Unleash the potential of your mind with this awe-inspiring journey into the realm of psychology. Embark on an exploration of the enigmatic human brain, the epicentre of our thoughts, emotions and behaviours. This comprehensive A-Level Psychology Course is your pathway to understanding the rapidly-evolving science of the mind, and its critical role in the functioning of our society. Discover diverse dimensions of psychology, and their intricate interconnections. Through the course, you will master transferable skills of analysis, evaluation, and critical thinking, arming you with a scientific understanding of the human psyche. Intrigued by the complexity of human behaviour? This course is your gateway to the intriguing world of psychology. A-Levels hold a coveted position in the UK education system, widely recognised by universities and employers as an emblem of significant accomplishment. Securing an A-Level not only demonstrates in-depth understanding of a subject but also enhances your career prospects and unlocks new opportunities. Crafted according to the latest specifications, our A-Level Psychology course ensures you are poised for success. With a well-structured curriculum, guided by clear instructions and engaging assignments, you'll acquire the knowledge and skills required for the examination. Key Features: š” Cutting-edge course content, crafted according to the latest specifications š Fast-track option available (for exams in 2022) šÆ Access to a network of partner exam centres (guaranteed exam venue) š©āš« Unlimited tutor support ā comprehensive study plan and constant support šÆ Exam pass guarantee (Get our support until you clear the exam) Delve into the fascinating science of the mind. Unearth the intricate workings of the human brain, the organ that governs our every perception and sensation. Embark on a journey into the realm of [ā¦] About the awarding body Awarding body:Ā AQA Our course code:Ā X915 Qualification code:Ā 7182 AQA qualifications are globally recognised and delivered in 30 countries, treasured by employers and universities, empowering learners to advance to the subsequent phase of their journey. The suite of AQA qualifications caters to a wide range of abilities, encompassing GCSEs, IGCSEs, and A-levels. ā± Study Hours: Allocate between 250 and 300 hours of study time, with additional time for completing assignments. š©āš« Study Method: The course is delivered via our dynamic online learning platform. Don't fret if you prefer hard copies, the learning materials can be printed. The resources are available in various formats including videos, quizzes, and interactive activities. š Course Duration: Enjoy unlimited tutor support for up to 24 months from the date of enrolment. You will receive your logins to our MyOxbridge portal where your learning materials are accessible. š Assessment: Enrolments are for exams in Summer 2022.Ā Complete the standard written exams, each lasting 2 hours and worth 33.3% of marks. We ensure a guaranteed exam space in one of our centres nationwide, eliminating the hassle of finding your own. Check your nearest exam centre. Throughout your course, tutor-marked assignments (TMAs) are required. These do not impact your final grade but provide a chance to receive marking and feedback from your tutor, helping gauge your progress. š©āš Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion, you will receive an A-Level in Psychology, issued by AQA, identical to that issued to students at other schools, colleges or universities. This syllabus has been carefully selected as it is best suited to distance learning.Ā ā¹ļø Additional Information: Difficulty - Level 3 Entry Requirements - A science GCSE or equivalent, preferably in biology, is highly recommended. You should also be at ease with dealing with numbers. UCAS Points - 56 Course Content: Immerse yourself in a rich tapestry of subjects, including Social Influence, Memory, Attachment, Psychopathology, Approaches in Psychology, and Biopsychology. You'll delve into topics like conformity, memory models, infant interactions, mental disorders, different learning approaches, and the central nervous system, offering a well-rounded understanding of the human mind and behaviour.
