451 Algorithm courses in Sheffield delivered Online

This course shows you how to apply various approaches and algorithms to solve business problems through AI and ML, follow a methodical workflow to develop sound solutions, use open-source, off-the-shelf tools to develop, test, and deploy those solutions, and ensure that they protect the privacy of users. This course includes hands-on activities for each topic area.

Definitive VPNs training course description A hands on course covering VPNs from the basics of benefits and Internet vs. Intranet VPNs through to detailed analysis of the technologies involved in VPNs. All the major VPN protocols are covered including PPPoE, L2TP, SSL, IPsec and dynamic VPNs. MPLS L3 VPNs are also covered. What will you learn Describe what a VPN is and explain the difference between different VPN types. Recognise the design and implementation issues involved in implementing a VPN. Explain how the various technologies involved in a VPN work. Describe and implement: L2TP, IPsec, SSL, MPLS L3 VPNs. Evaluate VPN technologies. Definitive VPNs training course details Who will benefit: Network personnel. Prerequisites: IP Security foundation for engineers. Duration 3 days Definitive VPNs training course contents VPN overview What is a VPN? What is an IP VPN? VPNs vs. Private Data Networks, Internet VPNs, Intranet VPNs, Remote access VPNs, Site to site VPNs, VPN benefits and disadvantages. VPN Tunnelling VPN components, VPN tunnels, tunnel sources, tunnel end points, hardware based VPNs, Firewall based VPNs, software based VPNs, tunnelling topologies, tunnelling protocols, which tunnelling protocol should you use? requirements of tunnels. VPN security components Critical VPN security requirements, Encryption and authentication, Diffie Hellman, DES, 3DES, RSA, PKI, Ca server types, pre shared keys versus certificates, Enrolling with a CA, RADIUS in VPNs. PPP Encapsulation, operation, authentication. Hands on Setting up PPPoE and analysing PPP packets. PPTP Overview, Components, How it works, control and data connections, GRE. Hands on Building a PPTP VPN. L2TP Overview, components, how it works, security, packet authentication, L2TP/IPSec, L2TP/PPP, Layer 2 versus layer 3 tunnelling. Hands on Implementing a L2TP tunnel. IPSec AH, HMAC, ESP, transport and tunnel modes, Security Association, use of encryption and authentication algorithms, manual vs automated key exchange, NAT and other issues. Hands on Implementing an IPSec VPN. Intranet VPNs Headers, architecture, label switching, LDP, MPLS VPNs. VPN products and services PE and CPE, management, various VPN products. VPN issues and architectures VPN architectures: terminate VPN before/on/ after/in parallel with firewall, resilience issues, VRRP, performance issues, QoS and VPNs. documentation.

