1531 Courses

Our goal is to teach cybersecurity to beginners who want a deeper understanding of the topic.

Description: Do you experience sudden slow downs in your computer's performance, notwithstanding when you just have maybe a couple programs running? Have you seen a slack in your web surfing, despite the fact that you have a fast broadband connection? This is most likely because spyware or adware is taxing your framework, backing things off for you while sending data you may not need to be sent to places you probably don't need it sent to. The terrible news is that this stuff is everywhere now, including coming from sites of reputable companies that you have chosen to do business with. The best news is that our PC Safety Diploma helps you to malware-proof your PC. Who is the course for? Undergraduates Job seekers Anyone with an interest in cyber security Entry Requirement: This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. Learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. Assessment:  At the end of the course, you will be required to sit an online multiple-choice test. Your test will be assessed automatically and immediately so that you will instantly know whether you have been successful. Before sitting for your final exam you will have the opportunity to test your proficiency with a mock exam. Certification: After you have successfully passed the test, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. You can however also obtain a Course Completion Certificate following the course completion without sitting for the test. Certificates can be obtained either in hard copy at a cost of £39 or in PDF format at a cost of £24. PDF certificate's turnaround time is 24 hours and for the hardcopy certificate, it is 3-9 working days. Why choose us? Affordable, engaging & high-quality e-learning study materials; Tutorial videos/materials from the industry leading experts; Study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform; Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result; The UK & internationally recognized accredited qualification; Access to course content on mobile, tablet or desktop from anywhere anytime; The benefit of career advancement opportunities; 24/7 student support via email. Career Path: The PC Safety Diploma is a useful qualification to possess, and would be beneficial for the following careers: Computer security specialists Software developers Professional practice working for educational, political or government organizations. Higher information technology-related degree. PC Safety Diploma Why You Need To Worry About 'Malware' 01:00:00 Viruses 01:00:00 Spyware/Adware 01:00:00 Safety & Security at the Browser Level 01:00:00 Glossary of Terms 01:00:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

Quality Guarantee: Promising training excellence, satisfaction gurantee Accredited by CPD UK & Quality License Scheme Tutor Support Unlimited support via email, till you complete the course Recognised Certification: Accepted by thousands of professional bodies Start Anytime With 1 year access to the course materials Online Learning Learn from anywhere, whenever you want Why CompTIA Security+ (SY0-401) Course right for you? Whether you are self-taught and you want to fill in the gaps for better efficiency and productivity, this CompTIA Security+ (SY0-401) course will set you up with a solid foundation to become a confident networking engineer and develop more advanced skills. This comprehensive CompTIA Security+ (SY0-401) course is the perfect way to kickstart your career in the field of CompTIA Security networking . This course will give you a competitive advantage in your career, making you stand out from all other applicants and employees. As one of the leading course providers and most renowned e-learning specialists online, we're dedicated to giving you the best educational experience possible. This course is crafted by industry expert, to enable you to learn quickly and efficiently, and at your own pace and convenience. CompTIA Security+ (SY0-401) Course Details Accredited by CPD certificates are accepted by thousands of professional bodies and government regulators here in the UK and around the world. Many organisations look for employees with CPD requirements, which means, that by doing this course, you would be a potential candidate in your respective field.   The Quality Licence Scheme is a brand of the Skills and Education Group, a leading national awarding organisation for providing high-quality vocational qualifications across a wide range of industries. Course Curriculum Introduction to the Security+ Course Introduction to the Section Risk Assessment Learning Risk Assessment for Security Computing Risk Assessment Additional Risk Terminology Acting on Your Risk Assessment Risk Associated with Cloud Computing Risk Associated with Virtualization Summary of Section Understanding the Guidelines and Standards of Networking Developing Policies, Standards, and Guidelines Implementing Policies Understanding Control Types and False Positives/Negatives Undertaking Business Impact Analysis Disaster Recovery Summary of Section Actively Monitoring and Servicing Your Network