In today's media-flooded world, economic insights fill our screens. This A-Level Economics course allows you to grasp a deeper understanding of these discussions, becoming an ever-popular choice for those with aspirations in various sectors. This A-Level Economics course immerses you in dissecting economic issues, evaluating economic data, and articulating coherent ideas and judgements. Your learning journey culminates in an invaluable foundation for future endeavours in finance, banking, or governance.Ā Our Economics A-Level deepens your understanding of the global impact of Economics and the market economy's role in shaping policy, both domestically and internationally. A comprehensive exploration of the European Union will further prepare A-Level Economics learners for a plethora of career opportunities.Ā A-Levels are UK education's golden standard š„, recognised by universities and employers alike as a testament to notable accomplishment. Your A-Level demonstrates a thorough understanding of a subject, boosting your career prospects and unlocking new opportunities. Our A-Level Economics course, mapped to the latest specifications, offers you the best chance of success.Ā The course package equips you with everything needed for success: a clear induction, well-structured assignments, and the following benefits: A brand new course, written to the latest specification with dynamic and engaging content Fast track option for exams in 2022 šļø Access to a network of partnership exam centres (guaranteed exam venue) š Unlimited tutor support throughout the course š Exam pass guarantee šļø About the awarding body Awarding body:Ā AQA Our course code:Ā X914 Qualification code:Ā 7136 Awarding body: AQA, recognised globally, taught in 30 countries, and highly esteemed by employers and universities.Ā ā± Study Hours Anticipate between 250 and 300 hours of study time, plus additional time for completing assignments.Ā š©āš« Study Method Delivered via our online learning platform, the course offers dynamic and engaging materials. If you prefer, you can print your own learning materials. Resources come in various formats including videos, quizzes, and interactive activities. š Course Duration Enjoy unlimited tutor support for up to 24 months post-enrolment. You'll receive login details for MyOxbridge, housing all your learning materials. š AssessmentĀ Registration is currently open for summer 2022 examinations.Ā The assessment involves three standard written exams: Standardised Exams - Each lasting for 2 hours, each contributing to 33.3% of your final score. We ensure a hassle-free examination experience by providing guaranteed exam spaces in various centres across the nation. Explore the nearest exam centre to you. š Assignments Throughout the course, you'll need to complete assignments marked by your tutor (TMAs). Though these assignments don't contribute to your final grade, they offer an excellent opportunity to get feedback and monitor your progress as you traverse the course. š Course Outcomes Upon successful completion of this self-paced learning course, you will earn an A-Level in Economics, certified by AQA. We've opted for this specific syllabus due to its suitability for distance learning. Rest assured, your certificate holds the same credibility as those issued by any other educational institution. ā¹ļø Further Information Level of Difficulty - Level 3 Entrance prerequisites - A GCSE or an equivalent qualification in economics or mathematics is advisable for this course. UCAS Points - 56 Course Contents 1. Individuals, Firms, Markets, and Market Failure In the initial phase of the course, delve into the dynamics of markets and market failure. Explore price determination in a competitive marketplace, aspects impacting production, costs, and revenue, and get a glimpse of the national economy from a global perspective. Investigate competitive and concentrated markets, governmental interventions, and the management of macroeconomic performance. 2. The National and International Economy The latter part of the course focuses on economic methodology, the economic dilemma, and the impact of individual economic decisions. Examine the labour market, the uneven distribution of wealth leading to issues like poverty and inequality. Furthermore, study the national and international economy, the circular flow of income, AD/AS analysis, financial markets, and monetary policy. Lastly, delve into fiscal policy and supply-side policies.
Additional specialist training for those working with couples or helping with relationship issuesā¦ Accredited CPD:Ā 4 hours Length:Ā 8.45amā1.00pm (GMT) Fresh, engaging and very, very informative. I learnt things to use in my personal life as well as with the couples I work with Live training delivered onlineĀ āĀ Join Jennifer Broadley onĀ Thursday 9th May 24Ā for another jam-packed session live onlineĀ via Zoom.Ā You will have plenty of opportunities to ask questions. Simply book your place and we will send you email confirmation ā your Zoom link will be sent the day before the event. BONUS RECORDINGĀ ā the training is recorded, in case anyone experiences technical difficulties, so you will also get a recording for 2 weeks afterwards to maximise your learning. Canāt make this date, then please register your interest and weāll let you know as soon as another date is available. This additional training session gives us more time to look at how neurodiversity can impact relationships In most cases, applying the skills and techniques learned in theĀ Couples Therapy Online MasterclassĀ is all thatās needed to help a couple move forward in their relationship.Ā Sometimes though, some extra focused knowledge of the challenges within specific types of relationship can help a therapist assess more quickly and meaningfully the relationship dynamic, allowing them to more effectively help the couple find a constructive and compassionate way forward. Why take this course NeurodiversityĀ has been given significant media attention recently, which is all hugely positive. As a result though, more people are seeking out information and answers for their questions and personal experiences. As part of that process, they may well seek some counselling or therapy. Itās important then that, as therapists or counsellors, our knowledge, skillset, language and stories stay as up-to-date and relevant as possible to best serve our clients. In this session, we take time to clarify whatās most helpful and identify practical steps that can help. Jennifer's knowledge and experience shone through What will you learn Debunking the myths about neurodiversity ā and replacing them