226 Courses in London

This day provides evidence based information on the preparation and performance of spirometry, and includes video demonstrations on spirometry and peak flow to help delegates gain the necessary skills to perform accurate spirometry tests.

This highly practical workshop will help you become a more effective negotiator and learn the skills that master negotiators use.

Students will learn and develop skills needed for a range of financial processes, including maintaining cost accounting records, advanced bookkeeping and the preparation of financial reports and returns.  Course Overview This qualification covers a range of essential and higher-level accounting techniques and disciplines. Students will learn and develop skills needed for a range of financial processes, including maintaining cost accounting records, advanced bookkeeping and the preparation of financial reports and returns. Study the Level 3 Diploma to learn higher accounting techniques and disciplines and qualify for AAT bookkeeping membership (AATQB). The jobs it can lead to: • Accounts assistant • Accounts payable clerk • Audit trainee • Credit controller • Payroll administrator/supervisor • Practice bookkeeper • Finance assistant • Tax assistant • Accounts payable and expenses supervisor Entry requirements: Students can start with any qualification depending on existing skills and experience. For the best chance of success we recommend that students begin their studies with a good standard of English and maths. Course Content: Business Awareness: This unit provides students with an understanding of the business, its environment and the influences that this has on an organisation’s structure, the role of its accounting function and its performance. Students will examine the purpose and types for businesses that exist and the rights and responsibilities of the key stakeholders, as well as gain an understanding of the importance of professional ethics and ethical management within the finance function. Learning outcomes: • Understand business types, structure and governance and the legal framework in which they operate. • Understand the impact of the external and internal environments on business, their performance and decisions. • Understand how businesses and accounts comply with principles of professional ethics. • Understand the impact of new technologies in accounting and the risks associated with data security. • Communicate information to stakeholders. Financial Accounting: Preparing Financial Statements: This unit provides students with the skills required to produce statements of profit or loss and statements for financial position for sole traders and partnerships, using a trial balance. Students will gain the double-entry bookkeeping skills needed to record financial transactions into an organisation’s accounts using a manual bookkeeping system. Learning outcomes: • Understand the accounting principles underlaying final accounts preparation. • Understand the principles of advanced double-entry bookkeeping. • Implement procedures for the acquisition and disposal of non-current assets. • Prepare and record depreciation calculations. • Record period end adjustments. • Produce and extend the trial balance. • Produce financial statements for sole traders and partnerships. • Interpret financial statements using profitability ratios. • Prepare accounting records from incomplete information. Management Accounting Techniques: This unit provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to understand the role of management accounting in an organisation, and how organisations use such information to aid decision making. Students will learn the principles that underpin management accounting methodology and techniques, how costs are handled in organisations and why organisations treat costs in different ways. Learning outcomes: • Understand the purpose and use of management accounting within organisations. • Use techniques required for dealing with costs. • Attribute costs according to organisational requirements. • Investigate deviations from budgets. • Use spreadsheet techniques to provide management accounting information. • Use management accounting techniques to support short-term decision making. • Understand principles of cash management. Tax Processes for Businesses: This unit explores tax processes that influence the daily operations of businesses and is designed to develop students’ skills in understanding, preparing and submitting Value Added Tax (VAT) returns to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC). The unit provides students with the knowledge and skills that are needed to keep businesses, employers and clients compliant with laws and practices that apply to VAT and payroll. Learning outcomes: • Understand legislation requirements relating to VAT. • Calculate VAT. • Review and verify VAT returns. • Understand principles of payroll. • Report information within the organisation. DURATION 250-300 Hours WHATS INCLUDED Course Material Case Study Experienced Lecturer Refreshments Certificate