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is designed for people who are seeking to launch a career in cybersecurity. Overview Assess the security posture of an enterprise environment and recommend and implement appropriate security solutions; Monitor and secure hybrid environments, including cloud, mobile, and IoT; Operate with an awareness of applicable laws and policies, including principles of governance, risk, and compliance; Identify, analyze, and respond to security events and incidents. CompTIA Security+ is a global certification that validates the baseline skills necessary to perform core security functions and is the first security certification a candidate should earn. CompTIA Security+ establishes the core knowledge required of any cybersecurity role and provides a springboard to intermediate-level cybersecurity jobs. Lesson 1: Summarize Fundamental Security Concepts Security Concepts Security Controls Lesson 2: Compare Threat Types Threat Actors Attack Surfaces Social Engineering Lesson 3: Explain Cryptographic Solutions Cryptographic Algorithms Public Key Infrastructure Cryptographic Solutions Lesson 4: Implement Identity and Access Management Authentication Authorization Identity Management Lesson 5: Secure Enterprise Network Architecture Enterprise Network Architecture Network Security Appliances Secure Communications Lesson 6: Secure Cloud Network Architecture Cloud Infrastructure Embedded Systems and Zero Trust Architecture Lesson 7: Explain Resiliency and Site Security Concepts Asset Management Redundancy Strategies Physical Security Lesson 8: Explain Vulnerability Management Device and OS Vulnerabilities Application and Cloud Vulnerabilities Vulnerability Identification Methods Vulnerability Analysis and Remediation Lesson 9: Evaluate Network Security Capabilities Network Security Baselines Network Security Capability Enhancement Lesson 10: Assess Endpoint Security Capabilities Implement Endpoint Security Mobile Device Hardening Lesson 11: Enhance Application Security Capabilities Application Protocol Security Baselines Cloud and Web Application Security Concepts Lesson 12: Explain Incident Response and Monitoring Concepts Incident Response Digital Forensics Data Sources Alerting and Monitoring Tools Lesson 13: Analyze Indicators of Malicious Activity Malware Attack Indicators Physical and Network Attack Indicators Application Attack Indicators Lesson 14: Summarize Security Governance Concepts Policies, Standards, and Procedures Change Management Automation and Orchestration Lesson 15: Explain Risk Management Processes Risk Management Processes and Concepts Vendor Management Concepts Audits and Assessments Lesson 16: Summarize Data Protection and Compliance Concepts Data Classification and Compliance Personnel Policies Additional course details: Nexus Humans CompTIA Security Plus Certification (Exam SY0-601) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the CompTIA Security Plus Certification (Exam SY0-601) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Firewalls training course description A technical hands on training course covering firewall technologies. This focuses on the whys and hows of firewall technology rather than looking at manufacturer specific issues. What will you learn Design secure firewall protected networks. Test firewalls. Evaluate firewalls Configure firewalls Firewalls training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff wanting to learn about Filrewalls including: Technical network staff. Technical security staff. Prerequisites: IP security foundation for engineers Duration 2 days Firewalls training course contents Firewall introduction Security review, what is a firewall? What do firewalls do? Firewall benefits, concepts. Hands on Configuring the network to be used in later labs, launching various attacks on a target. Firewall types Packet filtering, SPI, Proxy, Personal. Software firewalls, hardware firewalls, blade based firewalls, personal firewalls, which firewall should you use? Firewall products. Hands on Configuring a simple firewall. Packet filtering firewalls Things to filter in the IP header, stateless vs. stateful filtering. ACLs. Advantages of packet filtering. Hands on Configuring packet filtering firewalls. Stateful packet filtering Stateful algorithms, packet-by-packet inspection, application content filtering, tracks, special handling (fragments, IP options), sessions with TCP and UDP. Firewall hacking detection: SYN attacks, SSL, SSH interception. Hands on Stateful packet inspection firewalls. Proxy firewalls Circuit level, application level, SOCKS. Proxy firewall advantages and disadvantages. Hands on Proxy firewalls. Personal firewalls The role of personal firewalls, Windows XP, Zonealarm. Hands on Configuring a personal firewall. Firewall architectures Home based, small office, enterprise, service provider, what is a DMZ? DMZ architectures, bastion hosts, multi DMZ. Virtual firewalls, transparent firewalls. Dual firewall design, high availability, load balancing, VRRP. Hands on Resilient firewall architecture. Securing communications VPNs, IPsec. Firewall configuration of VPNs, integration of dedicated VPN devices and firewalls. Hands on IPSec VPN configuration. Testing firewalls Configuration checklist, testing procedure, monitoring firewalls, logging, syslog. Hands on Testing firewalls.

ITIL® 4 Specialist: High Velocity IT: In-House Training The ITIL® 4 Specialist: High-Velocity IT module is part of the Managing Professional stream for ITIL® 4. Candidates need to pass the related certification exam for working towards the Managing Professional (MP) designation. This course is based on the ITIL® 4 Specialist: High-Velocity IT exam specifications from AXELOS. With the help of ITIL® 4 concepts and terminology, exercises, and examples included in the course, candidates acquire the relevant knowledge required to pass the certification exam. This module addresses the specifics of digital transformation and helps organizations to evolve towards a convergence of business and technology, or to establish a new digital organization. It was designed to enable practitioners to explore the ways in which digital organizations and digital operating models function in high-velocity environments. Working practices such as Agile and Lean, and technical practices and technologies such as Cloud, Automation, and Automatic Testing are included. What You Will Learn At the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand concepts regarding the high-velocity nature of the digital enterprise, including the demand it places on IT. Understand the digital product lifecycle in terms of the ITIL operating model. Understand the importance of the ITIL guiding principles and other fundamental concepts for delivering high-velocity IT. Know how to contribute to achieving value with digital products. Course Introduction Let's Get to Know Each Other Course Learning Objectives Target Audience Characteristics ITIL® 4 Certification Scheme Course Components Course Agenda Module-End Exercises Exam Details Introduction to High-Velocity IT High-Velocity IT Digital Technology Digital Organizations Digital Transformation High-Velocity IT Approaches Relevance of High-Velocity IT Approaches High-Velocity IT Approaches in Detail High-Velocity IT Operating Models Introduction ITIL® Perspective High-Velocity IT Aspects High-Velocity IT Applications ITIL® Building Blocks for High-Velocity IT Digital Product Lifecycle Service Value Streams Four Dimensions of Service Management ITIL® Management Practices High-Velocity IT Culture Key Behavior Patterns ITIL® Guiding Principles Supporting Models and Concepts for Purpose Ethics Design Thinking Supporting Models and Concepts for People Reconstructing for Service Agility Safety Culture Stress Prevention Supporting Models and Concepts for Progress Working in Complex Environments Lean Culture ITIL® Continual Improvement Model High-Velocity IT Objectives and Techniques High-Velocity IT Objectives High-Velocity IT Techniques Techniques for Valuable Investments Prioritization Techniques Minimum Viable Products and Services Product / Service Ownership A/B Testing Techniques for Fast Developments Basic Concepts Related to Fast Development Infrastructure as Code Reviews Continual Business Analysis Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) Continuous Testing Kanban Techniques for Resilient Operations Introduction to Resilient Operations Technical Debt Chaos Engineering Definition of Done Version Control Algorithmic IT Operations ChatOps Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Techniques for Co-created Value Basic Concepts of Co-created Value Service Experience Techniques for Assured Conformance DevOps Audit Defense Toolkit DevSecOpsPeer Review

