1729 AI courses in Cardiff delivered Live Online

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is intended for entry-level computer support professionals with a basic knowledge of computer hardware, software, and operating systems who wish to increase their knowledge and understanding of networking concepts and acquire the required skills to prepare for a career in network support or administration, or who wish to prepare for the CompTIA Network+ certification. CompTIA Network+ is the first certification IT professionals specializing in network administration and support should earn. Network+ is aimed at IT professionals with job roles such as network administrator, network technician, network installer, help desk technician, and IT cable installer. This course is also designed for students who are seeking the CompTIA Network+ certification and who want to prepare for the CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Exam. Overview In this course, you will describe the major networking technologies and systems of modern networks and configure, manage, and troubleshoot modern networks. Explain the OSI and TCP/IP Models. Explain properties of network traffic. Install and configure switched networks. Configure IP networks. Install and configure routed networks. Configure and monitor ports and protocols. Explain network application and storage issues. Monitor and troubleshoot networks. Explain network attacks and mitigations. Install and configure security devices. Explain authentication and access controls. Deploy and troubleshoot cabling solutions. Implement and troubleshoot wireless technologies. Compare and contrast WAN technologies. Use remote access methods. Identify site policies and best practices. CompTIA's Network+ certification is a foundation-level certification designed for IT professionals with around one year of experience, whose job role is focused on network administration. The CompTIA Network+ exam will certify the successful candidate has the knowledge and skills required to troubleshoot, configure, and manage common network devices; establish basic network connectivity; understand and maintain network documentation; identify network limitations and weaknesses; and implement network security, standards, and protocols. The candidate will have a basic understanding of enterprise technologies, including cloud and virtualization technologies. The Official CompTIA© Network+© (Exam N10-008): will teach you the fundamental principles of installing, configuring, and troubleshooting network technologies and help you to progress a career in network administration. In this course, you will build on your existing user-level knowledge and experience with personal computer operating systems and networks to master the fundamental skills and concepts that you will need to use on the job in any type of networking career. Prerequisites CompTIA A+ Certification (Exams 220-1001 and 220-1002) 1 - Explaining the OSI and TCP/IP Models Topic A: Explain OSI Model Layers Topic B: Explain the TCP/IP Suite 2 - Explaining Properties of Network Traffic Topic A: Explain Media Types and Access Methods Topic B: Deploy Ethernet Standards Topic C: Configure and Monitor Network Interfaces 3 - Installing and Configuring Switched Networks Topic A: Install and Configure Hubs and Bridges Topic B: Install and Configure Switches Topic C: Compare and Contrast Network Topologies Topic D: Compare and Contrast Network Types 4 - Configuring IP Networks Topic A: Configure IPv4 Addressing Components Topic B: Test IP Interfaces with Command Line Tools Topic C: Configure IPv4 Subnets Topic D: Configure Private and Public IPv4 Addressing Schemes Topic E: Configure IPv6 Addressing Components Topic F: Configure DHCP Services 5 - Installing and Configuring Routed Networks Topic A: Explain Characteristics of Routing Topic B: Install and Configure Routers 6 - Configuring and Monitoring Ports and Protocols Topic A: Explain the Uses of Ports and Protocols Topic B: Use Port Scanners and Protocol Analyzers Topic C: Explain the Use of Name Resolution Services Topic D: Configure DNS and IPAM Services 7 - Explaining Network Application and Storage Services Topic A: Explain the Uses of Network Applications Topic B: Explain the Uses of Voice Services and Advanced Networking Devices Topic C: Explain the Uses of Virtualization and Network Storage Services Topic D: Summarize the Concepts of Cloud Services 8 - Monitoring and Troubleshooting Networks Topic A: Monitor Network Interfaces and Logs Topic B: Explain Network Troubleshooting Methodology Topic C: Troubleshoot Common Network Services Issues 9 - Explaining Networking Attacks and Mitigations Topic A: Summarize Common Networking Attacks Topic B: Explain the Characteristics of VLANs Topic C: Explain the Characteristics of NAT and Port Forwarding 10 - Installing and Configuring Security Devices Topic A: Install and Configure Firewalls and Proxies Topic B: Explain the Uses of IDS/IPS and UTM 11 - Explaining Authentication and Access Controls Topic A: Explain Authentication Controls and Attacks Topic B: Explain the Uses of Authentication Protocols and Directory Services Topic C: Explain the Uses of Port Security and NAC Topic D: Implement Network Device Hardening Topic E: Explain Patch Management and Vulnerability Scanning Processes 12 - Deploying and Troubleshooting Cabling Solutions Topic A: Deploy Structured Cabling Systems Topic B: Deploy Twisted Pair Cabling Solutions Topic C: Test and Troubleshoot Twisted Pair Cabling Solutions Topic D: Deploy Fiber Optic Cabling Solutions 13 - Implementing and Troubleshooting Wireless Technologies Topic A: Install and Configure Wireless Technologies Topic B: Troubleshoot Wireless Performance Issues Topic C: Secure and Troubleshoot Wireless Connectivity 14 - Comparing and Contrasting WAN Technologies Topic A: Compare and Contrast WAN Core Service Types Topic B: Compare and Contrast WAN Subscriber Service Types Topic C: Compare and Contrast WAN Framing Service Types Topic D: Compae and Contrast Wireless and IoT WAN Technologies 15 - Using Remote Access Methods Topic A: Use Remote Access VPNs Topic B: Use Remote Access Management Methods 16 - Identifying Site Policies and Best Practices Topic A: Manage Networks with Documentation and Diagrams Topic B: Summarize the Purposes of Physical Security Devices Topic C: Compare and Contrast Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Concepts Topic D: Identify Policies and Best Practices

  European Data Protection   Principles of Data Protection in Europe covers the essential pan-European and national data protection laws, as well as industry-standard best practices for corporate compliance with these laws. Those taking this course will gain an understanding of the European model for privacy enforcement, key privacy terminology and practical concepts concerning the protection of personal data and trans-border data flows.   The training is based on the body of knowledge for the IAPP's ANSI-accredited Certified Information Privacy Professional/Europe (CIPP/E) certification program. Privacy Programme Management   Principles of Privacy Management is the how-to training on implementing a privacy program framework, managing the privacy program operational lifecycle and structuring a knowledgeable, high-performing privacy team. Those taking this course will learn the skills to manage privacy in an organisation through process and technology-regardless of jurisdiction or industry.   The Principles of Privacy Program Management training is based on the body of knowledge for the IAPP's ANSI-accredited Certified Information Privacy Manager (CIPM) certification programme. Make a difference in your organization and in your career. The CIPM designation says that you're a leader in privacy program administration and that you've got the goods to establish, maintain and manage a privacy program across all stages of its lifecycle.  About This Course   Delivered in a modular format, this four day course covers   Days 1 & 2   Module 1: Data Protection Laws Introduces key European data protection laws and regulatory bodies, describing the evolution toward a Harmonised European Legislative Framework.  Module 2: Personal Data Defines and differentiates between types of data-including personal, anonymous, pseudo-anonymous and special categories.  Module 3: Controllers and Processors Describes the roles and relationships of controllers and processors.  Module 4: Processing Personal Data Defines data processing and GDPR processing principles, Explains the application of the GDPR and outlines the legitimate bases for processing personal data. Module 5: Information provision Explains controller obligations for providing information about data processing activities to data subjects and Supervisory Authorities.  Module 6: Data Subjects 'Rights Describes data subjects' rights, applications of rights and obligations controller and processor.  Module 7: Security or Processing Discusses considerations and duties of controllers and processors for Ensuring security of personal data and providing notification of data breaches.  Module 8: Accountability Investigates accountability requirements, data protection management systems, data protection impact assessments, privacy policies and the role of the data protection officer.  Module 9: International Data Transfers Outlines options and obligations for transferring data outside the European Economic Area, Decisions adequacy and appropriateness safeguards and derogations.  Module 10: Supervision and Enforcement Describes the role, powers and procedures or Supervisory Authorities; the composition and tasks of the European Data Protection Board; the role of the European Data Protection Supervisor; and remedies, liabilities and penalties for non-compliance.  Module 11: Compliance Discusses the applications of European data protection law, legal bases and compliance requirements for processing personal data in practice, employers-including processing employee data, surveillance, direct marketing, Internet technology and communications and outsourcing.    