Network Monitors Monitoring System Logs Understanding Hardening Working with Services Summary of Section Tools and Services to Secure Your Network Securing the Network Security Posture Reporting Security Issues Detection Controls vs. Prevention Controls Summary of Section The TCP/IP Suite and It's Protocols Mastering TCP/IP Protocols and Services Summary of Section Networks Designing a Secure Network Understanding the Various Network Infrastructure Devices Intrusion Detection Systems Network Based IDS Working with NIPS Summary of Section Access Control, Authentication and Authorization Understanding Access Control Basics Working with Radius Protecting Wireless Networks Working with Wireless Systems Wireless Vulnerabilities to know Working with Virtualization and Cloud Computing Working with Cloud Computing Working with Virtualization Security Application Security Best Practices for Security Malware Vulnerabilities and Threats Who should take this course? This comprehensive CompTIA Security+ (SY0-401) course is suitable for anyone looking to improve their job prospects or aspiring to accelerate their career in this sector and want to gain in-depth knowledge of CompTIA Security networking. Entry Requirements There are no academic entry requirements for this CompTIA Security+ (SY0-401) course, and it is open to students of all academic backgrounds. As long as you are aged seventeen or over and have a basic grasp of English, numeracy and ICT, you will be eligible to enrol. Assessment Method On successful completion of the course, you will be required to sit an online multiple-choice assessment. The assessment will be evaluated automatically and the results will be given to you immediately. Certification Endorsed Certificate from Quality Licence Scheme After successfully passing the MCQ exam you will be eligible to order the Endorsed Certificate by Quality Licence Scheme. The Quality Licence Scheme is a brand of the Skills and Education Group, a leading national awarding organisation for providing high-quality vocational qualifications across a wide range of industries. It will give you a competitive advantage in your career, making you stand out from all other applicants and employees. There is a Quality Licence Scheme endorsement fee to obtain an endorsed certificate which is £65. Certificate of Achievement from Lead Academy After successfully passing the MCQ exam you will be eligible to order your certificate of achievement as proof of your new skill. The certificate of achievement is an official credential that confirms that you successfully finished a course with Lead Academy. Certificate can be obtained in PDF version at a cost of £12, and there is an additional fee to obtain a printed copy certificate which is £35. FAQs Is CPD a recognised qualification in the UK? CPD is globally recognised by employers, professional organisations and academic intuitions, thus a certificate from CPD Certification Service creates value towards your professional goal and achievement. CPD-certified certificates are accepted by thousands of professional bodies and government regulators here in the UK and around the world. Are QLS courses recognised? Although QLS courses are not subject to Ofqual regulation, they must adhere to an extremely high level that is set and regulated independently across the globe. A course that has been approved by the Quality Licence Scheme simply indicates that it has been examined and evaluated in terms of quality and fulfils the predetermined quality standards. When will I receive my certificate? For CPD accredited PDF certificate it will take 24 hours, however for the hardcopy CPD certificate takes 5-7 business days and for the Quality License Scheme certificate it will take 7-9 business days. Can I pay by invoice? Yes, you can pay via Invoice or Purchase Order, please contact us at info@lead-academy.org for invoice payment. Can I pay via instalment? Yes, you can pay via instalments at checkout. How to take online classes from home? Our platform provides easy and comfortable access for all learners; all you need is a stable internet connection and a device such as a laptop, desktop PC, tablet, or mobile phone. The learning site is accessible 24/7, allowing you to take the course at your own pace while relaxing in the privacy of your home or workplace. Does age matter in online learning? No, there is no age limit for online learning. Online learning is accessible to people of all ages and requires no age-specific criteria to pursue a course of interest. As opposed to degrees pursued at university, online courses are designed to break the barriers of age limitation that aim to limit the learner's ability to learn new things, diversify their skills, and expand their horizons. When I will get the login details for my course? After successfully purchasing the course, you will receive an email within 24 hours with the login details of your course. Kindly check your inbox, junk or spam folder, or you can contact our client success team via info@lead-academy.org