instead with newer, more positive and inclusive research-based thinking The value (or not) of a diagnosis ā and the possibility of mis-diagnosis The challenges when one or both partners are neurodiverse The most effective tools to support a re-steer back to respect and compatibility What to look out for with right- and left-brain-orientated neurodiversity How best to get mutual emotional needs met when two partners have different priorities, awareness and emotional expectations Having a neuro-divergent child ā and how that can impact a relationship (positively and otherwise) Managing expectations ā around the speed of change, and the consistency of more-respectful and kinder behaviours after therapy is complete Strategies that could work well with a neuro-divergent partner ā and when might we have to get more creative A therapistās next steps ā when they suspect one or both of a couple is neurodivergent. And much moreā¦ You will also have the opportunity to ask Jennifer questions and benefit from the discussions resulting from those asked by others. Who is this course suitable for? Anyone working with couples, perhaps as a relationship counsellor or couples therapist, who would like further insights and ideas for helping couples when one or more is neurodivergent Anyone who has previously attended ourĀ Couples masterclass 1-day workshopĀ (live or in person) If you already work with couples in your salaried work or private practice and you want to develop more insight into the different ways neurodivergence can impact couples specifically, and relationships generally, then this online training is for you. Please Note This course is not a substitute for therapy. This course has been independently accredited by the internationally recognisedĀ CPD Standards Office for 4 hours of CPD training. On completion of this training youāll receive CPD certificates from the College and the CPD Standards Office.
Additional specialist online training for anyone working with couples or helping with relationship issuesā¦ Accredited CPD:Ā 4 hours Length:Ā 8.45amā1.00pm (GMT) Live training delivered onlineĀ āĀ Join Jennifer Broadley onĀ Tuesday 9th July 24 for another jam-packed session live onlineĀ via Zoom. You will have plenty of opportunities to ask questions. Simply book your place and we will send you email confirmation ā your Zoom link will be sent the day before the event. BONUS RECORDINGĀ ā the training is recorded, in case anyone experiences technical difficulties, so you will also get a recording for 2 weeks afterwards to maximise your learning. Canāt make this date, then pleaseĀ register your interestĀ and weāll let you know as soon as another date is available. This additional online training session gives us time to look in more depth at narcissism and what a relationship with a narcissist might look like In most cases, applying the skills and techniques learned in theĀ Couples Therapy Online MasterclassĀ is all thatās needed to help a couple move forward in their relationship. But sometimes additional knowledge is needed, as in the case of relationships where narcissism is a suspected factor, to help a therapist assess more quickly and meaningfully the relationship dynamic and specific challenges involved, thus allowing them to help the couple more effectively to find a constructive and compassionate way forward and out of their current difficulties. Why take this course The term ānarcissistā is often bandied about and narcissism is frequently covered in the media ā but is this language over-used or misused? Itās great that awareness is being raised generally about narcissism and the impacts it can have on a relationship, but itās important to be well informed. As a result of this increased awareness, more people are seeking information and answers to their own experiences, as well as about the causes of their own relationship difficulties and what they can do about them. As part of that process they may well seek some counselling or therapy so itās important that, as therapists, our knowledge, skillset and stories are as up-to-date and relevant as possible to best serve our clients. If you already work with couples, in your private practice or employed role, and you want some more detailed insight into narcissism and how to spot it, as well as some of the additional relationship challenges it brings, this live online training is for you.. Jennifer gave a very informative response to my specific request for information relating toĀ narcissismPAULINE, THERAPIST ATTENDING JENNIFER'S 'COUPLES THERAPY' COURSE What will you learn What is a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) ā and what are the criteria for clinical diagnosis What specific unkind or manipulative behaviours in relationships can be classed as narcissism ā and when should we reallyĀ notĀ use that term Why the reports of narcissistic emotional abuse in relationships are significantly on the increase ā and how (or whether) this parallels family, relationship and societal changes If itās not narcissism, what else could be causing the dysfunctional relationship pattern? The truths and myths of the nature vs nurture debate in relation to NPD How to spot narcissism when both partners are in your therapy room How to spot NPD when only one partner is in your therapy room Why itās usually the co-dependant partner, rather than the one with narcissistic personality traits, that instigates therapy How to support an abused partner to exit a narcissistic relationship ā OR to remain in it if he/she wonāt or canāt leave How to identify which needs are not being met for one or both partners of a couple ā and strategies to quickly change that Tools and checklists to keep your clients emotionally and physically safe as you support a rise in their self-esteem, self-compassion and emotional needs being met more healthily The common language (media and social media) for NPD-related behaviours How to raise children (separately or together) when one parent has NPD ā the critical Doās and Donāts Additional resources to steer your clients towards ā plus recommended reading for you as a therapist And moreā¦ You will also have plenty of opportunities to ask questions and benefit from those asked by other people. Who is this course suitable for? Anyone who has previously attended our Couples masterclass 1-day workshop (live or in person). Anyone working with couples, perhaps as a relationship counsellor or through couples therapy, who would like a better understanding of narcissism and NPD, and ideas for helping couples deal with the challenges these bring. Please Note This course is not a substitute for therapy.
