3837 Courses

Are you ready to embark on an enlightening journey of wisdom with the Child Psychology bundle, and pave your way to an enriched personal and professional future? If so, then Step into a world of knowledge with our bundle - Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development. Delve into eight immersive CPD Accredited courses, each a standalone course: Course 1: Child Psychology Diploma Course 2: Child Development and Care Course 3: CBT for Children and Adults with Role Playing Course 4: Childhood Moral, Personality and Sexual Development in Young Children Course 5: Cognitive and Social Development at Early Childhood Course 6: Social and Emotional Development for Early Childhood Course 7: Creating Children's Room Course 8: Child Playwork Traverse the vast landscapes of theory, unlocking new dimensions of understanding at every turn. Let the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development bundle illuminate your path to wisdom. The Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development bundle offers a comprehensive exploration into a rich tapestry of vast knowledge across five carefully curated courses. The journey is designed to enhance your understanding and critical thinking skills. Each course within the bundle provides a deep-dive into complex theories, principles, and frameworks, allowing you to delve into the nuances of the subject matter at your own pace. In the framework of the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development package, you are bestowed with complimentary PDF certificates for all the courses included in this bundle, all without any additional charge. Adorn yourself with the Child Psychology bundle, empowering you to traverse your career trajectory or personal growth journey with self-assurance. Register today and ignite the spark of your professional advancement! So, don't wait further and join the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development community today and let your voyage of discovery begin! Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development Bundle, you will be able to: Attain a holistic understanding in the designated areas of study with the Child Psychology bundle. Establish robust bases across each course nestled within the Child Psychology bundle. Decipher intricate concepts through the articulate content of the Child Psychology bundle. Amplify your prowess in interpreting, scrutinising, and implementing theories. Procure the capacity to engage with the course material on an intellectual and profound level. Become proficient in the art of problem-solving across various disciplines. Stepping into the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development bundle is akin to entering a world overflowing with deep theoretical wisdom. Each course within this distinctive bundle is an individual journey, meticulously crafted to untangle the complex web of theories, principles, and frameworks. Learners are inspired to explore, question, and absorb, thus enhancing their understanding and honing their critical thinking skills. Each course invites a personal and profoundly enlightening interaction with knowledge. The Child Psychology bundle shines in its capacity to cater to a wide range of learning needs and lifestyles. It gives learners the freedom to learn at their own pace, forging a unique path of discovery. More than just an educational journey, the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development bundle fosters personal growth, enabling learners to skillfully navigate the complexities of the world. The Child Psychology bundle also illuminates the route to a rewarding career. The theoretical insight acquired through this bundle forms a strong foundation for various career opportunities, from academia and research to consultancy and programme management. The profound understanding fostered by the Child Psychology bundle allows learners to make meaningful contributions to their chosen fields. Embark on the Child Psychology journey and let knowledge guide you towards a brighter future. CPD 80 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Individuals keen on deepening their firm understanding in the respective fields. Students pursuing higher education looking for comprehensive theory modules. Professionals seeking to refresh or enhance their knowledge. Anyone with a thirst for knowledge and a passion for continuous learning. Requirements Without any formal requirements, you can delightfully enrol in this Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development Bundle. Career path Armed with the Child Psychology, Cognitive and Social Development bundle, your professional journey can reach new heights. The comprehensive theoretical knowledge from this bundle can unlock diverse career opportunities across several fields. Whether it's academic research, consultancy, or programme management, the Child Psychology bundle lays a solid groundwork. Certificates CPD Certificate Of Completion Digital certificate - Included 8 Digital Certificates Are Included With This Bundle CPD Quality Standard Hardcopy Certificate (FREE UK Delivery) Hard copy certificate - £9.99 Hardcopy Transcript: £9.99

