this Global Business Strategies course. Career path After finishing this Global Business Strategies course you will have multiple job opportunities waiting for you. Some of the following Job sectors of Global Business are: International Business Manager - £50K to 80K/year. Global Marketing Director - £70K to 120K/year. Supply Chain Manager - £40K to 65K/year. Financial Analyst (Global Focus) - £35K to 55K/year Global HR Manager - £45K to 75K/year Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

The administration and management of business generally involve the performance of business operations and appropriate decision making, leading the people of the organization and other requisite resources to achieve the organizational goals. The Business Administration and Management course focuses on giving you the relevant knowledge and information about management, its properties, characteristics, laws, and principles. You will also learn about the components of the business, and understand the importance of decision making and leadership skills. Additionally, learn the basics of payroll and how to handle it efficiently throughout the course. Who is this Course for? Business Administration and Management is perfect for anyone trying to learn potential professional skills. As there is no experience and qualification required for this course, it is available for all students from any academic background. Entry Requirement: This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. Learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. CPD Certificate from Course Gate  At the successful completion of the course, you can obtain your CPD certificate from us. You can order the PDF certificate for £9 and the hard copy for £15. Also, you can order both PDF and hardcopy certificates for £22. Career path This course opens a new door for you to enter the relevant job market and also gives you the opportunity to acquire extensive knowledge along with required skills to become successful. You will be able to add our qualification to your CV/resume which will help you to stand out in the competitive job industry. Course Curriculum Business Administration What is Business Administration? 00:30:00 Business and Organisations 00:15:00 Management of Business 00:30:00 Business Organization Perspectives 00:30:00 Decision Making 00:30:00 Approaches to Leadership 00:30:00 Management Management 00:30:00 Definition of Management 00:30:00 Characteristics of Management 00:30:00 Management Functions/Process of Management 00:30:00 Nature of Management 00:30:00 Levels of Management 00:30:00 Characteristics of Professional Managers 00:30:00 Principles of Management 00:30:00 Managing Payroll What Is Payroll? 00:30:00 Principles Of Payroll Systems 01:00:00 Confidentiality And Security Of Information 00:30:00 Effective Payroll Processing 01:00:00 Increasing Payroll Efficiency 01:00:00 Risk Management in Payroll 00:30:00 Time Management 00:30:00 Personnel Filing 00:30:00 When Workers Leave Employment 01:00:00 Hiring Employees 00:30:00 Paye and Payroll for Employers 01:00:00 Tell HMRC about a New Employee 01:00:00 Net And Gross Pay 00:30:00 Statutory Sick Pay 00:30:00 Minimum Wage for Different types of Work 01:00:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam- Business Administration and Management 00:30:00 Final Exam Final Exam- Business Administration and Management 00:30:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates or Transcripts 00:00:00

Overview Learn the secrets to delivering excellent customer service and gain an insight into how the retail industry works, with the Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies! This course is perfect for anyone looking to establish a successful career in the retail sector. It covers fundamental retail operations, retail etiquettes and best practices, ideal for those who are new to the industry. Ensure your career gets off to a great start with the proper training you need to excel in any retail environment and gain a recognised qualification from the comfort of your own home! Why buy this Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies? Unlimited access to the course for forever Digital Certificate, Transcript, student ID all included in the price Absolutely no hidden fees Directly receive CPD accredited qualifications after course completion Receive one to one assistance on every weekday from professionals Immediately receive the PDF certificate after passing Receive the original copies of your certificate and transcript on the next working day Easily learn the skills and knowledge from the comfort of your home Certification After studying the course materials of the Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies you will be able to take the MCQ test that will assess your knowledge. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £5.99. Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £9.60. Who is this course for? This Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.  