1054 Courses in London

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) The objective of this 4-half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course is to equip participants with the required knowledge so that they can define and implement an effective oil analysis programme, monitor the condition of transformers and understand oil analysis reports as part of their maintenance strategy. This VILT course is delivered in partnership with ENGIE Laborelec. Training Objectives Participants will be able to go through the following areas during the VILT course: Condition monitoring of power transformers through oil analyses: Transformer Health Index, Transformer Fleet Condition Assessment, Risk Matrix Best practices Which oil analyses/how frequent DGA: focus on partial discharges, sparking, stray gassing, catalytic effects / interpretation systems. Interpretation of results Why and when to perform electrical measurements? International standards: IEEE, IEC, Duval, ASTM, etc Maintenance guidelines Trending and reporting Sampling techniques Use of online monitoring for DGA/water: implementation and real-case advantages etc: New developments: importance of methanol as ageing marker, temperature correction of ageing markers, stray gassing of oils in service etc REX, case studies and real-case exercises concerning power transformers within generation and high-voltage grids Discussion of reports on power transformers Use of unused insulating transformer oils Market trends in the use of inhibited and uninhibited oils Differences, advantages and drawbacks of uninhibited compared with inhibited oils Importance of additives, oxidation stability tests, stray gassing, etc Target Audience The VILT course is intended for a wide audience, including professionals who are maintenance staff, electrical engineers and asset managers responsible for transformers. Typical industries are powerplants, high voltage grids or large industrial sites. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 4 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 x 10 minutes break per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Course Duration: 4 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (16 hours in total). This VILT course is delivered in partnership with ENGIE Laborelec. Trainer Your expert course leader is a senior expert in the field of insulating and lubricating oils and of condition monitoring of power transformers and turbines. He has 20 years of experience within power industry and since 2010 Key Expert within the ENGIE group. He has worked on various international projects such as the Al Dur power plant in Bahrain, Shuweihat II power plant in UAE, PP11 and Jubail Marafiq power plants in Saudi Arabia and Sohar II and Barka III power plants in Oman. He has also been involved in consulting work in Malaysia for Hyrax Oil. Other assignments include Shell, Nynas, Total, ABB, Alstom, CG Pauwels in Europe. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) Asia Pacific is set to be the largest and fastest growing Hydrogen market globally. This growth is driven by decarbonisation of energy-use, ammonia production and rising demand of fuel cell electric vehicles. Hydrogen as a fuel has outstanding energy carrying capacity and many application possibilities ranging from Petroleum refinery, Ammonia and Methanol production, Transportation and Power generation. Although the current petrochemical market segment will remain strongest in the near future, it is the transport and power sector which spurs the vision of a massive market takeoff in the next decade. The ever-rising share of renewable energies require flexible and scalable storage solutions, which in turn offers many additional revenue streams beyond pure electricity sales. Adding to this the strong impetus towards decarbonization of the transport sector from cars, trucks, trains to ships and even airplanes creates the breed for an exciting and yet untapped market potential. This course aims to clarify and assess the hydrogen business case along its value chain and versatile market applications. Training Objectives Understanding current hydrogen market status and recent developments Major drivers and inhibitors influencing the growth of the market Understanding and comparing various production technology processes Challenges and solutions in transport, distribution and storage of hydrogen Mapping the many petrochemical, energy and transport applications Analyse business cases from around the world and understand their economics Target Audience Project developers Equipment Manufacturers Oil, Gas and Petrochemical sector companies IPPs and utilities Transport sector companies and port operators Policy makers and regulators Investors and lenders Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 4 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Additionally, some self-study will be requested. Participants are invited but not obliged to bring a short presentation (10mins max) on a practical problem they encountered in their work. This will then be explained and discussed during the VILT. A short test or quiz will be held at the end the course. Trainer Your expert course