Primitive reflexes are the foundation on which our entire nervous system is built! As we develop, our brain learns to integrate them, thus leading to more complex developmental stages. In developmental delays and disorders, as well as in brain injury, this process may be interrupted. Any Professional working with children or a parent interested in improving their child's care should know about these reflexes and how to integrate them. Join us on a full-day seminar with Dr. Omer Hirsh, a developmental disorders specialist, where we will learn what are primitive reflexes, what they look like, how to check for them, and when necessary - how to integrate them. This is the foundation. The seminar will include hands-on experience exercises and ways to integrate the primitive reflexes faster by introducing co-activation of the senses By the end of the seminar you will be able to: • Understand the cause of retained primitive reflexes • The importance of integrating primitive reflexes for normal brain development. • The connection between retained primitive reflexes and the maturation of different networks and paths in the brain. • Know how to test primitive reflexes correctly. • Avoid the traps many therapists fall into while testing for primitive reflexes. • Learn how to integrate primitive reflexes faster by co-activation. • Understand why in some circumstances primitive reflexes return (TBI, Trauma, Stroke) • Learn the correct exercises and how to motivate patients to do them at home. About the speaker: Dr. Omer Hirsh is a Doctor of Chiropractic, Developmental Disorders specialist, CSO and co-founder at eMazeLabs, Health and wellness entrepreneur, and Lecturer. Co-Founder & Clinical Director at Hopeful BrainIn his practice, he treats children with neurodevelopmental disorders. He earned his Fellowship in Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders with the International Board of Functional Neurology in 2018. Dr. Hirsh graduated as Valedictorian from Life Chiropractic College West in 2011 and has been taking postgraduate classes in Functional Neurology and Pediatrics since 2009. In 2014 Dr. Hirsh published his first translation to Hebrew of the very important book; “Disconnected Kids” written by Dr. Robert Melillo. Dr. Omer Hirsh has a great belief in helping children with learning disabilities and neurological problems.

Spiritual Hypnotherapy and regression techniques, delve into alternate dimensions of reality. Our goal is to assist clients in unlocking their spiritual potential, guiding them to uncover their unique calling and purpose. Through our workshop, participants will learn how to deepen their connection with their faith, fostering personal growth and development. Join us as we embark on a profound exploration of spirituality and self-discovery.

Embark on a fascinating journey into the world of psychology and unlock the secrets behind human behaviour, emotions, and cognition. With the "Developmental Psychology: How Children Become Adults" course, you'll gain valuable insights into the ever-evolving field of psychology, exploring various approaches and key concepts that shape our understanding of the human mind. As you dive deeper into developmental psychology, you'll discover the intricacies of child development, transforming your understanding of how children transition into adulthood. This comprehensive course is the perfect stepping stone for those interested in psychology, opening up many opportunities in a thriving industry. With 21 informative modules, you'll be immersed in the captivating world of psychological research, assessment, and ethics. Learning Outcomes: Grasp fundamental concepts in psychology and its different approaches. Understand biological and behavioural perspectives in psychology. Gain insights into child development and the process of becoming adults. Explore social psychology, emotions, and motivation in human behaviour. Delve into learning, thinking, intelligence, and atypical behaviours. Master research methods, assessments, and ethical considerations in psychological practice. Course Curriculum: Module 01: Learn the basics of psychology and its historical development. Module 02: Explore various psychological perspectives and theories. Module 03: Understand the role of biological processes in human behaviour. Module 04: Examine the principles and theories of behavioural psychology. Module 05: Discover the stages and processes of child development. Module 06: Social Psychology - Investigate social influences on human behaviour and cognition. Module 07: Study the psychological aspects of emotions and their impact. Module 08: Analyse the driving forces behind human actions. Module 09: Learn coping