Overview With the ever-increasing demand for Security and Risk Management in personal & professional settings, this online training aims at educating, nurturing, and upskilling individuals to stay ahead of the curve - whatever their level of expertise in Security and Risk Management may be. Learning about Security and Risk Management or keeping up to date on it can be confusing at times, and maybe even daunting! But that's not the case with this course from Compete High. We understand the different requirements coming with a wide variety of demographics looking to get skilled in Security and Risk Management . That's why we've developed this online training in a way that caters to learners with different goals in mind. The course materials are prepared with consultation from the experts of this field and all the information on Security and Risk Management is kept up to date on a regular basis so that learners don't get left behind on the current trends/updates. The self-paced online learning methodology by compete high in this Security and Risk Management course helps you learn whenever or however you wish, keeping in mind the busy schedule or possible inconveniences that come with physical classes. The easy-to-grasp, bite-sized lessons are proven to be most effective in memorising and learning the lessons by heart. On top of that, you have the opportunity to receive a certificate after successfully completing the course! Instead of searching for hours, enrol right away on this Security and Risk Management course from Compete High and accelerate your career in the right path with expert-outlined lessons and a guarantee of success in the long run. Who is this course for? While we refrain from discouraging anyone wanting to do this Security and Risk Management course or impose any sort of restrictions on doing this online training, people meeting any of the following criteria will benefit the most from it: Anyone looking for the basics of Security and Risk Management , Jobseekers in the relevant domains, Anyone with a ground knowledge/intermediate expertise in Security and Risk Management , Anyone looking for a certificate of completion on doing an online training on this topic, Students of Security and Risk Management , or anyone with an academic knowledge gap to bridge, Anyone with a general interest/curiosity Career Path This Security and Risk Management course smoothens the way up your career ladder with all the relevant information, skills, and online certificate of achievements. After successfully completing the course, you can expect to move one significant step closer to achieving your professional goals - whether it's securing that job you desire, getting the promotion you deserve, or setting up that business of your dreams.  Course Curriculum Chapter 01 Introduction to Security Management Introduction to Security Management 00:00 Chapter 02 Security Risk Analysis and Risk Reduction Security Risk Analysis and Risk Reduction 00:00 Chapter 03 Managing Security Managing Security 00:00 Chapter 04 Physical Security Management Physical Security Management 00:00 Chapter 05 Information Security Management Information Security Management 00:00 Chapter 06 Cybersecurity Cybersecurity 00:00 Chapter 07 Organisational Security Management Organisational Security Management 00:00 Chapter 08 Home Security Management Home Security Management 00:00

Description: The Security Management Diploma offers the opportunity to study various aspects of security - from access control to terrorism. Field work in the areas of executive protection and recovery, trade secret protection, background investigations, surveillance, IT security, and cyber-security are but a few choices available in the security management field. From local business to international consulting opportunities, security management is one of the fastest growing fields today. The Security Management Diploma is designed and taught by industry professionals, many with extensive experience in analyzing and implementing effective security countermeasures and procedures to safeguard proprietary information, trade secrets, organizational human resources, and leaders. Assessment: At the end of the course, you will be required to sit for an online MCQ test. Your test will be assessed automatically and immediately. You will instantly know whether you have been successful or not. Before sitting for your final exam you will have the opportunity to test your proficiency with a mock exam. Certification: After completing and passing the course successfully, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. Certificates can be obtained either in hard copy at a cost of £39 or in PDF format at a cost of £24. Who is this Course for? Security Management Diploma is certified by CPD Qualifications Standards and CiQ. This makes it perfect for anyone trying to learn potential professional skills. As there is no experience and qualification required for this course, it is available for all students from any academic background. Requirements Our Security Management Diploma is fully compatible with any kind of device. Whether you are using Windows computer, Mac, smartphones or tablets, you will get the same experience while learning. Besides that, you will be able to access the course with any kind of internet connection from anywhere at any time without