leader is an internationally renowned energy communicator and business educator, focused on the interconnected clean energy transition topics of renewable power, energy storage, energy system electrification and hydrogen. His own independent technology tracking, market assessment and opportunity/risk analysis is delivered to clients through a mix of business advisory work, commissioned content, small-group training (online & in-person), and one-to-one executive coaching (online). In the hydrogen sector, he is currently lead consultant and trainer to the World Hydrogen Leaders network, and writer of their 'This Week in Hydrogen' news column. He is also co-presenter of the 'New Energy Chinwag' podcast, which regularly covers hydrogen-related issues. During more than 15 years as an independent energy expert, he has helped companies from large multinationals to innovative start-ups - totalling assignments in over 30 countries across 5 continents. Most recently, he has presented clean energy training in locations as diverse as Singapore, the UK, South Africa, The Philippines, the USA, Mexico, Spain and Dubai - and, in recent times of course, online to international audiences from across the world. Prior to this, he was Research Director for over 10 years at Informa, a $9 billion business intelligence provider; where he drove new market identification, analysis and project deployment work, and managed teams in the UK and US. He has a strong science background, holding a 1st Class Honours degree in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge, a PhD in Earth Sciences and a further Diploma in Economics & Sustainability from the UK's Open University. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Enhance your expertise in HV/MV power system design and protection coordination with EnergyEdge's virtual instructor-led training. Join now!

Why Learn Revit and 3dsMax V-Ray Visualization Basic to Advance Training Course? Course info Master architectural visualization and photorealistic renderings. In-person or live online options available. Learn Revit and 3dsMax, V-Ray rendering, and advanced techniques. Hands-on projects for real-world experience. Duration: 40 hrs Method: 1-on-1 - Individual support. Schedule: Tailor your own schedule by pre-booking a convenient hour of your choice, available from Mon to Sat between 9 am and 7 pm. Comprehensive Training: Master Revit, 3dsMax, and advanced visualization techniques for exceptional results. V-Ray Rendering: Explore realistic rendering with V-Ray, including advanced techniques and materials. Real-World Projects: Work on industry-relevant projects for a professional portfolio. Flexible Learning: Choose in-person or live online sessions for an engaging experience. Lesson Recordings: Access recorded classes to reinforce your understanding. Lifetime Email Support: Get guidance and assistance from experienced instructors beyond the course duration. Autodesk Certified Instructors. Comprehensive Training: Master Revit, 3dsMax, and advanced visualization techniques for exceptional results. V-Ray Rendering: Explore realistic rendering with V-Ray, including advanced techniques and materials. Real-World Projects: Work on industry-relevant projects for a professional portfolio. Flexible Learning: Choose in-person or live online sessions for an engaging experience. Lesson Recordings: Access recorded classes to reinforce your understanding. Lifetime Email Support: Get guidance and assistance from experienced instructors beyond the course duration. Autodesk Certified Instructors. Part 1: Revit (16 hours) Module 1: Introduction to Revit Familiarizing with the Revit interface and workspace Embracing the Building Information Modeling (BIM) workflow Creating a fundamental building model as a starting point Module 2: Basic Modeling in Revit Working with essential elements such as walls, doors, and windows Constructing floors and roofs to complete the building structure Crafting functional and visually appealing stairs and railings Module 3: Advanced Modeling in Revit Delving into the creation and manipulation of families Utilizing parameters and constraints to enhance modeling efficiency Exploring intricate geometries for complex designs Module 4: Annotation and Documentation in Revit Enhancing project documentation by adding text and dimensions Generating informative schedules for better project management Mastering the printing and exporting processes for professional output Part 2: 3ds Max (16 hours) Module 1: Introduction to 3ds Max Navigating the 3ds Max interface and workspace Understanding the 3D modeling workflow for design visualization Initiating the creation of basic 3D models Module 2: Basic Modeling in 3ds Max Working with primitive shapes to build foundational models Creating and refining splines to form versatile shapes Advancing to complex 3D model development for intricate designs Module 3: Materials and Textures in 3ds Max Exploring the material editor and its functionalities Skillfully applying and adjusting materials for realistic renders Incorporating textures to add depth and detail to the models Module 4: Lighting and Cameras in 3ds Max Mastering the art of lighting creation and