ā essential guidance for safe and effective remote working Join our expert tutors to discover how you can make online therapy work for your practice Accredited CPD Certificate:Ā 4 hours Length:Ā 9am ā 1.15pm (BST) LIVE ONLINEĀ āĀ Specialist training in delivering effective therapyĀ onlineĀ or over the phoneĀ āĀ Join Ros Townsend live online onĀ Tuesday 11th June 24Ā for this jam-packed, informative session. You will receive your Zoom link the day before the event. NB. Spaces are limited and tend to go quickly. Register your interest hereĀ if you canāt make this date, and weāll let you know when thereās another one. BONUS RECORDINGĀ ā the training is recorded, in case of technical difficulties, so you will also get a recording for 2 weeks afterwards to maximise your learning. Delivering online therapy, or counselling clients on the phone, requires a particular set of skills and brings with it specific considerations. This live online workshop will help you gain confidence in working safely and ethically, examining the advantages, potential drawbacks and adjustments you need to make to work remotely successfully. There will be plenty of time for questions, and helpful discussions with your peers and experienced tutors. Why take this course Whether you are a new practitioner wanting to develop your online practice, or an experienced therapist who has decided to start offering services online or on the phone, this course will help you gain the skills and understanding you need to do so safely and effectively. Unlike other online courses, this practical live online CPD training gives you the opportunity to ask our experienced tutors questions about any aspects that concern you, as well as learning from their case histories about what has worked ā and what hasnāt ā for them. Covering essential areas such as managing client expectations, setting up a therapeutic online environment, risk management, and the use and adaptation of various skills and techniques for online or telephone work, this course gives you the essential information you need to deliver therapeutic interventions remotely. BothĀ Jo BakerĀ andĀ Ros Townsend, the course tutors, have extensive experience of working with clients online, with Ros now running her entire therapy practice remotely. Jo works using a blended approach (combining face-to-face counselling and online psychotherapy), and both bring a wealth of practical tips, hands on experience and real-life examples to the training. During the day, there will be ample opportunity to discuss and share ideas with both tutors and peers, and to enter into both structured and more free-ranging discussions about both the benefits and potential difficulties that one might encounter when working therapeutically through remote mediums. What the training covers: The importance of aligning client and therapist expectations for online therapy, or therapy over the phone How to set-up successfully for work on the phone or online ā including template agreements to use with your clients Managing your technology and ensuring good communication ā key things to ascertain, plus troubleshooting tips What to do when the call wonāt connect The importance of confidentiality and privacy ā and the potential problems you need be aware of when working online Agreeing safe communication methods between sessions How to successfully manage dual therapy spaces The importance of setting and maintaining professional boundaries Discussion regarding what is / is not acceptable in a home therapy space How to manage transitions before and after the session ā for clients and therapists The key differences between online and face to face therapy work How to adapt and work successfully with a range of key therapeutic skills ā such asĀ Guided ImageryĀ andĀ The Rewind technique Assessing suitability of client presentations ā including guidance on cases that areĀ notĀ suitable for online therapy How to manage risk effectively in an online or telephone environment How to put in place effective contingency plans for when technology fails Developing flexibility: dealing with the unexpected ā including what to do if a session is interrupted When to refer a client on The additional pressures and potential stressors of online and telephone working Working in a blended way ā combining remote and face-to-face sessions Key differences for the client of receiving therapy online or over the telephone The particular considerations of working with a wider client group from different geographical locations The importance of self-care and self-awareness Insurance and GDPR considerations when delivering online therapy or counselling, or working via the phone The importance of appropriate supervision Course Programme The āOnline and phone therapy trainingā course starts at 9.00am and runs until 1.15pm. (BST). 9.00am Join the Zoom meeting 9.15am First session starts 11.00am Comfort break and discussion 11.30am Second session 1.15pm Day ends Who is this course suitable for? This course is designed for both trainee and fully-qualified therapists, psychotherapists and counsellors It is recommended to all HG practitioners by the Human Givens Institute ā trainee HG Therapists are expected to take this training if they are considering working online. This course has been independently accredited by theĀ internationally recognisedĀ CPD Standards Office for 4 hours of CPD training. On completion of this training youāll receive CPD certificates from the College and the CPD Standards Office.
