Criminal Psychology is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Criminal Psychology and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 3 hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our website features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Be motivated and hard-working Over the age of 16. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Introduction Interventions to reduce risk of re-offending 00:07:00 History of development of Forensic Psychology 00:06:00 Research Methods in Forensic Psychology Research Design and Methodology 00:12:00 Critical evaluation of psychological research 00:09:00 Criminology What is Criminology? 00:10:00 Understanding Crime 00:10:00 Classification and Measurement of Crimes 00:10:00 Characteristics of Offenders (Criminals) 00:10:00 Theories of Offending Introduction to theories of offending 00:06:00 Theories of sexual offending 00:08:00 Theories of violent offending 00:08:00 Theories of fire-setting behaviour 00:08:00 Personal Attributes of Offenders Personal characteristics of offenders 00:06:00 Personality disordered offenders 00:06:00 Psychopathic offenders 00:07:00 Mental Illness and offending 00:07:00 Forensic Psychology in Police Investigations An Introduction to Offender Profiling 00:05:00 Approaches to Offender Profiling 00:05:00 The Effectiveness of Offender Profiling 00:06:00 Forensic Psychology in the Courtroom Eye-witness testimony 00:07:00 Expert witness testimony 00:04:00 Attitudes towards victims 00:06:00 Forensic Psychology in Practice 'What works' literature in reducing re-offending 00:06:00 Incident management (Crisis Negotiation) 00:08:00 Introduction: About the Course and the Tutor 00:03:00
Overview Courageous Communication Strategies for Lead Course is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Courageous Communication Strategies for Lead Course and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 05 Hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our website features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Be motivated and hard-working Over the age of 16. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Courageous Communication Strategies for Lead Module 1: Overview & Welcome 00:02:00 Module 2: Getting the Most out of This Class 00:02:00 Module 3: Moving from Control to Collaboration 00:04:00 Module 4: The 80|20 Ratio of Facilitating Team Discussion 00:04:00 Module 5: Leadership Roles to Balance Team Discussions 00:04:00 Module 6: The Secret to Effective Collaboration in Groups 00:03:00 Module 7: Balancing Top-Down & Bottom-Up Communication 00:04:00 Module 8: Using One-On-One Meetings for Upward Feedback 00:04:00 Module 9: Using Super Simple Surveys to Gather Intel 00:04:00 Module 10: Using Supervisors' Opinion Reports 00:03:00 Module 11: Moving from Secrecy to Transparency 00:04:00 Module 12: Using Stories to Communicate Transparently 00:04:00 Module 13: Offering Solutions for Hard to Discuss Problems 00:04:00 Module 14: How to Apologize & Lead by Example 00:03:00 Module 15: Moving from Impersonal to Engaging Interactions 00:04:00 Module 16: Creating a Larger In-Group around You 00:04:00 Module 17: Forming High-Quality Relationships 00:04:00 Module 18: Sparking More Engaging Interactions 00:04:00 Module 19: Pulling it All Together 00:01:00 Module 20: Closing Message 00:01:00 Assignment Assignment - Courageous Communication Strategies for Lead 00:00:00
Social Media Marketing Diploma is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Social Media Marketing Diploma and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 10 hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our website features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Be motivated and hard-working over the age of 16. Assessment The assessment is straightforward, you need to complete the assignment questions that will be provided to you at the end of the course, you can complete the assignment anytime you want. After you complete and submit your assignment, our tutors will assess your assignment and give you feedback if needed. After your assignment has been assessed and you have passed, you will be qualified and will be able to apply for a course completion certificate. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. The Rise of Social Media Marketing and Social Media 00:25:00 The Growth of Social Media 00:10:00 Conducting Market Analysis Conducting Market Analysis 00:16:00 Auditing Social Media Auditing Social Media 00:26:00 Setting Goals and Selecting Platforms Corporate Culture and Social Media 00:12:00 Social Media Goals vs. Business Goals 00:10:00 Types of Social Media Platforms 00:08:00 Creating the Social Media Policy The Social Media Policy 00:40:00 Creative Commons 00:21:00 Integrating Marketing Strategies Brand Marketing 00:27:00 Keyword Selection 00:17:00 Developing Effective Content Content Marketing on Social Media 00:26:00 Content Development 00:23:00 Understanding the Popular Platforms Understanding the Popular Platforms 03:35:00 Launching Successful Campaigns Traditional Website Advertising 00:37:00 Social Media Documentation and Schedules 00:29:00 Project Management Software 00:39:00