manipulation Utilizing the daylight system for enhanced realism Understanding cameras and perspectives for compelling visual storytelling Part 3: V-Ray (8 hours) Module 1: Introduction to V-Ray Getting acquainted with the V-Ray interface and workflow Exploring V-Ray materials and textures for high-quality renders Module 2: Lighting and Rendering in V-Ray Creating and refining lighting setups for stunning renders Utilizing global illumination to enhance the realism of scenes Implementing advanced rendering techniques for professional output Module 3: Materials and Textures in V-Ray Crafting and modifying V-Ray materials for realistic surfaces Applying V-Ray textures to add depth and realism to objects Utilizing V-Ray displacement maps for intricate details For 3ds Max free trial, visit: https://www.autodesk.co.uk/products/free-trial. To access the V-Ray free trial, visit: https://www.chaosgroup.com/. Start your journey to becoming a proficient designer and renderer in the world of 3D modeling and visualization. Download Revit Revit and 3dsMax V-Ray Visualization Basic to Advance Training Course: Proficient Software Skills: Acquire a strong command of Revit and 3dsMax, along with advanced techniques in V-Ray rendering. High-Quality Visualizations: Create realistic and visually stunning architectural visualizations using V-Ray. Architectural Modeling: Master the process of modeling architectural elements with precision and efficiency. Materials and Textures: Understand how to apply realistic materials and textures to enhance visualizations. Lighting Setup: Set up lighting environments to achieve optimal illumination and ambiance in renderings. Rendering Techniques: Explore advanced rendering techniques, including global illumination, caustics, and ambient occlusion. Real-World Projects: Complete industry-relevant projects to build a professional-grade portfolio. Problem-Solving Skills: Develop the ability to troubleshoot and resolve rendering challenges effectively. Efficient Workflows: Learn time-saving workflows and best practices for efficient visualization production. Portfolio Showcase: Showcase your newly acquired skills through a diverse range of visualizations.

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About this Training Course To the non-geologist, working with Petroleum Geologists can be confusing. Petroleum geology has specific terminology and many concepts and data sources unfamiliar to the uninitiated. This course has been designed to introduce these terms and provide an insight into how oil and gas are formed, how they are found and how they are extracted. Using a holistic combination of lectures, experiments, case study and practical exercises, the course involves an introduction to fundamental geological concepts, to exploration techniques, prospecting, drilling, well logs and recovery methods. The course will also demystify the terminology surrounding petroleum geology, demonstrate the use of geological information to show the value and weakness of different datasets, and lead to better communication and decision-making between the geologists and non-geologists. It will feature world-class virtual reality field trips that incorporate activities and features unavailable in the physical field, and provide for a more integrated and flexible learning resource (also see the trainer's article on page 4 which was first published in GEO ExPro Magazine, the upstream oil and gas industry's favourite magazine). Course Highlights: Course facilitator has delivered petroleum geology training to many companies over the years Facilitator is also a professionally trained teacher and former university lecturer who is experienced in communicating with people at all levels of technical knowledge Practical exercises, experiments, examination of real rocks, a virtual reality field trip and case study are used to clarify and reinforce important concepts Training Objectives By attending this training, you will be able to acquire the following: Understand the geological methods and principles used in hydrocarbon exploration, development and production. Understand the key elements of a petroleum system, from hydrocarbon source to reservoir and seal Appreciate basin analysis, regional geology and play based exploration techniques Be aware of the different sorts of hydrocarbon trap from structural to stratigraphic Understand the technical terminology, tools and methods used in exploration geology Learn about unconventional Understand and evaluate the sources and reliability of various types of geological information Understand acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic data Learn the technical processes and terminology involved in exploration Understand how a prospect is defined and risked Understand how seismic, existing well information and outcrop geology can be used for exploration Gain an understanding of the methods used for petroleum geology to allow a discovery to be appraised and then developed Target Audience The course is suitable to all personnel, but those that benefit most include: This course will benefit Petroleum Engineers (reservoir, drilling, production) who work with geological data, Geophysicists