329 Courses

This module outlines the legislative and regulatory context for the development of generic drugs and describes the essential role of the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) in gaining marketing approval. The use of information in the ‘Orange Book’ is explained, as is the role of patent certification in the application. The importance of establishing bioequivalence between a generic and its reference product is emphasised. The module specifies the content and format requirements for an ANDA submission and describes the FDA’s review and approval process. An outline is given of the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA) and the law’s effects on industry players.

Changes to the terms of marketing authorisations for medicinal products, called variations in Europe, must be notified to or approved by the relevant regulatory authorities. Variations include changes to the composition of products, their manufacturing processes, the way they are used, or the indications for which they are authorised. Common approaches are adopted within the European Economic Area to variations to marketing authorisations approved through the Centralised, Decentralised or Mutual Recognition Procedures. Recent legislation has substantially modified the regulatory requirements and extended them to purely national authorisations by member states. This module, which is fully up to date with the new legislation, covers the classification of variations into their several types and the regulatory requirements, guidance and procedures to be followed for each type.

This foundation-level module is the ideal introduction for new entrants to the field of pharmaceutical regulatory affairs and compliance. It describes the principal requirements that must be satisfied to gain and maintain approval to market medicinal products in the USA and Europe. The legal framework and the roles of major players in regulation are presented. The life-cycle of a drug is outlined. The various procedures available for assessment and approval of products are described and their requirements outlined. Obligations to be fulfilled after marketing approval are discussed.

This module describes the roles of the various players in the procedure, the sequence and duration of the stages involved, and the requirements on content, format and timing of submissions. It discusses the special issues that apply to generic products in the DCP.

The sponsor of a clinical trial must arrange for it to be monitored throughout its duration to ensure that the rights and wellbeing of subjects are protected, the trial data are accurate, complete and verified from source documents, and the conduct of the trial complies with the study protocol, Good Clinical Practice and regulatory requirements. In this module we describe how a Clinical Research Associate (CRA) monitors an ongoing trial to its conclusion.

his module describes the roles of the various players in the procedure, the sequence and duration of the stages involved, and the requirements on content, format and timing of submissions. It discusses the special issues that apply to generic products in the MRP.

This module extends the learner’s understanding of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies from the basics described in our companion module PKPD01, An Introduction to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Drug Development and Registration. It provides detail on a variety of aspects of such studies: design, sampling, data analysis, research in special populations, and bioequivalence testing.

In this course we explain how to advertise and promote prescription drugs in various media, whether to healthcare professionals or consumers, in compliance with legal requirements and guidance from the FDA.

The heaviest legal penalties imposed on drug companies concern interactions with healthcare professionals in the context of prescription drug marketing, notably for violations of the Anti-Kickback Statute and the False Claims Act. Monetary penalties have amounted to billions of dollars in some cases.