any kind of limitation. Career Path After completing this course you will be able to build up accurate knowledge and skills with proper confidence to enrich yourself and brighten up your career in the relevant job market. Updated Version-Security Management Diploma Module 01: Introduction To Security Management 00:30:00 Module 02: Organisational Security Management 00:26:00 Module 03: Security Risk Analysis And Risk Reduction 00:23:00 Module 04: Physical And Information Security Protection 00:32:00 Module 05: Business Resilience And Crisis Management 00:17:00 Module 06: Cyber Security And Fraud Prevention 00:25:00 Module 07: Security Investigations And Threat Awareness 00:24:00 Module 08: Laws And Regulations 00:25:00 Certificate & Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00 Old Version-Security Management Diploma The Basics Of Security Management 00:15:00 Security Management Planning And Implementing 00:15:00 How to Build a Security Management Team 00:15:00 The Role And Responsibilities of a Security Officer 00:30:00 Security Management Governance 00:15:00 Organizational Security Models 00:30:00 Understanding Risk, Threat, And Vulnerability 00:15:00 Information Risk Management 00:30:00 Different Types of Crimes 00:15:00 Understanding What Burglaries Are 00:15:00 Definition and Dangers of Hijacking 00:15:00 Domestic Violence in the Workplace 00:30:00 Child abuse: Identification, Reporting, and Prevention 00:30:00 Sexual Violence: Prevention Strategies 00:15:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam- Security Management Diploma 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam- Security Management Diploma 00:20:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

Do you want to learn how to practice digital citizenship? Do you want to get to communicate, search and stay safe online? If yes, then enrol now and benefit from the information provided in this course. Description: The Internet has changed the way that individuals connect, communicate, and connect business. The digital age has given many advantages. However, it has a drawback. Given the sheer volume of digital data that we send and get every day, it is critical to learning essential citizenship skills. These skills will help prevent slips and keep your digital connections running efficiently. In this course, students will gain the digital skills and their awareness of cultural and ethical implications of utilising digital technologies. You will also learn the skills required to become a powerful and efficient digital subject. Who is this course for? Individuals who use the internet on a daily basis for personal and professional life. Entry Requirement: This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. Learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. Assessment: At the end of the course, you will be required to sit an online multiple-choice test. Your test will be assessed automatically and immediately so that you will instantly know whether you have been successful. Before sitting for your final exam, you will have the opportunity to test your proficiency with a mock exam. Certification: After you have successfully passed the test, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. You can however also obtain a Course Completion Certificate following the course completion without sitting for the test. Certificates can be obtained either in hard copy at the cost of £39 or in PDF format at the cost of £24. PDF certificate's turnaround time is 24 hours, and for the hardcopy certificate, it is 3-9 working days. Why choose us? Affordable, engaging & high-quality e-learning study materials; Tutorial videos/materials from the industry leading experts; Study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform; Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result; The UK & internationally recognised accredited qualification; Access to course content on mobile, tablet or desktop from anywhere anytime; The benefit of career advancement opportunities; 24/7 student support via email. Career path: The Digital Citizenship Course will be very beneficial and helpful, especially to the following careers: Security coordinator. Production worker. Network technician. Documentation specialist. Much more. Digital Citizenship Course Module One - Getting Started 01:00:00 Module Two - What Is Digital Citizenship 00:30:00 Module Three - Being a Good Citizen 01:00:00 Module Four - Best Practices for Sharing 00:30:00 Module Five - Networking and Personal Branding (I) 01:00:00 Module Six - Networking and Personal Branding (II) 00:30:00 Module Seven - Digital Security and Safety (I) 01:00:00 Module Eight - Digital Security and Safety (II) 01:00:00 Module Nine - Dealing with the Dark side 01:00:00 Module Ten - Digital Etiquette (I) 01:00:00 Module Eleven - Digital Etiquette (II) 01:00:00 Module Twelve - Wrapping Up 01:00:00 Activities Digital Citizenship Course- Activities 00:00:00 Mock Exam Mock Exam- Digital Citizenship Course 00:20:00 Final Exam Final Exam- Digital Citizenship Course 00:20:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