Days 3 & 4   Module 1: Introduction to privacy program management Identifies privacy program management responsibilities, and describes the role of accountability in privacy program management.  Module 2: Privacy governance Examines considerations for developing and implementing a privacy program, including the position of the privacy function within the organization, role of the DPO, program scope and charter, privacy strategy, support and ongoing involvement of key functions and privacy frameworks.  Module 3: Applicable laws and regulations Discusses the regulatory environment, common elements across jurisdictions and strategies for aligning compliance with organizational strategy.  Module 4: Data assessments Relates practical processes for creating and using data inventories/maps, gap analyses, privacy assessments, privacy impact assessments/data protection impact assessments and vendor assessments.  Module 5: Policies Describes common types of privacy-related policies, outlines components and offers strategies for implementation.  Module 6: Data subject rights Discusses operational considerations for communicating and ensuring data subject rights, including privacy notice, choice and consent, access and rectification, data portability, and erasure and the right to be forgotten.  Module 7: Training and awareness Outlines strategies for developing and implementing privacy training and awareness programs.  Module 8: Protecting personal information Examines a holistic approach to protecting personal information through privacy by design.  Module 9: Data breach incident plans Provides guidance on planning for and responding to a data security incident or breach.  Module 10: Measuring, monitoring and auditing program performance Relates common practices for monitoring, measuring, analyzing and auditing privacy program performance Prerequisites   There are no prerequisites for this course but attendees would benefit from a review of the materials on the IAPP SITE What's Included?   1 years membership of the IAPP Breakfast, Lunch, mid-morning and afternoon snacks, teas, coffees Official Study Guides* Official Participant Guides* Official Exam Q&A's* Both exam fees * In electronic format for Live Online and hard copy for Classroom delegates     Who Should Attend?   This course is suitable for aspiring Data Protection Officers, as well as Information Security Managers, Lawyers, Data Managers, Analysts and Risk Teams. Provided by Our Guarantee   We are an approved IAPP Training Partner. You can learn wherever and whenever you want with our robust classroom and interactive online training courses. Our courses are taught by qualified practitioners with a minimum of 25 years commercial experience. We strive to give our delegates the hands-on experience. Our courses are all-inclusive with no hidden extras.  The one-off cost covers the training, all course materials, and exam voucher. Our aim: To achieve a 100% first time pass rate on all our instructor-led courses. Our Promise: Pass first time or 'train' again for FREE. *FREE training offered for retakes - come back within a year and only pay for the exam.

Total GPRS training course description GPRS is a packet switched access mode for GSM systems, which will enable more efficient use of the radio resources leading to increased data speeds and capacity. It is an important migration step toward 3G networks. This course provides a detailed analysis of the workings and implications of GPRS. What will you learn Explain what GPRS is. Describe the GPRS protocol stack. Describe the GPRS architecture Total GPRS training course details Who will benefit: Anyone who needs to know more about GPRS. Prerequisites: Total GSM Duration 2 days Total GPRS training course contents GPRS network architecture Review of GSM architecture, the new network entities required for GPRS. How the existing GSM network entities needs to be upgraded. How GPRS roaming will work. How intra and inter PLMNs work together. How billing works in the GPRS network. IP over GPRS Brief review of IP, IP stack over GPRS, IP addressing in GPRS, DHCP, GPRS configuration for IP. IP packet flows. WAP and GPRS. GPRS interfaces Messaging scenarios used over the GPRS Gb, Gs and Gp Interfaces. How the handset performs a GPRS attach and detach. GPRS roaming and how it works. Links used between GPRS Roaming Exchanges (GRX). GPRS terminal attach message flow in the NSS, PDP context message flow in the NSS, GPRS paging message flow, GPRS terminal detach message flow. GPRS protocol stack The components of the protocol stack. How each component works. How encapsulated packets are sent. How each component links to the next component. GPRS air interface The new GPRS channels required. How the new channels work. How to map GPRS logical channels onto physical channels. How they enable session activation. The difference between master PDCHs and slave PDCHs. GPRS terminals The 3 classes of terminal available. How the handset performs a GPRS attach and detach.