Machine Learning is reshaping industries faster than you can say "algorithm". Our Machine Learning with Python Course is built for those who are genuinely curious about how machines learn, make decisions, and improve with data. With Python as your trusty companion, you’ll explore the key concepts and core techniques behind predictive modelling, supervised and unsupervised learning, and data-driven algorithms—all explained in a clear and digestible manner. No fluff, no filler—just solid learning with a structured approach. You’ll journey through essential modules that guide you from the fundamentals of machine learning to building models that actually do something meaningful. Whether you're brushing up your CV or aiming to understand how systems like recommendation engines or fraud detection work, this course offers insight that clicks. Python’s role in the process isn’t treated as a side note—it's woven through each section so you're building knowledge that’s both relevant and up-to-date in today’s data-focused world. If you’re ready to treat your brain to some serious logic and clever code, then this course has your name written in Pythonic syntax. Learning Outcomes: Understand the fundamentals of machine learning. Manipulate data using Numpy and Pandas libraries. Build and evaluate machine learning models using Sklearn pipeline and column transformer. Explore the world of data analysis with Pandas DataFrame. Contribute to the development of cutting-edge technology in the field of machine learning. The Machine Learning with Python course is designed to provide you with the skills and knowledge needed to develop and evaluate machine learning models using Python. In this course, you'll learn how to manipulate data using Numpy and Pandas libraries, build and evaluate machine learning models using Sklearn pipeline and column transformer, and explore the world of data analysis with Pandas DataFrame. The course is perfect for aspiring data scientists, machine learning engineers, and developers interested in machine learning development. By the end of this course, you'll have a deep understanding of the fundamentals of machine learning and how to contribute to the development of cutting-edge technology in this exciting field. With hands-on experience in manipulating data and building and evaluating machine learning models, you'll be well-equipped to start a career in machine learning. Machine Learning with Python Course Course Curriculum Section 01: Introduction Section 02: Numpy Library Section 03: Matplotlib Section 04: Polynomial Regression How is the course assessed? Upon completing an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of __ GBP. £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Aspiring data scientists. Machine learning engineers. Developers interested in machine learning development. Anyone interested in the field of machine learning. Professionals looking to upskill in the latest technology. Career path Aspiring data scientists. Machine learning engineers. Developers interested in machine learning development. Anyone interested in the field of machine learning. Professionals looking to upskill in the latest technology. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - £9 You can apply for a CPD Accredited PDF Certificate at the cost of £9. Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - £15 Hard copy can be sent to you via post at the expense of £15.