This English Exam Preparation course is specifically designed for adult learners who are preparing to take an English language proficiency exam, such as IELTS, TOEFL, or Cambridge exams. Participants will focus on developing the necessary skills and strategies to achieve a successful outcome in their chosen exam. Through targeted practice, exam-specific tasks, and personalised feedback, learners will gain confidence and proficiency in all sections of the exam. Course Duration: 12 weeks (48 sessions) Course Objectives: By the end of this course, participants will: 1. Understand the format and requirements of the chosen English language proficiency exam. 2. Develop effective strategies for each section of the exam. 3. Enhance reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills within the context of the exam. 4. Expand vocabulary and improve language accuracy for exam-specific tasks. 5. Practice time management techniques to complete tasks within the allocated time. Course Outline: Week 1: Introduction to the Exam - Introduction to the chosen English language proficiency exam - Overview of the exam format, sections, and scoring criteria - Assessment of participants' current language proficiency and individual learning goals Week 2: Reading Skills and Strategies - Understanding different question types in the reading section - Developing reading skills for comprehension, skimming, and scanning - Practice exercises and strategies to improve speed and accuracy Week 3: Writing Skills and Strategies - Analyzing the writing tasks and requirements of the exam - Developing skills for organising ideas, structuring paragraphs, and coherence - Practice exercises for different writing tasks (essays, reports, letters, etc.) Week 4: Listening Skills and Strategies - Identifying question types and understanding the listening section format - Developing listening skills for main ideas, details, and inference - Practice exercises and strategies for improving listening accuracy and note-taking Week 5: Speaking Skills and Strategies - Understanding the speaking section requirements and assessment criteria - Developing skills for fluency, coherence, and pronunciation - Practice exercises for different speaking tasks (interviews, presentations, etc.) Week 6: Vocabulary Expansion for Exam Tasks - Expanding vocabulary in specific topics and themes relevant to the exam - Practice exercises to reinforce and use new vocabulary effectively - Techniques for deducing meaning from context and using appropriate vocabulary Week 7: Grammar and Language Accuracy - Reviewing and reinforcing essential grammar rules and structures - Identification and correction of common grammar errors in exam tasks - Exercises and activities to improve language accuracy in writing and speaking Week 8: Time Management and Exam Strategies - Strategies for time management and prioritizing tasks during the exam - Practice exercises to improve speed and efficiency in completing tasks - Tips and techniques for maximizing scores in each section Week 9: Mock Exam: Reading and Writing - Simulating a complete reading and writing section of the exam - Timed practice sessions to replicate exam conditions - Detailed feedback and analysis of strengths and areas for improvement Week 10: Mock Exam: Listening and Speaking - Simulating a complete listening and speaking section of the exam - Timed practice sessions to replicate exam conditions - Detailed feedback and analysis of strengths and areas for improvement Week 11: Exam Strategies Review and Practice - Reviewing and reinforcing exam strategies for each section - Targeted practice exercises to address specific challenges and areas of improvement - Individualised feedback and guidance based on participants' performance Week 12: Final Evaluation and Exam Tips - Comprehensive review of all exam sections and strategies - Final evaluation to assess participants' progress and readiness for the exam - Tips for managing test anxiety and mental preparation for the exam Note: This syllabus is a guideline and can be customised based on the specific exam requirements and the needs, interests, and proficiency levels of the participants. The course may also include additional topics or activities to cater to learners' specific goals or areas of focus.