Prerequisites This Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Career path As this course comes with multiple courses included as bonus, you will be able to pursue multiple occupations. This Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies is a great way for you to gain multiple skills from the comfort of your home. Course Curriculum Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies Module 01 Introduction to Retail Management 00:30:00 Handling Merchandise in Retail Management 00:30:00 Structure of Your Business 01:00:00 The Sales Process and Checkout 00:30:00 POS (Point of Sale) Retail System 00:15:00 Module 02 Importance of Consumer Behaviour 00:30:00 Importance of Communication in Retail Industry 00:15:00 Effective Inventory Management 01:00:00 Choosing a Retail Store Location 00:30:00 Retail Psychology 00:30:00 Manage Your Suppliers 00:30:00 Negotiate The Right Deal With Suppliers 00:30:00 Module 03 Develop Store Security Procedures 00:15:00 Management Skills For Leading Your Team 00:15:00 Retail Marketing 00:15:00 Role of Coupons in Retail Marketing 00:15:00 Retail Brand Management 00:15:00 Health And Safety Obligations For Retailers 00:15:00 Consumer Rights Act 00:30:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam - Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam - Understanding Retail and Operations Management Strategies 00:20:00

Overview Become a crucial part of a business's success and learn how to make your skills sought-after in the marketplace. This course provides the required training needed to transform yourself into a versatile Business Analyst who can boost an organisation's productivity. The Applied Business Analysis Diploma course has been written with the help of industry professionals to help you understand how change and strategic planning can elevate the potential of a struggling business. You will soon become comfortable with the concepts of vision, design, modelling, execution, and monitoring when guiding an organisation to succeed in its chosen field and market. Enrol and improve today. How will I get my certificate? You may have to take a quiz or a written test online during or after the course. After successfully completing the course, you will be eligible for the certificate. Who is this course for? There is no experience or previous qualifications required for enrolment on this Applied Business Analysis Diploma. It is available to all students, of all academic backgrounds. Requirements Our Applied Business Analysis Diploma is fully compatible with PC's, Mac's, Laptop, Tablet and Smartphone devices. This course has been designed to be fully compatible on tablets and smartphones so you can access your course on wifi, 3G or 4G.There is no time limit for completing this course, it can be studied in your own time at your own pace. Career path Having these various qualifications will increase the value in your CV and open you up to multiple sectors such as Business & Management , Admin, Accountancy & Finance, Secretarial & PA, Teaching & Mentoring etc. Course Curriculum 10 sections • 9 lectures • 04:30:00 total length •Introduction to Business Analysis: 00:14:00 •Business Processes: 00:47:00 •Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring: 00:30:00 •Strategic Analysis and Product Scope: 00:28:00 •Solution Evaluation: 00:27:00 •Investigation Techniques: 00:48:00 •Ratio Analysis: 00:29:00 •Documenting and Managing Requirements: 00:31:00 •Career Prospect as a Business Analyst in the UK: 00:16:00

Are you ready to delve into the world of economics and understand the forces that shape our society? Our Economics Level 3 Studies course is designed to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of economic principles, theories, and real-world applications. Whether you're aiming for a career in finance, business, or public policy, this course will equip you with the knowledge and skills you need to succeed. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Economics Level 3 course, learners will explore the basics of economics, understanding how markets work and how prices are set. They will learn about supply and demand, and how different factors can affect prices. The course covers production costs and the differences between various market structures, such as perfect competition and monopoly. Students will study key economic indicators like GDP, unemployment, and inflation, and how these measures affect the economy. Additionally, the course addresses income distribution, poverty, and market failures. Learners will delve into fiscal policies, the role of money and banking, and the workings of the financial system. Finally, the course explores international finance, helping students understand global economic interactions. Overall, the course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how economic principles and policies shape the world around us. Course Curriculum Module 01: An Introduction to Economics Module 02: The Market System and the Circular Flow Model Module 03: Supply, Demand and Prices Module 04: Elasticity Module 05: Production and Costs Module 06: Market Structure Perfect Competition vs Monopoly Module 07: Measuring GDP and Economic Growth Module 08: Unemployment Module 09: Inflation Module 10: Prices Module 11: Income Distribution and Poverty Module 12: Market Failures Module 13: Fiscal Policy Module 14: Money, Banking and the Financial System Module 15: International Finance Learning Outcomes: Understand basic principles and theories introduced in Economics Level 3 Studies. Analyse the market system using the Circular Flow Model. Evaluate the effects of supply, demand, and prices on markets. Assess elasticity's impact on consumer and producer behaviour. Compare costs in different production stages and market structures. Examine GDP, economic growth, unemployment, and inflation measures. Investigate fiscal policy and the role of money and banking. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Students interested in economic theory and applications. Individuals aiming to understand market dynamics. Learners curious about economic growth and policy. People wanting insight into financial systems. Those exploring income distribution and poverty issues. Career path Economic Analyst Financial Advisor Market Researcher Policy Analyst Banking Consultant International Trade Specialist Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Overview Ever wondered how legal circumstances impact our business world? This detailed Business Law course will help you learn the complex relationship between legal requirements and successful business practices.The skills you need for achievement are provided by this course. Learn about the fundamentals of contract law, intellectual property, company formations, and more.But wait-there's more! After successfully completing the course, you will receive an accredited certification, which will be an asset to your career. This qualification will help you open doors and advance in your career.Don't let legal complexities hold you back. This course will help you become a confident and informed business professional. Enrol today and take the first step towards achieving your greatest potential! How will I get my certificate? A written test or an online quiz could be required of you when the course is over. You are eligible to receive a well-earned certificate if you complete the course successfully! Who is this course for? There is no experience or previous qualifications required for enrolment in this Business Law. It is available to all students, of all academic backgrounds. Requirements Compatible with a wide range of gadgets, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, Macs, and PCs. Particularly designed to be easily accessed with an internet connection on tablets and smartphones. No strict deadlines; learn whenever it's convenient for you. Individuals with basic English proficiency. Career path After completing this course, it will increase the value of your CV and open you up to multiple sectors, such as : Corporate Lawyer - £40,000 to £100,000 Legal Consultant - £35,000 to £80,000 Compliance Officer - £30,000 to £60,000 Contract Specialist - £25,000 to £50,000 In-House Counsel - £45,000 to £90,000 These salary ranges can vary based on factors such as experience, location, and the specific industry of the business. Course Curriculum 14 sections • 14 lectures • 05:34:00 total length •Understanding Business Law: 00:20:00 •European Community Law: 00:20:00 •The Court System: 00:36:00 •Civil and Alternative Dispute Resolution: 00:22:00 •Contract & Business Law: 00:43:00 •Employment Law: 00:24:00 •Agency Law: 00:17:00 •Consumer Law and Protection: 00:26:00 •Law of Tort: 00:29:00 •Business Organisations: 00:27:00 •Company Law: 00:25:00 •Business Property: 00:23:00 •Competition Law: 00:22:00 •Assignment - Business Law: 00:00:00

Venture into the world of data interpretation with our illuminating 'Applied Statistics' course. In an era where every decision is data-driven, the art of statistics becomes an indispensable tool. This course masterfully unfolds the complexities of statistical analysis, from the basics to advanced methodologies. Whether it's understanding central tendencies, charting out data, or avoiding common pitfalls, we've got it all covered. Set yourself on a path to make informed decisions and discern patterns like never before. Learning Outcomes Understand the core concepts and fundamentals of statistics. Master methods of measuring central tendencies and dispersion in datasets. Dive deep into correlation, regression, and hypothesis testing techniques. Attain proficiency in data visualisation using charts and graphs. Identify and rectify ten prevalent statistical mistakes. Why choose this Applied Statistics course? Unlimited access to the course for a lifetime. Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by the CPD Quality Standards after completing this course. Structured lesson planning in line with industry standards. Immerse yourself in innovative and captivating course materials and activities. Assessments are designed to evaluate advanced cognitive abilities and skill proficiency. Flexibility to complete the Applied Statistics Course at your own pace, on your own schedule. Receive full tutor support throughout the week, from Monday to Friday, to enhance your learning experience. Who is this Applied Statistics course for? Students embarking on a journey in data science or related fields. Business analysts seeking to enhance their data interpretation skills. Researchers keen to strengthen their statistical analysis techniques. Professionals in various industries aiming to make data-backed decisions. Educators looking to teach statistical methods more effectively. Career path Data Analyst - £25,000 - £40,000 Statistical Consultant - £30,000 - £50,000 Research Scientist (Statistics) - £35,000 - £55,000 Econometrician - £40,000 - £60,000 Quantitative Analyst - £45,000 - £70,000 Biostatistician - £30,000 - £50,000 Prerequisites This Applied Statistics does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.This Applied Statistics was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Certification After studying the course materials, there will be a written assignment test which you can take at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £4.99 Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £8. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Statistics Introduction to Statistics 00:18:00 Module 02: Measuring Central Tendency Measuring Central Tendency 00:18:00 Module 03: Measures of Dispersion Measures of Dispersion 00:11:00 Module 04: Correlation and Regression Analysis Correlation and Regression Analysis 00:35:00 Module 05: Probability Probability 00:16:00 Module 06: Sampling Sampling 00:11:00 Module 07: Charts and Graphs Charts and Graphs 00:21:00 Module 08: Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis Testing 00:25:00 Module 09: Ten Common Statistical Mistakes Ten Common Statistical Mistakes 00:30:00 Assignment Assignment - Applied Statistics 00:00:00