with little or no geological background, Project managers whose teams include petroleum geologists, Finance, Procurement, Marketing and Communications staff, and government Data Managers who handle petroleum geological data and need to understand the sources of different types of data. Trainer Your expert course leader is the Geosciences Technical Director for PetroEdge. She was previously, the manager of Robertson Petroleum Training Centre and a Senior Project Scientist at Robertson CGG. She has over 20 years of experience in teaching geology and leading field trips. Prior to her 8 years at Robertson, she was in academia as a lecturer for 6 years and a Research Fellow for 3 years. She has conducted fieldwork and led field trips in the US and many areas in the UK. In addition, she has led university regional geology day schools and has comprehensive experience in course and study programme writing. She has extensive experience in delivering courses and in Clastic and Carbonate Reservoir Geology, Deepwater Turbidites, Sandstone Reservoirs, Wireline Log Interpretation, Integrated Sequence Stratigraphy, Basin Analysis and Exploration & Appraisal workshops globally. In delivering the Exploration Team Management Workshop, she has project managed and taught key principles and modules on project planning, data collection/collation, geophysical assessment, stratigraphy and facies mapping, source rock facies and hydrocarbon generation, play fairway mapping, risking and prospect evaluation. Her knowledge and enthusiasm for instructing is reflected in consistently being rated as excellent by trainees, and clients specifically requesting her participation in courses. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course Within the energy industry, it is a requirement, both contractual and in some areas legislative, to ensure effective internal systems are in place which support employee development and provide evidence of their competence. A Competence Management and Assurance process - if correctly developed and applied - provides employees and organisations with the tools to demonstrate competence and contributes to career development of the individual. The 3 full-day course focuses on Competence Management Systems (CMS) which are typically in use within the Energy Industry, their structure and process development requirements. In addition, the course details the assessment process, the role of the competency assessors within the organisation and the relationship between competence management and training provision. For impactful learning, the course instructor uses a variety of instructional methodologies such as lectures, discussions, individual reflection, games, mystery puzzles, video, case studies, team syndication, group presentations, sharing and feedback. Training Objectives This course will provide attendees with an understanding of: The role of competencies in the Energy industry The benefits of Competency Management System to the organisation The components of a Competency of Competency Management System The know how to implement the Competency Management System The roles and responsibilities within a Competency Management System The know how to develop Competency Models The relationship between Competency Management and Capability Development The know how to conduct Organisational Analysis The know how to conduct Job Analysis and Task Analysis The know how to develop Competency Standards and Development Guides using the 70:20:10 principle The competency assessment process, tools and methodologies The know how to package and communicate the Competency Assessment Reports to Management Competency Management Case Studies in the Energy Industry Target Audience This course will benefit professionals from Human Resource and Capability Development as well as Line Managers. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader is an independent consultant trainer with more than 30 years of experience in People & Organizational Development. She has retired from her full-time job and is currently serving as an Associate Consultant / Trainer with several Learning & Development organizations operating in Malaysia and Singapore. A chemist by training, her interest in People & Organizational Development was so intense that she decided to switch profession during her earlier years of employment, and she has never looked back since. She has gathered extensive hands-on experience, leading key projects and delivering learning programs in her field of expertise with numerous leading organizations in South East Asia, the Middle East and Europe. A project that she is particularly proud in completing was the transformation of PETRONAS Management Training Institute into a regional Leadership Centre. While leading this project, she was given the opportunity to be seconded to General Electric (GE), a Fortune 500 multinational known for its cutting-edge leadership development innovation. She was instrumental in the development of the existing leadership model for PETRONAS. In addition, she was also extensively involved in the development and implementation of Technical Competency Development process that is currently being used by more than 20 