3Com switches training course description A hands on course covering the product specifics of 3Com switches. Installation, configuration, maintenance and troubleshooting are all covered in a practical oriented way. What will you learn Install 3Com switches. Use the command line interface and the web based interface to manage 3Com switches. Configure and troubleshoot 3Com switches. Configure and troubleshoot 3Com switches. Perform software upgrades. 3Com switches training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with 3Com switches. Particularly aimed at engineers and technicians supporting 3Com switches. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days 3Com switches training course content Introduction How Ethernet works with hubs, How Ethernet works with switches. Installing 3Com switches. Hands on Building a network with a hub, building a network with a 3Com switch. Basic troubleshooting The 3Com switch range, LEDs, cabling issues, system resets, default settings. Hands on Building a network with multiple 3Com switches. Configuration methods Managed vs. unmanaged switches, Console port access, telnet, web based access, SNMP, saving configurations, NVRAM, switch stacks. Hands on Accessing the switch using the console, IP address configuration, telnet. Console interface Default users, passwords, the menus, menu options, online help, CLI commands. Hands on Setting passwords, displaying the switch configuration. Web based interface Getting started, basic format. Hands on Configuring the switch using the web interface. Port configuration Common port configuration tasks, port aggregation, resilient links. Hands on Configuring ports. STP configuration What is STP? Configuring STP. Hands on Enabling and disabling STP, configuring STP. VLAN configuration What are VLANS? 802.1Q, tagged/untagged, creating VLANS, applying VLANS. Hands on Setting up VLANS, setting up 802.1Q, Inter VLAN traffic. Housekeeping TFTP, software upgrades Hands on Software upgrade. SNMP SNMP configuration, Transcend, other NMS's. Hands on Using SNMP to manage a 3Com switch, putting it all together: troubleshooting.

D-Link switches training course description A hands on course covering the product specifics of D-Link switches. Installation, configuration, maintenance and troubleshooting are all covered in a practical oriented way. What will you learn Install D-Link switches. Use the command line interface and the web based interface to manage D-Link switches. Configure and troubleshoot D-Link switches. Perform software upgrades and maintain configurations using TFTP. D-Link switches training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with D-Link switches. Particularly aimed at engineers and technicians supporting D-Link switches. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days D-Link switches training course content Introduction How Ethernet works with hubs, How Ethernet works with switches. Installing D-link switches. Hands on Building a network with a hub, building a network with a D-Link switch. Basic troubleshooting The D-Link switch range, LEDs, cabling issues, factory resets, default settings. Hands on Building a network with multiple D-link switches. Configuration methods Managed vs. unmanaged switches, Console port access, telnet, web based access, SNMP, saving configurations, NVRAM, switch stacks. Hands on Accessing the switch using the CLI, IP address configuration, telnet. Command line interface Users, privileges, the CLI, online help. Hands on Basic commands, user accounts, displaying the switch configuration. Web based interface Getting started, basic format. Hands on Configuring the switch using the web interface. Port configuration Common port configuration tasks, link aggregation. Hands on Configuring ports. STP configuration What is STP? 802.1D vs. 802.1W (RSTP), configuring STP. Hands on Enabling and disabling STP, changing STP versions, configuring STP. VLAN configuration What are VLANS? 802.1Q, tagged/untagged, creating VLANS, applying VLANS. Hands on Setting up VLANS, setting up 802.1Q, Inter VLAN traffic. Housekeeping TFTP, upload download, updating firmware, updating configuration files, BOOTP/DHCP for IP addresses. Hands on Using TFTP to configure a D-Link switch. SNMP Switch configuration, D-View, other NMS's. Hands on Using SNMP to manage a D-link switch putting it all together: troubleshooting.

3G training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 3G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days 3G training course contents D3GPP specifications 3GPP standards body, Evolution path, Frequency and bandwidth, Conceptual model, UMTS general architecture, UTRAN architecture & radio access bearer. CDMA principles CDMA principle, Code characteristics, Code requirements. CDMA requirements Synchronization, Power control, Soft handover, Rake receiver, Antenna consideration, Multi-user detection. Radio interface protocol architecture Access stratum & non-access stratum, Overall protocol structure, Logical and transport channels, Physical channels, Protocol termination. Layer 2 Protocols Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol, Radio Link Control (RLC) Protocol, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocol, Radio Interface for Broadcast/Multicast Services. Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol RRC Architecture, RRC Protocol State, Broadcast of information, RRC connection management, Radio bearer management, RRC connection mobility functions, Power control, Ciphering and Integrity. Mobile procedures Mobility management states and transitions, UMTS identities, Procedures in Idle mode (location updates, cell selection/ re-selection), Circuit-switched call set-up, Packet-switched context activation and context preservation, Data transfer initialization, Soft-handover procedure. Introduction to HSPA The need for high speed data, Fast HARQ, Improved scheduling, Additional channels, Soft combining, HS-DSCH codes, Uplink HSPA vs downlink HSPA, Full HSPA, Use of MIMO, Enhanced CELL_FACH.