strategies and stress management techniques. Module 10: Explore the various components of personality. Module 11: Examine the cognitive processes involved in perception, sensation, and attraction. Module 12: Investigate the principles and theories of learning. Module 13: Delve into the cognitive processes involved in thinking and problem-solving. Module 14: Study the nature and measurement of intelligence. Module 15: Analyse atypical behaviours and their psychological underpinnings. Module 16: Understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment of mood disorders. Module 17: Examine the psychological aspects of eating disorders and their treatment. Module 18: Investigate the characteristics and treatment of various personality disorders. Module 19: Learn the fundamental research methods used in psychology. Module 20: Study the tools and techniques for psychological assessment. Module 21: Explore the ethical considerations in psychological practice. Certification Upon completion of the course, learners can obtain a certificate as proof of their achievement. You can receive a £4.99 PDF Certificate sent via email, a £9.99 Printed Hardcopy Certificate for delivery in the UK, or a £19.99 Printed Hardcopy Certificate for international delivery. Each option depends on individual preferences and locations. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This course is designed for individuals passionate about understanding human behaviour and the psychological processes underpinning it. Whether you seek a career in psychology, mental health, or education or have a personal interest in the subject, this comprehensive course offers a solid foundation in developmental psychology and related areas. With its in-depth exploration of various psychological concepts, theories, and research methods, the course caters to beginners and those looking to deepen their existing knowledge. Career path Mental Health Nurse - £24,000/year. Educational Psychologist - £35,000 to £50,000/year. Mental Health Counsellor - £23,000 to £35,000/year. Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist - £30,000 to £45,000/year. Social Worker - £25,000 to £40,000/year.

Dive deep into the intricate world of mental health with the comprehensive course on 'Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders'. This curriculum paves a pathway to understanding the human psyche, shedding light on various disorders that span from childhood to adulthood. From the complexity of schizophrenia and mood disorders to the sensitive topics of self-harm and suicide, each module unfolds vital knowledge that's essential in today's rapidly evolving world. As you progress, gain insights into the societal perspectives on mental illnesses, the current legislative framework, and the nuances of fostering mental well-being in the workplace. Learning Outcomes Develop a foundational understanding of various mental health disorders and their characteristics. Recognise and differentiate between diverse psychiatric disorders spanning from childhood to adulthood. Understand the importance and application of medication and therapeutic interventions for mental illnesses. Gain knowledge on the societal perspectives regarding mental health and the existing legislative framework. Acquire skills to identify and address mental health challenges in professional environments. Why choose this Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders course? Unlimited access to the course for a lifetime. Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by the CPD Quality Standards after completing this course. Structured lesson planning in line with industry standards. Immerse yourself in innovative and captivating course materials and activities. Assessments are designed to evaluate advanced cognitive abilities and skill proficiency. Flexibility to complete the Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders Course at your own pace, on your own schedule. Receive full tutor support throughout the week, from Monday to Friday, to enhance your learning experience. Who is this Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders course for? Aspiring psychologists or psychiatrists aiming to deepen their knowledge. Mental health professionals seeking to update their expertise. HR professionals keen on promoting mental well-being in the workplace. Individuals with a personal interest in understanding mental health intricacies. Advocates and activists working towards mental health awareness. Career path Clinical Psychologist: £40,000 - £85,000 Mental Health Counsellor: £23,000 - £40,000 Psychiatric Nurse: £24,000 - £48,000 Mental Health Support Worker: £18,000 - £28,000 Psychotherapist: £26,000 - £47,000 Mental Health Advocate: £20,000 - £35,000 \ Prerequisites This Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.This Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Certification After studying the course materials, there will be a