disciplines in the organization. Another massive project that she was heavily involved in was the creation of the quality culture for PETRONAS. The project saw the establishment of PETRONAS' own quality principles where she played a key role in propagating the desired mindset towards the creation of a high performing culture. Her involvement in this project took her to many PETRONAS Operating Companies which spanned into several countries across the globe including Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Sudan, South Africa and Switzerland, creating awareness through learning programs and consultancy services. The PETRONAS Quality Principles have since evolved into shared values that are now known as the PETRONAS Culture Beliefs. In keeping her expertise current after retiring from full-time employment since 2017, she has continued to deliver learning programs, providing coaching and consultancy services to selected Oil & Gas companies in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, India, Oman and Thailand. Among her most recent work are virtual learning deliveries and consultancies during the COVID-19 pandemic to some government linked companies / agencies in Malaysia and PTT Exploration & Production Company of Thailand. Outside her professional circle, she is an avid cyclist, a jungle tracker and a mount climber. She is also an accredited trainer from the Human Resource Development Corporation (HRD CORP). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

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About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT)  This 4 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course will address a variety of contract and loan structuring issues associated with geothermal energy projects as well as comparison with solar, wind and battery storage. The course is designed to investigate how various project finance techniques and contract structures can be used to achieve a competitive power prices while maintaining a satisfactory equity return. Distinctive project finance features of power facilities that depend on geothermal, wind, hydro or solar resources will be evaluated with financial models. The course will cover economic analysis of exploration and development of geothermal facilities and how to incorporate probability of failure and success into an IRR framework. Subsequent sessions will address the theory underlying liquidated damages for delay, and performance as well as design of other incentives that is inherent in different contract structures. Nuanced project finance issues associated with structuring debt for renewable projects will be discussed including under what conditions the DSCR drives debt capacity and when the debt to capital ratio is instrumental. The course will be taught with a combination of theoretical discussions, term sheet review and focused financial models. Training Objectives Evaluation of the economic risks that arise from uncertainty associated with drilling exploration wells and development wells for geothermal projects. Analyse the theoretical issues with computing LCOE for geothermal projects compared to other renewable and non-renewable resources and the importance of cost of capital for renewable projects; Understand differences in contract structures for renewable projects and dispatchable projects and how a single price structure can distort incentives for efficient construction and operation; Understand components of financing that influence the bid price required to meet a required rate of return on equity and can result in relatively low prices with reasonable returns. Understand the importance of debt sizing constraints and what strategies are relevant when the debt to capital constraint applies relative to when the debt service coverage ratio drives the debt size; Understand how to compute P50, P90 and P99 for different projects driven by resource risk; Understand the difference between mean reverting resource variation and estimation mistakes that do not correct as the basis for 1-year P90 and 10-year P90. Understand under what conditions debt sculpting can affect returns and how synthetic sculpting can be used to increase returns when the DSCR constraint applies. Understand the theory of credit spreads, variable rate debt and interest rates in different currencies and compute the implied probability of default that in inherent in credit spreads. Understand how to evaluate the costs to equity investors and the benefits to lenders for various credit enhancements including DSRA accounts, cash flow sweeps and covenants. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 4 sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Trainer Your expert course leader provides financial and economic consulting services to a variety of clients, he teaches professional development courses in an assortment of modelling topics (project finance, M&A, and energy). He is passionate about teaching in Africa, South America, Asia and Europe. Many of the unique analytical concepts and modelling techniques he has developed have arisen from discussion with participants in his courses. He has taught customized courses for MIT's Sloan Business School, Bank Paribas, Shell Oil, Society General, General Electric, HSBC, GDF Suez, Citibank, CIMB, Lind Lakers, Saudi Aramco and many other energy and industrial clients. His consulting activities include developing complex project finance, corporate and simulation models, providing expert testimony on financial and economic issues before energy regulatory agencies, and advisory services to support merger and acquisition projects. Our key course expert has written a textbook titled Corporate and Project Finance Modelling, Theory and Practice published by Wiley Finance. The book introduces unique modelling techniques that address many complex issues that are not typically used by even the most experienced financial analysts. For example, it describes how to build user-defined functions to solve circular logic without cumbersome copy and paste macros; how to write function that derives the ratio of EV/EBITDA accounting for asset life, historical growth, taxes, return on investment, and cost of capital; and how to efficiently solve many project finance issues related to debt structuring. He is in the process of writing a second book that describes a series of valuation and analytical mistakes made in finance. This book uses many case studies from Harvard Business School that were thought to represent effective business strategies and later turned into valuation nightmares. Over the course of his career our key course expert has been involved in formulating significant government policy related to electricity deregulation; he has prepared models and analyses for many clients around the world; he has evaluated energy purchasing decisions for many corporations; and, he has provided advice on corporate strategy. His projects include development of a biomass plant, analysis and advisory work for purchase of electricity generation, distribution and transmission assets by the City of Chicago, formulation of rate policy for major metro systems and street lighting networks, advocacy testimony on behalf of low income consumers, risk analysis for toll roads, and evaluation of solar and wind projects. He has constructed many advisory analyses for project finance and merger and acquisition transactions. Lastly, our key course expert was formerly Vice President at the First National Bank of Chicago where he directed analysis of energy loans and also created financial modelling techniques used in advisory projects. He received an MBA specializing in econometrics (with honours) from the University of Chicago and a BSc in Finance from the University of Illinois (with highest university honours). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Telecomms training course description A comprehensive tour of the telecommunications technologies and terminology currently in use, and under development. What will you learn List and describe components of the PSTN. Explain how calls are made over the PSTN Compare analog and digital transmission methods. Describe the technologies within the transport plane. Recognise the benefits of extra features available in today's telephone networks. Telecomms training course details Who will benefit: Anyone new to the Telecommunications industry. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Telecomms training course contents Telephone network architecture Handsets, local loop, distribution points, Local exchanges, main telephone switches, PBXs. Making a call - some basics Telephone call components, how a telephone call works, accessing the local exchange, loop disconnect, DTMF, standards, E.164, PSTN routing, Intelligent Networks, Special Rate Services. Analogue vs Digital Voice characteristics, PSTN bandwidth, analogue signalling, Digital encoding, PCM and the 64k, ADPCM and other voice compression methods. PBXs PABX, Call processing, networking PBXs, PBX facilities, bandwidth, blocking probability and Erlangs, Erlang models, using Erlang tables. Transmission methods Two wire transmission, 64k circuits, Nx64, E1, 2 wire to 4 wire conversion, echo, echo suppression, echo cancellers, twisted pair, coax, fibre optic, power lines, satellite systems, microwave. Signalling Analogue signalling, loop start, earth calling, E&M, AC15. Digital signalling -CAS, robbed bits and E1 slot 16 signalling. Digital signalling CCS, Q.931, SS7, Q.SIG, DPNSS, DASS2. Transport planes PDH, PDH issues, SDH, SDH architecture, SDH standards, SDH bit rates, SDH mulitplexors, DWDM. Networks Circuit Switched Networks, TDM, Packet Switched Networks, Frame Relay, Message Switching, Circuit Switching, STDM, Cell Switching, ATM, ATM cells, ATM traffic parameters, ATM QoS, MPLS. Other network access Modems, modulation, speeds, ISDN, BRI, PRI, xDSL, SDSL, ADSL. Other Services Centrex, VPNs, FeatureNet, CTI, Call Processing Systems, Voice Mail, Automated Attendant Systems, Interactive Voice Response, Call Management Systems, Call Conferencing, Star Services. Mobile communications 3 types of wireless telephone, mobile generations, base stations, cells, GSM, GPRS, 3G, UMTS, WCDMA, 4G, LTE. VoIP overview What is VoIP, VoIP benefits, What is IP? The IP header, Packetising voice, VoIP addressing, H.323, SIP, RTP. Bandwidth requirements.