Essential CPD to deepen your understanding and develop your skills as a therapist CPD Certificate:Ā 3 hours Length:Ā 9.45am ā 1.00pm (GMT) LIMITED PLACES ā Feb date now full JoinĀ Ros TownsendĀ live online onĀ Tuesday 8th October 2024Ā for this important CPD course, designed specifically for mental health professionals interested in the human givens approach. BONUSĀ ā you will get a recording for 2 weeks afterwards to maximise your learning. There are many occasions when a client presents with an excessive emotional response and it is not immediately apparent why this is happening. Perhaps they know that they are āover-reactingā in some way ā getting very angry, very fearful ā or are experiencing a driven urge to take a particular action ā such as eating or having sex. This live online course will help you gain confidence in working safely and ethically with affect bridges to discover if an unhelpful pattern, in the form of a molar memory or sub-threshold trauma is at the root of their experience, allowing you to then determine collaboratively with your client the best ways of addressing that. During the course, there will be plenty of opportunity to ask questions of the tutor, and to engage in exercises and discussions with your peers and colleagues. Why take this course Whether you are a new HG therapist wanting to develop a clear understanding of how to utilise an affect bridge to determine if a molar memory or sub-threshold trauma is present, and to better understand the protocols for working with these, or whether you are an experienced HG practitioner looking to refresh your knowledge and delve deeper into understanding this valuable skillset, this course will help you gain the skills and understanding you need to do so safely and effectively. In an early article regarding molar memories, Joe Griffin termed them āan ancient mechanism that is ruining livesā; and the impact of such driven urges on the lives of our clients cannot be underestimated. Molar memories can, on first encountering the theory, seem complicated and unfathomable, but this course will set them ā and sub-threshold traumas and the use of the affect bridge to access both ā within a clear framework of understanding, linking back to the way in which our brain perceives things (referencing the APET model) and to RIGAAR (how we structure a good therapy session). During the course, numerous case studies will be shared and used as the basis for exercises, and there will be ample opportunity to link the learning to your own experiences in the therapy room. You will gain a clear understanding of: how to follow the treatment protocols for working with molar memories and sub-threshold traumas ā adapting these, of course, to each clientās unique model of reality; how to safely and ethically utilise an affect bridge; and how to avoid the danger of creating any false memories. Ros is a brilliant teacher and presenter. She made the whole course interesting, engaging and informative as well as very supportive. She was also very patient with all our questions!GEMMA ROGERS, COUNSELLOR/COACH What the training covers: How APET and RIGAAR relate to one another Why an understanding of APET is essential when working with affect bridge What an affect bridge is How to use affect bridge safely and ethically within your therapy sessions How to avoid the risk of creating false memories Why we must proceed with caution when undertaking affect bridges when working online The difference (in this context) between āpositiveā and ānegativeā The tell-tale patterns of a sub-threshold trauma and a molar memory being present A framework to understand the presentations of both sub-threshold traumas and molar memories How to identify a sub-threshold trauma An understanding of the treatment protocol for sub-threshold traumas How to identify a molar memory An understanding of the treatment protocol for molar memories Why molar memories sometimes present differently in complex trauma How to use the understanding of APET and help clients to utilise affect bridge as a positive tool within their lives Who is this course suitable for? This course is designed for both trainee and fully-qualified HG therapists It is also suitable for any mental health professionals interested in the human givens approach It is recommended to all HG practitioners by the Human Givens Institute (HGI) Timings 9.45 am ā Join Zoom 10.00 am ā Course session starts 1.00 pm ā Course ends In any online training itās important to build in regular breaks and ensure that every 20 minutes there is a shift in focus of attention to pull the eyes away from the screen. There will be two 10ā15 minute comfort breaks during the training and regular opportunities for discussion and exercises in break-out rooms. Meet your tutor Rosalind Townsend Ros Townsend is an experienced psychotherapist and supervisor with busy practices in SW England, where she combines private therapy work with referrals from Occupational Health and the NHS. Read more