written assignment test which you can take at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £4.99 Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £8. Course Curriculum Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders Introduction to Mental Health 00:17:00 Childhood And Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders 00:24:00 Stress and Anxiety Disorders 00:32:00 Schizophrenia 00:25:00 Personality Disorders 00:40:00 Mood Disorders 00:18:00 Eating and Sleeping Disorders 00:43:00 Self-Harm and Suicide 00:17:00 Medication and Therapy in the Treatment of Mental Illness 00:30:00 Social Attitudes To Mental Illness 00:11:00 Mental Health Legislation and Services 00:26:00 Mental Health In The Workplace 00:20:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam - Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam - Mental Health and Psychotic Disorders 00:20:00

Unravel the intricacies of mental well-being with our course, 'Mental Health Disorders & Medication'. In today's rapidly changing world, the significance of understanding mental health cannot be overstated. This meticulously curated curriculum encompasses a wide spectrum, from the basics of mental illness impact to the deep dives into specific disorders like eating, sleeping, personality, and psychiatric conditions. Embrace a holistic understanding, addressing the multifaceted world of stress, anxiety, and mood disorders. Learning Outcomes Grasp a comprehensive understanding of the varied types of mental health disorders. Recognise the wider effects and implications of mental illnesses on individuals and society. Diagnose and distinguish between eating and sleeping irregularities. Identify the distinguishing characteristics of personality and psychiatric disorders. Understand the complexities surrounding stress, anxiety, and mood fluctuations. Why buy this Mental Health Disorders & Medication course? Unlimited access to the course for forever Digital Certificate, Transcript, student ID all included in the price Absolutely no hidden fees Directly receive CPD accredited qualifications after course completion Receive one to one assistance on every weekday from professionals Immediately receive the PDF certificate after passing Receive the original copies of your certificate and transcript on the next working day Easily learn the skills and knowledge from the comfort of your home Certification After studying the course materials of the Mental Health Disorders & Medication there will be a written assignment test which you can take either during or at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £5.99. Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £9.60. Who is this Mental Health Disorders & Medication course for? Individuals keen on understanding mental health intricacies. Healthcare professionals aiming to broaden their knowledge base. Caregivers and family members of those affected by mental disorders. Students and academics pursuing psychology or psychiatry studies. Well-being advocates and mental health ambassadors. Prerequisites This Mental Health Disorders & Medication does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.This Mental Health Disorders & Medication was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Career path Mental Health Nurse: £25,000 - £37,000 per annum Clinical Psychologist: £40,000 - £85,000 per annum Psychiatry Specialist: £77,000 - £103,000 per annum Counsellor: £23,000 - £40,000 per annum Well-being Consultant: £30,000 - £60,000 per annum Mental Health Advisor: £20,000 - £35,000 per annum Course Curriculum Module 01: Mental Health Disorders & Medication Mental Health Disorders & Medication 00:20:00 Module 02: Understand the Impact of Mental Illness Understand the Impact of Mental Illness 00:16:00 Module 03: Eating and Sleeping Disorders Eating and Sleeping Disorders 00:16:00 Module 04: Personality Disorders Personality Disorders 00:16:00 Module 05: Psychiatric Disorders & Schizophrenia Psychiatric Disorders & Schizophrenia 00:19:00 Module 06: Stress, Anxiety & Mood Disorder Stress, Anxiety & Mood Disorder 00:19:00

Unravel the complexities of mental health with our comprehensive Mental Health Awareness and Psychiatric Disorders course. Embark on a journey to understand the diverse range of mental health conditions, their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Delve into the intricacies of childhood and adolescent mental health, exploring the unique challenges faced by young individuals. Gain a deeper understanding of stress and anxiety disorders, learning how to recognize and manage these prevalent mental health concerns. Discover the complexities of schizophrenia, personality disorders, and mood disorders, equipping yourself with knowledge to navigate these conditions effectively. Explore eating and sleeping disorders, understanding the impact they have on physical and mental well-being. Learning Outcomes Gain a comprehensive understanding of mental health and its impact on individuals and society Develop an understanding of the causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches for various mental health disorders Learn about the role of medication and therapy in the treatment of mental illness Explore the social attitudes towards mental illness and the importance of mental health awareness Gain insights into mental health legislation and services, understanding the legal and support systems available Why choose this Mental Health Awareness and Psychiatric Disorders course? Unlimited access to the course for a lifetime. Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by the CPD Quality Standards and CIQ after completing this course. Structured lesson planning in line with industry standards. Immerse yourself in innovative and captivating course materials and activities. Assessments designed to evaluate advanced cognitive abilities and skill proficiency. Flexibility to complete the Course at your own pace, on your own schedule. Receive full tutor support throughout the week, from Monday to Friday, to enhance your learning experience. Unlock career resources for CV improvement, interview readiness, and job success. Who is this Mental Health Awareness and Psychiatric Disorders course for? Individuals seeking to enhance their understanding of mental health and psychiatric disorders Professionals working in healthcare, education, or social services who interact with individuals with mental health concerns Anyone interested in promoting mental health awareness and reducing stigma Individuals seeking to support friends, family, or colleagues with mental health conditions Those seeking to pursue a career in mental health or related fields Career path Mental Health Nurse (£25,000 - £45,000) Psychiatric Social Worker (£30,000 - £50,000) Occupational Therapist (£35,000 - £55,000) Clinical Psychologist (£35,000 - £55,000) Mental Health Specialist (£30,000 - £50,000) Mental Health Advocate (£30,000 - £50,000) Prerequisites This Mental Health Awareness and Psychiatric Disorders does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.This Mental Health Awareness and Psychiatric Disorders was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Certification After studying the course materials, there will be a written assignment test which you can take at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £4.99 Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £8. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Mental Health Introduction to Mental Health 00:17:00 Module 02: Childhood And Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders Childhood And Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders 00:24:00 Module 03: Stress and Anxiety Disorders Stress and Anxiety Disorders 00:32:00 Module 04: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia 00:25:00 Module 05: Personality Disorders Personality Disorders 00:40:00 Module 06: Mood Disorders Mood Disorders 00:18:00 Module 07: Eating and Sleeping Disorders Eating and Sleeping Disorders 00:43:00 Module 08: Self-Harm and Suicide Self-Harm and Suicide 00:17:00 Module 09: Medication and Therapy in the Treatment of Mental Illness Medication and Therapy in the Treatment of Mental Illness 00:30:00 Module 10: Social Attitudes To Mental Illness Social Attitudes To Mental Illness 00:11:00 Module 11: Mental Health Legislation and Services Mental Health Legislation and Services 00:26:00 Module 12: Mental Health In The Workplace Mental Health In The Workplace 00:20:00

What is NLP? Join proactivenlp.com on this virtual workshop and find out how NLP can start changing your life by saying goodbye to the negatives and welcoming in all the positives you want.

Mental Health & Psychiatry course is for those who want to advance in this field. Throughout this course, you will learn the essential skills and gain the knowledge needed to become well versed in Mental Health & Psychiatry. Our course starts with the basics of Mental Health & Psychiatry and gradually progresses towards advanced topics. Therefore, each lesson of this Mental Health & Psychiatry is intuitive and easy to understand. So, stand out in the job market by completing the Mental Health & Psychiatry course. Get an accredited certificate and add it to your resume to impress your employers. Along with the Mental Health & Psychiatry course, you also get: Lifetime Access Unlimited Retake Exam & Tutor Support Easy Accessibility to the Course Materials- Anytime, Anywhere - From Any Smart Device (Laptop, Tablet, Smartphone Etc.) 100% Learning Satisfaction Guarantee Learn at your own pace from the comfort of your home, as the rich learning materials of this course are accessible from any place at any time. The curriculums are divided into tiny bite-sized modules by industry specialists. And you will get answers to all your queries from our experts. So, enrol and excel in your career with Compliance Central. Course