CISSP certification is a globally recognized standard of achievement that confirms an individual's knowledge in the field of information security. Through the Information Systems Security Professional Certification - (CISSP) Course you will gain the foundational knowledge to fully prepare for the exam, including a comprehensive understanding of the CISSP CBK 8 domains. The course will teach you to protect resources using access control methods and cryptography, to plan a secure environment aligned with organizational objectives, compliance requirements, and industry-standard architectures. You will learn to develop operational security and continuity through preventive and recovery mechanisms. You will understand security architecture and models, how to handle security management practices, understand telecommunications and networking security. Why choose this course Earn an e-certificate upon successful completion. Accessible, informative modules taught by expert instructors Study in your own time, at your own pace, through your computer tablet or mobile device Benefit from instant feedback through mock exams and multiple-choice assessments Get 24/7 help or advice from our email and live chat teams Full Tutor Support on Weekdays Course Design The course is delivered through our online learning platform, accessible through any internet-connected device. There are no formal deadlines or teaching schedules, meaning you are free to study the course at your own pace. You are taught through a combination of Video lessons Online study materials Mock exams Multiple-choice assessment Certification After the successful completion of the final assessment, you will receive a CPD-accredited certificate of achievement. The PDF certificate is for £9.99, and it will be sent to you immediately after through e-mail. You can get the hard copy for £15.99, which will reach your doorsteps by post. Who is this course for? Information Systems Security Professional Certification - (CISSP) Course is suitable for anyone who want to gain extensive knowledge, potential experience and professional skills in the related field. This is a great opportunity for all student from any academic backgrounds to learn more on this subject.

Duration 4 Days 24 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is for technical professionals who need to know how to deploy open source intrusion detection systems (IDS) and intrusion prevention systems (IPS), and how to write Snort rules. Security administrators Security consultants Network administrators System engineers Technical support personnel Channel partners and resellers Overview After taking this course, you should be able to: Describe Snort technology and identify resources available for maintaining a Snort deployment Install Snort on a Linux-based operating system Describe the Snort operation modes and their command-line options Describe the Snort intrusion detection output options Download and deploy a new rule set to Snort Describe and configure the snort.conf file Configure Snort for inline operation and configure the inline-only features Describe the Snort basic rule syntax and usage Describe how traffic is processed by the Snort engine Describe several advanced rule options used by Snort Describe OpenAppID features and functionality Describe how to monitor Snort performance and how to tune rules The Securing Cisco Networks with Open Source Snort (SSFSNORT) v2.1 course shows you how to deploy a network intrusion detection system based on Snort. You?ll learn how to install, configure, operate, and manage a Snort system, rules writing with an overview of basic options, advanced rules writing, how to configure Pulled Pork, and how to use OpenAppID to provide protection of your network from malware. You will learn techniques of tuning and performance monitoring, traffic flow through Snort rules, and more Course outline Introduction to Snort Technology Snort Installation Snort Operation Snort Intrusion Detection Output Rule Management Snort Configuration Inline Operation and Configuration Snort Rule Syntax and Usage Traffic Flow Through Snort Rules Advanced Rule Options OpenAppID Detection Tuning Snort Additional course details: Nexus Humans Cisco Securing Cisco Networks with Open Source Snort v2.1 (SSFSNORT) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the Cisco Securing Cisco Networks with Open Source Snort v2.1 (SSFSNORT) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Criminal Intelligence Analyst Introducing the Comprehensive Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst Course: Unlocking the Secrets of Crime Investigation! Are you fascinated by the intricate workings of criminal minds? Do you have a passion for unravelling complex mysteries and making the world a safer place? If so, Welcome to our exclusive Criminal Intelligence Analyst course. Our Criminal Intelligence Analyst course is designed to equip you with the knowledge, skills, and techniques needed to excel in this exciting field. Whether you are an aspiring analyst seeking to kickstart your career or a seasoned professional looking to enhance your expertise, this Criminal Intelligence Analyst course is tailored for you. Our Criminal Intelligence Analyst course covers a wide range of topics, ensuring you