LTE optimization training course description This course gives delegates an understanding of the Key Performance Indicators used within the 3G LTE (4G) network environment. We investigate the 3GPP standards for KPIs (including TR 32.814, TS 32.410 & TS 32.455) these cover GERAN, UMTS & LTE environments. The course details the optimisation procedures and the use of Self optimisation, Selforganising & Self-healing equipment now being deployed across all releases of mobile networks. What will you learn Explain the RF optimisation flowchart. Describe the importance of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). List many of the 3GPP recommended KPIs. Describe the concept of APN AMBR and UE AMBR within LTE. Describe the use of planning and optimisation computer tools. LTE optimization training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Essential LTE Duration 2 days LTE optimization training course contents Introduction to the cellular environment The architecture, 2G (GSM), GPRS/EDGE, The NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network), media gateway controller, 3GPP Rel99 the 3G introduction, HSPA deployments, 3G LTE (4G). Cellular network procedures GSM/GPRS call setup, GPRS data call setup, 3G UMTS data call setup, Data call (Voice over LTE) in LTE (using IMS), Circuit Switched Fall Back (CSFB) in LTE, IP packet session in LTE. Introduction to the standards The 3GPP specifications body, The numbering structure for KPIs, 2G KPIs, 3G/UMTS KPIs, 3G LTE KPIs, IMS KPIs. Introduction to the KPI definitions KPI definitions, accessibility KPIs, retainability KPIs, mobility KPIs, utilisation KPIs. In-depth overview of the air Interfaces GSM/GPRS FDMA & TDMA solution, 3G UMTS WCDMA solution, HSPA+ sharing spare power (Codes), The 3G LTE uplink & downlink interface explained, Initial attach procedures explained. Problem analysis Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), handover success rates, power adjustments, classification of coverage problems, weak coverage & coverage holes, lack of dominant cells, cross coverage, improper tilt settings, uplink/downlink imbalance, signal quality, Azimuths & tilts to reduce interference, Handover failure due to interference, Service drop causes. Mobile RF performance in 2G/3G Performance counters, KPIs, testing & measurement, Drive testing and survey, Data collection and post processing of data, LTE service optimization, bandwidth, poor coverage, Quality, optimization process, KPI optimization, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) applied to RF issues, optimization tools and software. Advanced LTE network planning & optimization LTE UE measurements (RSRP/RSRQ), LTE capacity planning, RF configuration parameters, LTE cell selection/reselection planning, LTE radio network KPIs, LTE user-centric KPIs, LTE network performance KPIs, LTE system utilization KPIs, LTE RF channel performance predictions, LTE channel information processing, LTE channel multiplexing, Physical layer and structure, MIMO in LTE, LTE resource plan LTE and Self-Organizing Networks (SON). Radio network optimization work flow Work flow, the existing network, Optimization team establishment and cluster division, Single site verification, Alarm check, Cell state check, Radio parameters check, Site verification, Statistics analysis, Coverage problem analysis. Mobile internet and QoS issues Cellular QoS reference models. How QoS impact on KPIs and measurements, Introduction to mobile internet, The concept of shared access technologies, Support for QoS in the WCDMA environment, The PDP context model, Supporting end-to-end QoS, EPS bearer concepts, Default EPS bearer, Dedicated EPS bearer, APN-AMBR, UE-AMBR.