Level 3, 4 & 5 QLS Endorsed Diploma | QLS Hard Copy Certificate Included | Plus 10 CPD Courses | Lifetime Access
Discover the wonders of our planet and our role within it through our A-Level Geography course, specifically designed for self-paced learning. Gain deeper insights into the marvels and challenges our world faces from diverse landscapes to human interactions and the subsequent consequences on nature. Venture on a virtual journey exploring various terrains from arid deserts to dynamic glaciers, and lively coastal systems. Delve into the pressing issues of environmental stress on ecosystems, urban development implications, and the complex threads of globalisation. Master the art of collecting, processing, and interpreting valuable information using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Youāll become proficient in contextualisation and reporting, demonstrating a strong understanding of fieldwork through independent research projects. This course adheres to the latest Cambridge International A-Level Geography syllabus, offering a streamlined and engaging online learning experience. Benefit from unlimited tutor support, well-structured assignments, and a clear induction to equip you with the skills and knowledge for exam preparation. If youāre in the UK, you can avail our guaranteed exam centre access for your final A-Level examinations. Your enrolment comes with the following benefits: Access to a brand-new course, with content that is dynamic, engaging and tailored to the latest specification Fast track options for exams in 2022 Exam pass guarantee ā We'll support you to your next exam for free if you donāt pass the first time Guaranteed exam venue access ā Explore our network of partnership exam centres Unlimited tutor support ā Benefit from personalised study planning and comprehensive support throughout your learning journey Geography extends beyond the textbook. It's about understanding our planet, recognising our responsibilities towards it, and expanding our knowledge on how human activities shape and change our environment. Ā About the awarding body Awarding body:Ā Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE) Our course code: X923 Qualification code: 9696 Cambridge Assessment International Education is the worldās largest provider of international education programmes, qualifications and exams, delivering assessments to over 8 million learners in over 170 countries. ā± Study Hours: Allow 250-300 hours of study time plus additional time for assignments. š©āš« Study Method: Engage with a variety of media such as videos, quizzes, and interactive activities via our online platform. Learning resources can also be printed for convenience. š Course Duration: Your enrolment lasts up to 24 months from the date of registration.Ā š Assessment: Enrol now for Summer 2022 examinations. You'll need to complete four standard A-Level written exams with a blend of short and long answer questions, and extended response questions. We also provide guaranteed exam space across the UK and a repeat exam support. Additionally, various assignments throughout the course will help gauge your progress and generate predicted grades if needed. š©āš Course Outcomes: On successful completion, you'll receive an A-Level in Geography, issued by Cambridge International, identical to that received by students at any other institution. This syllabus (9696) is selected by Oxbridge for its suitability to distance learning. ā¹ļø Additional Information: Difficulty - Level 3; Entry requirements - A GCSE or equivalent in Geography is recommended; UCAS Points - 56 Course Content: Explore a wide range of topics such as hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, atmosphere and weather, rocks and weathering, population dynamics, migration and settlement, tropical and hazardous environments, production, location, and global interdependence. Each unit explores its topic in-depth, providing a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of physical and human geography.
Level 6 QLS Endorsed Course | Endorsed Certificate Included | Plus 5 Career Guided Courses | CPD Accredited
This module aims to develop knowledge and understanding as to how an organisation develops an international trade strategy. It includes establishing export goals, undertaking research into potential markets, developing an international pricing strategy, investigating shipping and logistics, marketing and promotion, documentation, distribution and review and monitoring.