Curriculum: Introduction to Mental Health Mental Health and Disorder Psychiatry Training Reasons and Outcomes of Psychiatric Disorder Psychiatric Disorder in Children, Adolescents and Adults Common Psychiatric Disorders Stress and Anxiety Disorder Personality Disorder Schizophrenia Treatment Methods Providing Mental Health Support Legislations about Mental Health CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone from any background can enrol in this Mental Health & Psychiatry course. Requirements To enrol in this Mental Health & Psychiatry course, all you need is a basic understanding of the English Language and an internet connection. Career path After completing this course, you can explore trendy and in-demand jobs related to Mental Health & Psychiatry. Certificates CPD Accredited PDF Certificate Digital certificate - Included CPD Accredited PDF Certificate CPD Accredited Hard Copy Certificate Hard copy certificate - £10.79 CPD Accredited Hard Copy Certificate Delivery Charge: Inside the UK: Free Outside of the UK: £9.99 each

In today's fast-paced world, understanding the mental health of children and adolescents is more crucial than ever. Equip yourself with the knowledge and skills to make a significant impact on young lives through our comprehensive course, "Mental Health of Children and Adolescents." Key Features: CPD Certified Free Certificate from Reed CIQ Approved Developed by Specialist Lifetime Access This course provides a comprehensive understanding of children's and adolescents' mental health. Learners will explore the basics of mental health and child psychology, focusing on how relationships and attachment form in early childhood. The course examines the effects of separation and loss on these bonds, as well as various factors that influence a child's development. Participants will learn about common mental health issues, including autism, ADHD, and dyslexia, and effective strategies for managing these conditions. The course also covers self-harming behaviors, mental health treatments, and medications. Additionally, it looks at how mental health evolves throughout a person's life and examines relevant UK legislation and societal perspectives on mental health. By the end, learners will be equipped with the knowledge to understand, support, and advocate for the mental well-being of young people. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to Mental Health Module 02: Child Psychology Module 03: Attachment and Relationship Building in Childhood Module 04: Impacts of Separation and Loss on Attachment Module 05: Factors that Influence Development Module 06: Mental Health Problems in Young and Adults Module 07: Other Mental Health Problems in Young and Adults Module 08: Autism, ADHD and Dyslexia in Young and Adults Module 09: Dealing With Autism, ADHD and Dyslexia in Young and Adults Module 10: The Self Harming Behaviour Module 11: Mental Health Treatment and Medicine Module 12: Mental Health over Life Span and Society in the UK Module 13: Mental Health Related Legislations in the UK Learning Outcomes: Understand fundamental principles of mental health in children and adolescents. Explore core concepts of child psychology and development. Examine attachment and relationship building during childhood. Analyse impacts of separation and loss on attachment. Identify factors influencing developmental trajectories. Recognise and address mental health problems in young individuals. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Mental Health of Children and Adolescents 3:41:20 1: Module 01: Introduction to Mental Health 14:09 2: Module 02: Child Psychology 21:26 3: Module 03: Attachment and Relationship Building in Childhood 28:33 4: Module 04: Impacts of Separation and Loss on Attachment 16:00 5: Module 05: Factors that Influence Development 18:39 6: Module 06: Mental Health Problems in Young and Adults 10:22 7: Module 07: Other Mental Health Problems in Young and Adults 10:42 8: Module 08: Autism, ADHD and Dyslexia in Young and Adults 20:59 9: Module 09: Dealing With Autism, ADHD and Dyslexia in Young and Adults 21:42 10: Module 10: The Self Harming Behaviour 13:14 11: Module 11: Mental Health Treatment and Medicine 13:16 12: Module 12: Mental Health over Life Span and Society in the UK 09:49 13: Module 13: Mental Health Related Legislations in the UK 21:29 14: CPD Certificate - Free 01:00 Who is this course for? Aspiring child psychologists and counsellors. Educators seeking mental health insights. Social workers aiding youth development. Healthcare professionals focusing on child and adolescent well-being. Parents and caregivers wanting mental health knowledge. Career path Child Psychologist School Counsellor Youth Worker Educational Psychologist Social Worker Mental Health Support Worker Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Reed Courses Certificate of Completion Digital certificate - Included Will be downloadable when all lectures have been completed.