About this Training Course The 3-day hands-on petroleum economics training course provides a comprehensive overview of the practices of exploration and development petroleum economics and its application in valuing oil and gas assets to aid corporate decisions. Participants will gain a thorough understanding of the principles of economic analysis as well as practical instruction in analytical techniques used in the industry. The participants will learn how to construct economic models, to include basic fiscal terms, production and cost profiles and project timing. The resulting model will provide insights of how the various inputs affect value. Example exercises will be used throughout the course. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to: Understand and construct petroleum industry cash flow projections Calculate, understand and know how to apply economic indicators Learn and apply risk analysis to exploration and production investments Evaluate and model fiscal/PSC terms of countries worldwide Target Audience The following oil & gas company personnel will benefit from the knowledge shared in this course: Geologists Explorationists Reservoir Engineers Project Accountants Contract Negotiators Financial Analysts New Venture Planners Economists Course Level Basic or Foundation Intermediate Trainer Your expert trainer has over 40 years' experience as a petroleum economist in the upstream oil and gas industry. He has presented over 230 oil and gas industry short courses worldwide on petroleum economics, risk, production sharing contracts (PSC) and fiscal analysis. In over 120 international oil industry consulting assignments, he has advised companies and governments in the Asia Pacific region on petroleum PSC and fiscal terms. He has prepared many independent valuations of petroleum properties and companies for acquisition and sale, as well as economics research reports on the oil and gas industry and including commercial support for oil field operations and investments worldwide. He has been involved in projects on petroleum royalties, design of petroleum fiscal terms, divestment of petroleum assets, and economic evaluation of assets and discoveries since the early 1990s to date. He has been working on training, consultancy, research and also advisory works in many countries including USA, UK, Denmark, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, India, Iran, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Brunei, Egypt, Libya, and South Africa. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

This course is aimed at those who would like to work as a learning support assistant in a school or further education setting. Level 3 Certificate in Supporting Teaching and Learning will give you an understanding of the skills and knowledge needed to support learners in the classroom.

LTE Architecture and Protocols course description This course provides a comprehensive tour of the LTE architecture along with services provided and the protocols used. What will you learn Describe the overall architecture of LTE. Explain the information flows through LTE. Describe the LTE security. Describe LTE mobility management. Recognise the next steps for LTE. LTE Architecture and Protocols course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with LTE. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Duration 3 days LTE Architecture and Protocols course contents Introduction History, LTE key features. The 4G ITU process. The LTE 3GPP specifications. Specifications. System Architecture LTE hardware architecture. UE architecture and capabilities. E-UTRAN and eNB. EPC, MME functions, SGW, PGW and PCRF. System interfaces and protocol stacks. Example information flows. Dedicated and default bearers. EMM, ECM, RRC state diagrams. Radio transmission and reception OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO antennas. Air interface protocol stack. Logical, transport and physical channels. Frame and slot structure, the resource grid. Resource element mapping of the physical channels and signals. Cell acquisition, data transmission and random access. MAC, RLC, PDCP protocols. LTE spectrum allocation. Power-on procedures Network and cell selection. RRC connection establishment. Attach procedure, including IP address allocation and default bearer activation. LTE detach procedure. Security in LTE networks LTE security features, identity confidentiality, ciphering and integrity protection. Architecture of network access security in LTE. Secure key hierarchy. Authentication and key agreement procedure. Security mode command procedure. Network domain security architecture. Security associations using IKE and IPSec. Mobility management RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED. Cell reselection, tracking area updates. Measurement reporting. X2 and S1 based handovers. Interoperation with UMTS, GSM and non-3GPP technologies such as cdma2000. QoS, policy control and charging QoS in LTE, EPS bearers, service data flows and packet flows. The architecture and signalling procedures for policy and charging control. Data transport using GPRS, differentiated services and MPLS. Offline and online charging in LTE. Delivery of voice and text messages over LTE Difficulties and solutions for Voice over LTE. Architecture and call setup procedures for circuit switched fallback. Architecture, protocols and call setup procedures in IP multimedia subsystem. Enhancements in release 9 LTE location services. Multimedia broadcast / multicast service and MBSFN. Cell selection, commercial mobile alert service. LTE Advanced and release 10 Impact of carrier aggregation on LTE air interface. Enhanced MIMO processing on uplink and downlink. Relaying. Release 11 and beyond. OAM and self organising networks Operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning for LTE. Self-configuration of base station parameters. Fractional frequency re-use, inter-cell interference co-ordination. Self-optimisation of base station procedures. Self-healing to detect and recover from faults.