Overview Forgiveness Coaching and Therapy Training Course is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Forgiveness Coaching and Therapy Training Course and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 05 Hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our website features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Be motivated and hard-working Over the age of 16. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Module 1 - Introduction Program Overview 00:05:00 Module 2 - Forgiveness And Unconditional Love The Power Of Forgiveness 00:12:00 Different Aspects Of Love 00:12:00 Module 3 - Expanding Your Knowledge As A Instructor Improving Your Coaching Skills 00:08:00 True Story On The Power Of Forgiveness! 00:10:00 The Age Of Your Soul 00:16:00 The Universal Law Of Karma 00:20:00 Life After Death 00:30:00 Module 4 - Guided Meditation/Visualization For Forgiveness Instructions For Forgiveness Meditation 00:01:00 Guided Meditation On Forgiveness And Love 00:14:00 Module 5 - Energy Healing Therapy Energy Healing Therapy For Forgiveness (Important) 00:02:00 Explanation Of Energy Healing 00:07:00 Forgiveness Exercise Using Energy Healing 00:01:00 Module 6 - Distant Energy Healing The Power Of Distant Healing! 00:01:00 Distant Energy 00:04:00 Setting Up A Distant Healing Session 00:01:00 Module 7- Deep Breathing Proper Deep Breathing Technique 00:01:00 Deep Breathing 00:07:00 Module 8 - The Sacred Contract The Sacred Contract 00:10:00 Module 9 - Primal And Spiritual Instincts Becoming Aware Of Our Spiritual Instincts 00:01:00 Primal And Spiritual Instincts 00:07:00 Assignment Assignment - Forgiveness Coaching and Therapy Training 00:00:00
Overview Train the Trainer - Part 1 Course is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Train the Trainer - Part 1 Course and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 05 Hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our website features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Be motivated and hard-working Over the age of 16. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Introduction And Welcome Introduction to Trainer Bootcamp 00:12:00 What Makes a Great Trainer? 00:18:00 Make Them Feel Safe Before Class Make Them Feel Safe Before Class Introduction 00:05:00 Make Comfortable Small Talk - Part 1 00:17:00 Make Comfortable Small Talk - Part 2 00:20:00 Make Comfortable Small Talk - Activity Feedback 00:09:00 Make an Impressive First Impression 00:15:00 Give Last Minute Reminders - Part 1 00:19:00 Give Last Minute Reminders - Part 2 00:15:00 Start With An Amazing Opener Give Your Introduction - Part 1 00:18:00 Give Your Introduction - Part 2 00:20:00 Give Your Introduction - Part 3 00:04:00 Find Out About Them 00:18:00 Reveal the Takeaways 00:13:00 Set Boundaries and Expectations - Part 1 00:18:00 Set Boundaries and Expectations - Part 2 00:06:00 Give the Lesson Hook 00:07:00 Build Credibility And Rapport Qui Do an Oral Review - Part 1 00:17:00 Do an Oral Review - Part 2 00:04:00 Send Them to Break 00:04:00 Walk and Talk During Break 00:11:00 Bring Them Back From Break 00:13:00
Learning Disability Nursing is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Learning Disability Nursing and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 7 hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language numeracy and IT Desire for entrepreneurship over the age of 16. Assessment The assessment is straightforward, you need to complete the assignment questions that will be provided to you at the end of the course, you can complete the assignment anytime you want. After you complete and submit your assignment, our tutors will assess your assignment and give you feedback if needed. After your assignment has been assessed and you have passed, you will be qualified and will be able to apply for a course completion certificate. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Module 01: Learning Disability and Mental Health Learning Disability and Mental Health 00:41:00 Module 02: Learning Disability Nursing Learning Disability Nursing 00:32:00 Module 03: Psychosocial Interventions Psychosocial Interventions 00:35:00 Module 04: Psychodynamic Approaches Psychodynamic Approaches 00:25:00 Module 05: Learning Disability Nursing Throughout the Lifespan Learning Disability Nursing Throughout the Lifespan 01:00:00 Module 06: Role of the Learning Disability Nurse in Promoting Health and Well-Being Role of the Learning Disability Nurse in Promoting Health and Well-Being 00:56:00 Module 07: Care Planning in Mental Health Settings Care Planning in Mental Health Settings 00:29:00 Module 08: Nursing Models and Behavioural Interventions Nursing Models And Behavioural Interventions 00:39:00 Module 09: The Future of Learning Disability Nursing The Future of Learning Disability Nursing 00:38:00 Module 10: Future Spheres of Practice for Learning Disability Nursing Future Spheres of Practice for Learning Disability Nursing 00:25:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam - Learning Disability Nursing 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam - Learning Disability Nursing 00:20:00
***With this COVID-19 Awareness Course, get a Personal Hygiene Course completely FREE and prevent yourself from being infected by Coronavirus and other contagious diseases.*** COVID-19 Awareness Course is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this COVID-19 Awareness Course for Teachers and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 5 hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Numeracy and IT Desire for entrepreneurship Over the age of 16 Assessment The assessment is straightforward, you need to complete the assignment questions that will be provided to you at the end of the course, you can complete the assignment anytime you want. After you complete and submit your assignment, our tutors will assess your assignment and give you feedback if needed. After your assignment has been assessed and you have passed, you will be qualified and will be able to apply for a course completion certificate. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Module 01: Coronavirus: The Outbreak Coronavirus: The Outbreak 00:16:00 Module 02: Coronavirus Contamination Coronavirus Contamination 00:38:00 Module 03: The SARS - MERS Factors The SARS - MERS Factors 00:41:00 Module 04: The Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) 2020 Version of the SARS The Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) 2020 Version of the SARS 00:45:00 Module 05: Sources, Symptoms & Spreading of the Coronavirus Sources, Symptoms & Spreading of the Coronavirus 00:31:00 Module 06: The Vaccine, the Treatments and the Prevention of Nov Corona The Vaccine, the Treatments and the Prevention of Nov Corona 01:18:00 Module 07: Updates for UK Citizens Updates for UK Citizens 00:11:00 Module 08: Worldwide Up-to-Date Statistics of the Outbreak Worldwide Up-to-Date Statistics of the Outbreak 00:19:00
Understanding & Expanding Business for ESL Entrpreneurs is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Understanding & Expanding Business for ESL Entrpreneurs and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 1 hour studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Who Is This Course For This How to Become a Successful ESL Entrepreneur Abroad is for anyone who: Wants to enter a teaching profession abroad as an ESL Trainer/ESL Entrepreneur Just started a teaching role and wants to get better and wants to know about teaching ESL abroad Wants to add a qualification to their name To teach the future generation and build them up To gain leadership, presentation, and other valuable skill Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language numeracy and IT Desire for entrepreneurship over the age of 16. Assessment The assessment is straightforward, you need to complete the assignment questions that will be provided to you at the end of the course, you can complete the assignment anytime you want. After you complete and submit your assignment, our tutors will assess your assignment and give you feedback if needed. After your assignment has been assessed and you have passed, you will be qualified and will be able to apply for a course completion certificate. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training Successfully completing the MCQ exam of this course qualifies you for a CPD-accredited certificate from The Teachers Training. You will be eligible for both PDF copy and hard copy of the certificate to showcase your achievement however you wish. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £10.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificates for just £12.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Understanding & Expanding Business for ESL Entrpreneurs Analyzing the Business Model 00:15:00 Having an Efficient Business System 00:07:00 How to Launch on a Shoe String Budget 00:06:00 Finding Investors and Exiting the Business Bringing on Investors 00:06:00 Franchising 00:06:00 Having an Exit Strategy 00:11:00 Recruiting Teachers, Students and Staff Teacher Recruitment 00:06:00 Student Recruitment and Placement 00:08:00 Thinking Like an ESL Student 00:05:00 Thinking Like an ESL Teacher 00:06:00
***With this Fiction Writing Course course, get a Personal Hygiene Course completely FREE and prevent yourself from being infected by Coronavirus and other contagious diseases.*** Fiction Writing Course is yet another 'Teacher's Choice' course from Teachers Training for a complete understanding of the fundamental topics. You are also entitled to exclusive tutor support and a professional CPD-accredited certificate in addition to the special discounted price for a limited time. Just like all our courses, this Fiction Writing Course and its curriculum have also been designed by expert teachers so that teachers of tomorrow can learn from the best and equip themselves with all the necessary skills. Consisting of several modules, the course teaches you everything you need to succeed in this profession. The course can be studied part-time. You can become accredited within 7 hours studying at your own pace. Your qualification will be recognised and can be checked for validity on our dedicated website. Why Choose Teachers Training Some of our website features are: This is a dedicated website for teaching 24/7 tutor support Interactive Content Affordable price Courses accredited by the UK's top awarding bodies 100% online Flexible deadline Entry Requirements No formal entry requirements. You need to have: Passion for learning A good understanding of the English language Be motivated and hard-working Over the age of 16. Assessment The assessment is straightforward, you need to complete the assignment questions that will be provided to you at the end of the course, you can complete the assignment anytime you want. After you complete and submit your assignment, our tutors will assess your assignment and give you feedback if needed. After your assignment has been assessed and you have passed, you will be qualified and will be able to apply for a course completion certificate. Certification CPD Certification from The Teachers Training After you have successfully completed your assignment, you will be qualified to apply for a CPD Certification from The Teachers Training. The PDF certificate can be downloaded after you have completed your course. You can get your digital certificate (PDF) for £4.99 only Hard copy certificates are also available, and you can get one for only £8.99 You can get both PDF and Hard copy certificate for just £8.99! The certificate will add significant weight to your CV and will give you a competitive advantage when applying for jobs. Fiction Writing Course Module 1 Part 1 - Getting Ideas and How to Develop Them 00:30:00 Module 1 Part 2 - Inspiration and Finding The Time 00:30:00 Module 2 - What It Means To Be A Writer 00:30:00 Module 3 - Characters 00:30:00 Module 4 - Plotting and Story Construction 01:00:00 Module 5 - Theme, Templates & Outlining 00:30:00 Module 6 - Show Don't Tell 00:30:00 Module 7 - Punctuation, Grammar and some Basic Writing Rules 00:30:00 Module 8 - Scene Structure, Exposition and Story Rules 00:30:00 Module 9 - Chapter Structure, Vision and Focus 00:30:00 Module 10 - Fast Writing Without Fear or Censure 00:30:00 Module 11 - Editing, Re-writing & Polishing 00:30:00 Module 12 - Finishing, Submission & Publication 00:30:00 Resources Resources - Fiction Writing Course 00:00:00
Master essential personal hygiene practices with this comprehensive training. Learn key habits to maintain health and prevent the spread of illness in any environment.