Unlock the complexities of modern political landscapes with our comprehensive course on Political Study. Delve into ideologies like Conservatism, Nationalism, Socialism, Liberalism, Ecologism, and Multiculturalism, gaining a deep understanding of their historical roots, contemporary relevance, and global impact. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Political Study course, learners will explore various aspects of government structures and political systems. They will gain an understanding of how political power is organized and distributed in both the UK and the US, including the roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. They will also learn about the influence of political parties, pressure groups, and electoral processes on shaping policies and decision-making. The course delves into democratic principles and mechanisms like elections and referendums, as well as the concepts of nationalism, multiculturalism, and feminism in modern societies. Learners will study different political ideologies such as conservatism, liberalism, socialism, anarchism, and ecologism, understanding their historical backgrounds and contemporary relevance. Additionally, the course covers important geopolitical issues like the European Union and the concept of devolution, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding political systems and ideologies globally. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Politics Module 02: Introduction to the British Constitution Module 03: The Constitutional Framework of US Government Module 04: The Executive Branch of Government Module 05: The Legislative Branch of Government (Congress) Module 06: The Judiciary Module 07: The Judicial Branch of Government Module 08: The Prime Minister and Cabinet Module 09: Political Parties Module 10: Pressure Groups Module 11: Elections and Referendums Module 12: The Electoral Process and Direct Democracy Module 13: Parliament Module 14: Comparative Approaches Module 15: Democracy and Participation Module 16: Nationalism Module 17: Multiculturalism Module 18: Feminism Module 19: Conservatism Module 20: Liberalism Module 21: Socialism Module 22: Anarchism Module 23: Ecologism Module 24: The European Union (EU) Module 25: Devolution Learning Outcomes: Understand British and US constitutional frameworks and political branches. Analyze roles of judiciary, prime minister, and political parties. Evaluate electoral processes, democracy, and direct democracy mechanisms. Compare ideologies like nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and ecologism critically. Discuss multiculturalism, feminism, conservatism, and their political implications. Examine EU policies and impacts of devolution on political systems. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Political science students seeking comprehensive political theory knowledge. Researchers interested in comparative political systems and ideologies. Professionals in public policy analysis and governmental advisory roles. Individuals preparing for civil service examinations and political consultancy. Educators focusing on political theory and constitutional law. Career path Political Analyst Policy Researcher Government Advisor Political Consultant Public Policy Officer Constitutional Law Expert Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Unlock the complexities of modern political landscapes with our comprehensive course on Political Study. Delve into ideologies like Conservatism, Nationalism, Socialism, Liberalism, Ecologism, and Multiculturalism, gaining a deep understanding of their historical roots, contemporary relevance, and global impact. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Political Study course, learners will explore various aspects of government structures and political systems. They will gain an understanding of how political power is organized and distributed in both the UK and the US, including the roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. They will also learn about the influence of political parties, pressure groups, and electoral processes on shaping policies and decision-making. The course delves into democratic principles and mechanisms like elections and referendums, as well as the concepts of nationalism, multiculturalism, and feminism in modern societies. Learners will study different political ideologies such as conservatism, liberalism, socialism, anarchism, and ecologism, understanding their historical backgrounds and contemporary relevance. Additionally, the course covers important geopolitical issues like the European Union and the concept of devolution, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding political systems and ideologies globally. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Politics Module 02: Introduction to the British Constitution Module 03: The Constitutional Framework of US Government Module 04: The Executive Branch of Government Module 05: The Legislative Branch of Government (Congress) Module 06: The Judiciary Module 07: The Judicial Branch of Government Module 08: The Prime Minister and Cabinet Module 09: Political Parties Module 10: Pressure Groups Module 11: Elections and Referendums Module 12: The Electoral Process and Direct Democracy Module 13: Parliament Module 14: Comparative Approaches Module 15: Democracy and Participation Module 16: Nationalism Module 17: Multiculturalism Module 18: Feminism Module 19: Conservatism Module 20: Liberalism Module 21: Socialism Module 22: Anarchism Module 23: Ecologism Module 24: The European Union (EU) Module 25: Devolution Learning Outcomes: Understand British and US constitutional frameworks and political branches. Analyze roles of judiciary, prime minister, and political parties. Evaluate electoral processes, democracy, and direct democracy mechanisms. Compare ideologies like nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and ecologism critically. Discuss multiculturalism, feminism, conservatism, and their political implications. Examine EU policies and impacts of devolution on political systems. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Political science students seeking comprehensive political theory knowledge. Researchers interested in comparative political systems and ideologies. Professionals in public policy analysis and governmental advisory roles. Individuals preparing for civil service examinations and political consultancy. Educators focusing on political theory and constitutional law. Career path Political Analyst Policy Researcher Government Advisor Political Consultant Public Policy Officer Constitutional Law Expert Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.

Unlock the complexities of modern political landscapes with our comprehensive course on Political Study. Delve into ideologies like Conservatism, Nationalism, Socialism, Liberalism, Ecologism, and Multiculturalism, gaining a deep understanding of their historical roots, contemporary relevance, and global impact. Key Features: CPD Certified Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access In this Political Study course, learners will explore various aspects of government structures and political systems. They will gain an understanding of how political power is organized and distributed in both the UK and the US, including the roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. They will also learn about the influence of political parties, pressure groups, and electoral processes on shaping policies and decision-making. The course delves into democratic principles and mechanisms like elections and referendums, as well as the concepts of nationalism, multiculturalism, and feminism in modern societies. Learners will study different political ideologies such as conservatism, liberalism, socialism, anarchism, and ecologism, understanding their historical backgrounds and contemporary relevance. Additionally, the course covers important geopolitical issues like the European Union and the concept of devolution, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding political systems and ideologies globally. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Politics Module 02: Introduction to the British Constitution Module 03: The Constitutional Framework of US Government Module 04: The Executive Branch of Government Module 05: The Legislative Branch of Government (Congress) Module 06: The Judiciary Module 07: The Judicial Branch of Government Module 08: The Prime Minister and Cabinet Module 09: Political Parties Module 10: Pressure Groups Module 11: Elections and Referendums Module 12: The Electoral Process and Direct Democracy Module 13: Parliament Module 14: Comparative Approaches Module 15: Democracy and Participation Module 16: Nationalism Module 17: Multiculturalism Module 18: Feminism Module 19: Conservatism Module 20: Liberalism Module 21: Socialism Module 22: Anarchism Module 23: Ecologism Module 24: The European Union (EU) Module 25: Devolution Learning Outcomes: Understand British and US constitutional frameworks and political branches. Analyze roles of judiciary, prime minister, and political parties. Evaluate electoral processes, democracy, and direct democracy mechanisms. Compare ideologies like nationalism, liberalism, socialism, and ecologism critically. Discuss multiculturalism, feminism, conservatism, and their political implications. Examine EU policies and impacts of devolution on political systems. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Political science students seeking comprehensive political theory knowledge. Researchers interested in comparative political systems and ideologies. Professionals in public policy analysis and governmental advisory roles. Individuals preparing for civil service examinations and political consultancy. Educators focusing on political theory and constitutional law. Career path Political Analyst Policy Researcher Government Advisor Political Consultant Public Policy Officer Constitutional Law Expert Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.