ITIL® 4 Specialist: High Velocity IT: Virtual In-House Training The ITIL® 4 Specialist: High-Velocity IT module is part of the Managing Professional stream for ITIL® 4. Candidates need to pass the related certification exam for working towards the Managing Professional (MP) designation. This course is based on the ITIL® 4 Specialist: High-Velocity IT exam specifications from AXELOS. With the help of ITIL® 4 concepts and terminology, exercises, and examples included in the course, candidates acquire the relevant knowledge required to pass the certification exam. This module addresses the specifics of digital transformation and helps organizations to evolve towards a convergence of business and technology, or to establish a new digital organization. It was designed to enable practitioners to explore the ways in which digital organizations and digital operating models function in high-velocity environments. Working practices such as Agile and Lean, and technical practices and technologies such as Cloud, Automation, and Automatic Testing are included. What You Will Learn At the end of this course, participants will be able to: Understand concepts regarding the high-velocity nature of the digital enterprise, including the demand it places on IT. Understand the digital product lifecycle in terms of the ITIL operating model. Understand the importance of the ITIL guiding principles and other fundamental concepts for delivering high-velocity IT. Know how to contribute to achieving value with digital products. Course Introduction Let's Get to Know Each Other Course Learning Objectives Target Audience Characteristics ITIL® 4 Certification Scheme Course Components Course Agenda Module-End Exercises Exam Details Introduction to High-Velocity IT High-Velocity IT Digital Technology Digital Organizations Digital Transformation High-Velocity IT Approaches Relevance of High-Velocity IT Approaches High-Velocity IT Approaches in Detail High-Velocity IT Operating Models Introduction ITIL® Perspective High-Velocity IT Aspects High-Velocity IT Applications ITIL® Building Blocks for High-Velocity IT Digital Product Lifecycle Service Value Streams Four Dimensions of Service Management ITIL® Management Practices High-Velocity IT Culture Key Behavior Patterns ITIL® Guiding Principles Supporting Models and Concepts for Purpose Ethics Design Thinking Supporting Models and Concepts for People Reconstructing for Service Agility Safety Culture Stress Prevention Supporting Models and Concepts for Progress Working in Complex Environments Lean Culture ITIL® Continual Improvement Model High-Velocity IT Objectives and Techniques High-Velocity IT Objectives High-Velocity IT Techniques Techniques for Valuable Investments Prioritization Techniques Minimum Viable Products and Services Product / Service Ownership A/B Testing Techniques for Fast Developments Basic Concepts Related to Fast Development Infrastructure as Code Reviews Continual Business Analysis Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) Continuous Testing Kanban Techniques for Resilient Operations Introduction to Resilient Operations Technical Debt Chaos Engineering Definition of Done Version Control Algorithmic IT Operations ChatOps Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) Techniques for Co-created Value Basic Concepts of Co-created Value Service Experience Techniques for Assured Conformance DevOps Audit Defense Toolkit DevSecOpsPeer Review

Want to make scroll-stopping videos without a degree in film editing or hours spent scratching your head over complicated software? Say hello to CapCut. This crash course is designed for anyone who wants to sharpen their editing game using one of the most user-friendly video editing tools out there. Whether you’re putting together slick social media clips, reels that hit the algorithm sweet spot, or simply adding a bit of polish to your travel vlogs — this course walks you through the essentials and beyond, all from the comfort of your screen. We won’t drown you in jargon or waffle about editing theory. Instead, you’ll get a clear, structured approach to what really matters: how to use CapCut effectively. From trimming and transitions to text, filters and timing your beats to the music — it's all in here. With easy-to-follow guidance and a bit of creative flair, you’ll be piecing together videos like a seasoned editor. No fluff. Just clever editing made simple. Learning outcomes: Learn how to use the CapCut app to edit videos Master editing techniques such as adding music, sound effects, transitions, filters, and text Discover how to create engaging and professional videos using CapCut Understand the basics of video editing Enhance your video editing skills and productivity Our Editing on CapCut - A Crash Course is perfect for anyone who wants to learn how to create stunning videos using the popular video editing app, CapCut. This course covers everything from the basics of video editing to more advanced techniques such as adding music, sound effects, transitions, filters, and text to your videos. Our expert instructors will guide you every step of the way, ensuring that you have the skills and confidence needed to create engaging and professional videos. Editing on CapCut - A Crash Course Curriculum Lesson 01: Introduction Lesson 02: Layout of the Software Lesson 03: Cutting and Adding Overlays Lesson 04: Key Framing Lesson 05: Creating (Auto) Captions Lesson 06: Adding Music - SFX Lesson 07: Exporting Video Lesson 08: Advanced Editing Lesson 09: Final Words How is the course assessed? Upon completing an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of __ GBP. £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Content creators who want to learn how to edit their own videos Influencers who want to create more engaging content for their followers Beginners who want to learn the basics of video editing using CapCut Anyone who wants to enhance their video editing skills and productivity Professionals who want to expand their skill set and stay up-to-date with the latest video editing techniques Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path Content Creator Social Media Manager Video Editor Video Producer The salary range for these roles in the UK ranges from £20,000 to £40,000 per year. Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - £9 You can apply for a CPD Accredited PDF Certificate at the cost of £9. Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - £15 Hard copy can be sent to you via post at the expense of £15.