gain a holistic understanding of the criminal intelligence analysis process. This Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst course will also provide you knowledge about Criminal Psychology. Our Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst course is entirely online. Study at your own pace, from anywhere in the world, and access our comprehensive Criminal Intelligence Analyst course materials 24/7. You will have lifetime access to the content, allowing you to revisit and reinforce your knowledge whenever needed. Upon successful completion of the Criminal Intelligence Analyst course, you will receive a prestigious Criminal Intelligence Analyst Certification. This industry-recognized credential will validate your expertise and set you apart from the competition. Don't miss out on this opportunity to embark on a rewarding and fulfilling career in criminal intelligence. Enrol today in our Criminal Intelligence Analyst course and unlock the doors to a world of crime-solving possibilities. Other benefits of Criminal Intelligence Analyst course Free PDF Certificate Lifetime Access Free Retake Exam Tutor Support [ Note: Free PDF certificate as soon as completing the Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst course] Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst Course Curriculum of Criminal Intelligence Analyst Module 1: An Introduction to Intelligence Module 2: The Intelligence Process Module 3: Example of a National Intelligence Model: The United Kingdom Module 4: Evaluation of Source and Data Module 5: Analysis and Analytical Process Module 6: Intelligence-Led Policing Module 7: Decision Making in Criminal Intelligence Analysis Module 8: Criminal Psychology Module 9: The Criminal Justice System in England and Wales Assessment Method of Criminal Intelligence Analyst Training After completing each module of the Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Once you complete all the modules in this manner, you will be qualified to request your certification. Certification of Criminal Intelligence Analyst After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. It will act as proof of your extensive professional development. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. Who is this course for? Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst This Criminal Intelligence Analyst course is ideal for anyone. Requirements Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst There are no specific requirements for this Criminal Intelligence Analyst course because it does not require any advanced knowledge or skills. Career path Criminal Intelligence : Criminal Intelligence Analyst

DWDM training course description A concise overview of Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) with both Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) being covered. The course starts with a review of the relevant elements of fibre transmission and multiplexing before then studying WDM components and architectures. Reliability, resilience and management are then followed by WDM services and futures. What will you learn Explain the benefits of WDM. Describe Dispersion and four way mixing. Describe the different WDM equipment components. Describe different WDM architectures. Explain How DWDM works. DWDM training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with CWDM/DWDM. Prerequisites: Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days DWDM training course contents Fibre communications review Optical transmission, Fibre characteristics, Fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. CWDM ITU G.694.2, channels, channel spacing. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channels, channel spacing. WDM Equipment Components Equipment components and building blocks. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. WDM/DWDM Hubs. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Types of Cross Connects (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. WDM Architectures WDM network sections. Point-to-Point, Optical switches, mesh, ring and star topology. Example of combined WDM and other technology network. Wavelength converting transponders, 1R, 2R, 3R. Protection for WDM Sub 50ms failover. Equipment protection. Card protection. Y cable, Splitter protection. Far end laser control. Line protection. OMSP 1+1, OMSP 1:1, OMSP 1: N. Self healing optical ring. Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP). Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON). WDM Management Options In band management. Out of band management. The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC). OSC capabilities. WDM services WDM Access. Bit rates, Transparent Networks. Modulation, DQPSK. SDH over WDM. Migrating from SDH to DWDM. Ethernet over WDM, IP over WDM. Optical Transport Networks G.709, 'digital wrapper', Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU), Optical Channel Transport Unit ( OTU), Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU). OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, OTU4. WDM Futures All optical amplification, Raman amplification, distributed, lumped. Bit rates. Solitons. Coherent technologies.