AI is no longer a distant concept—it’s here, it’s evolving fast, and Python is the language fuelling much of its momentum. Whether you’re curious about machine learning, neural networks, or automation, this course offers a sharp and structured approach to understanding artificial intelligence using Python. From foundational concepts to intelligent algorithm design, you'll gain a clear insight into how machines simulate thought and decision-making. Ideal for those who want to stay ahead of the tech curve, this course unpacks Python-based AI with clarity and a touch of dry charm. You won’t need to decipher jargon or get tangled in theory-heavy lectures. Instead, you’ll find logic, code, and clever explanations that speak to learners who value smart learning over flashiness. AI with Python might sound complex, but once you've seen it broken down our way, it’ll feel like you’ve learned to speak the language of the future. Learning Outcomes: Develop an understanding of the principles and practices of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Learn effective strategies for detecting patterns and natural language processing Develop analytical skills for creating AI models and programs Understand Python programming language and its applications in AI Be able to make informed decisions and navigate the complex and dynamic world of AI The "Learn AI with Python" course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practices that underpin successful AI programming. Through engaging modules and real-world case studies, learners will gain insights into the basics of AI, advanced techniques for detecting patterns and natural language processing, and effective strategies for creating AI models and programs using Python programming language. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions and navigate the complex and dynamic world of AI. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced programmer, this course is a must-have for anyone interested in the world of AI. Learn AI with Python Course Curriculum Section 01: Introduction Section 02: Class Imbalance and Grid Search Section 03: Adaboost Regressor Section 04: Detecting patterns with Unsupervised Learning Section 05: Affinity Propagation Model Section 06: Clustering Quality Section 07: Gaussian Mixture Model Section 08: Classifiers Section 09: Logic Programming Section 10: Heuristic Search Section 11: Natural Language Processing How is the course assessed? Upon completing an online module, you will immediately be given access to a specifically crafted MCQ test. For each test, the pass mark will be set to 60%. Exam & Retakes: It is to inform our learners that the initial exam for this online course is provided at no additional cost. In the event of needing a retake, a nominal fee of £9.99 will be applicable. Certification Upon successful completion of the assessment procedure, learners can obtain their certification by placing an order and remitting a fee of __ GBP. £9 for PDF Certificate and £15 for the Hardcopy Certificate within the UK ( An additional £10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery). CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Programmers looking to enhance their AI skills Business professionals interested in AI applications Computer science students interested in AI Entrepreneurs looking to incorporate AI into their products or services Anyone interested in gaining a comprehensive understanding of AI and its applications Requirements There are no formal entry requirements for the course, with enrollment open to anyone! Career path AI Programmer: £30,000 - £70,000 per year Data Scientist: £30,000 - £80,000 per year Machine Learning Engineer: £35,000 - £90,000 per year AI Researcher: £40,000 - £100,000 per year Software Developer: £25,000 - £70,000 per year Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - £9 You can apply for a CPD Accredited PDF Certificate at the cost of £9. Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - £15 Hard copy can be sent to you via post at the expense of £15.

IP security training course description Connection to the Internet is becoming an essential business tool. This course looks at firewalls, digital certificates, encryption and other essential topics for e-commerce sites. A generic course that looks at firewalls and VPNs. Hands on sessions include using hacking tools and configuring firewalls. What will you learn Describe: Basic security attacks RADIUS SSL IPSec VPNs Implement digital certificates Deploy firewalls to protect Web servers and users. Secure Web servers and clients. IP security training course details Who will benefit: Network administrators. Network operators. Security auditors Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 2 days IP security training course contents TCP/IP review Brief overview of the relevant headers. Hands on Download software for course, use analyser to capture passwords on the wire. Security review Policies, Types of security breach, denial of service, data manipulation, data theft, data destruction, security checklists, incident response. Security exploits The Internet worm, IP spoofing, SYN attack, hijacking, Ping o' Death… keeping up to date with new threats. Hands on Use a port scanning tool, use a 'hacking' tool. Firewalls Products, Packet filtering, DMZ, content filtering, stateful packet inspection, Proxies, firewall architectures, Intrusion Detection Systems, Viruses. Hands on Set up a firewall and prevent attacks. NAT NAT and PAT, Why use NAT, NAT-ALG, RSIP. Encryption Encryption keys, Encryption strengths, Secret key vs Public key, algorithms, systems, SSL, SSH, Public Key Infrastructures. Hands on Run a password-cracking program. Authentication Types of authentication, Securid, Biometrics, PGP, Digital certificates, X.509 v3, Certificate authorities, CRLs, PPP authentication, RADIUS. Hands on Using certificates. Web client and server security Cookies, browser certificates, censorship, PICS. Operating system security, Web server user authentication, Restricting access, Logging, Securing CGI scripts. Hands on Browser security. VPNs and IPSec What is a VPN, tunnelling, L2F, PPTP, L2TP, IPSec, AH, ESP, transport mode, tunnel mode.