About this training course This 5 full-day course provides a comprehensive understanding of all the commissioning and start-up activities of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler coal power plants. The Commissioning Management System of CFB boiler coal power plants is covered in detail in this course. This includes all the commissioning procedures and documents, purpose of commissioning, responsibilities, system description, organization, working parties, test teams, documentation, testing and commissioning schedules, test reports, safety, plant certification, and plant completion report. The course provides also a thorough understanding of all the commissioning requirements for CFB boiler and auxiliaries, turbines and auxiliaries, generator and auxiliaries, electrical equipment, switchgear equipment, switchgear, and transformers. All the stages of the commissioning procedure are covered in-depth in this course. This includes preparation - planning various activities, pre-commissioning checks and tests, typical commissioning schedule, detailed tests and commissioning procedures and instructions for every component in a coal power plant, instrumentation, trial run of the equipment, safety and precautions, commissioning of CFB boiler coal power plant systems, Safety Rules Clearance Certificates, procedure for the control and handling of defects, Commissioning Reports. This course is a MUST for anyone who is involved in the pre-commissioning or commissioning of any CFB boiler coal power plant equipment because it provides detailed pre-commissioning checks and detailed tests and commissioning procedures and instructions for every component in a CFB boiler coal power plant. In addition, the course provides in-depth coverage of all preparation, planning activities, commissioning schedules, trial run of each CFB boiler coal power plant equipment, safety and precautions, Safety Rules Clearance Certificates, Procedures for handling defects, and Commissioning Reports. Training Objectives Pre-Commissioning Checks and Tests, Detailed Tests and Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Every Equipment in CFB Boiler Coal Power Plants: Gain a thorough understanding of all pre-commissioning checks and tests, and all commissioning procedures and instructions for every equipment in CFB boiler coal power plants Commissioning Management System of CFB Boiler Coal Power Plants: Discover the benefits of the Commissioning Management System of CFB boiler coal power plants including all commissioning procedures and documents, purpose of commissioning, responsibilities, system description, organization, working parties, test teams, documentation, testing and commissioning schedules, test reports, safety, plant certification, and plant completion report Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for CFB Boiler and Auxiliaries in Coal Power Plants: Learn about the commissioning procedures and instructions for CFB boiler and auxiliaries including all commissioning activities, typical commissioning schedule, hydraulic test and wet preservation, air and gas tightness test, trial run of equipment, electronic precipitators, fuel oil system, preparation for first light up, alkali boil - out, acid cleaning and passivation, thermal flow test of economizer, water walls, and superheater, valves, steam boiling, and safety valve setting Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Turbine and Auxiliaries: Gain a thorough understanding of all the commissioning procedures and instructions for turbine and auxiliaries including acid cleaning of oil pipelines, lubrication and governing system (oil flushing and hydraulic testing), jacking oil system, governing system, regenerative system, barring gear, vacuum tightness test, first rolling of turbine and data logging Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Generator and Auxiliaries: Discover all the commissioning procedures and instructions for generator and auxiliaries including generator, seal oil system, hydrogen gas system, stator water system, rolling and payment of generator Commissioning Procedures and Instructions for Electrical Equipment: Learn about all the commissioning procedures and instructions for electrical equipment including switchyard equipment, switchgear, transformers, and motors CFB Boiler Coal Power Plant Equipment and Systems: Learn about various CFB boiler coal power plant equipment and systems including: CFB boilers, superheaters, reheaters, steam turbines, governing systems, deaerators, feedwater heaters, coal-handling equipment, transformers, generators and auxiliaries Target Audience Engineers of all disciplines Managers Technicians Maintenance personnel Other technical individuals Training Methods Your specialist course leader relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught to their own organization. Each delegate will receive a copy of the following materials written by the instructor: 'POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK' second edition published by McGraw-Hill in 2012 (800 pages) Excerpt of the relevant chapters from the 'POWER PLANT EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE GUIDE' published by McGraw-Hill in 2012 (800 pages) CFB BOILER COAL POWER PLANT COMMISSIONING MANUAL (includes practical information about all pre-commissioning checks and tests, typical commissioning schedule, detailed tests and commissioning procedures and instructions for every component and system in CFB boiler coal power plants - 400 pages) Trainer Your specialist course leader has more than 32 years of practical engineering experience with Ontario Power Generation (OPG), one of the largest electric utility in North America. He was previously involved in research on power generation equipment with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited at their Chalk River and Whiteshell Nuclear Research Laboratories. While working at OPG, he acted as a Training Manager, Engineering Supervisor, System Responsible Engineer and Design Engineer. During the period of time, he worked as a Field Engineer and Design Engineer, he was responsible for the operation, maintenance, diagnostics, and testing of gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, motors, transformers, inverters, valves, pumps, compressors, instrumentation and control systems. Further, his responsibilities included designing, engineering, diagnosing equipment problems and recommending solutions to repair deficiencies and improve system performance, supervising engineers, setting up preventive maintenance programs, writing Operating and Design Manuals, and commissioning new equipment. Later, he worked as the manager of a section dedicated to providing training for the staff at the power stations. The training provided by him covered in detail the various equipment and systems used in power stations. In addition, he has taught courses and seminars to more than four thousand working engineers and professionals around the world, specifically Europe and North America. He has been consistently ranked as 'Excellent' or 'Very Good' by the delegates who attended his seminars and lectures. He written 5 books for working engineers from which 3 have been published by McGraw-Hill, New York. Below is a list of the books authored by him; Power Generation Handbook: Gas Turbines, Steam Power Plants, Co-generation, and Combined Cycles, second edition, (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, October 2011. Electrical Equipment Handbook (600 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, March 2003. Power Plant Equipment Operation and Maintenance Guide (800 pages), McGraw-Hill, New York, January 2012. Industrial Instrumentation and Modern Control Systems (400 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Industrial Equipment (600 pages), Custom Publishing, University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Custom Publishing (1999). Furthermore, he has received the following awards: The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by PowerEdge, Singapore, in December 2016 The first 'Excellence in Teaching' award offered by the Professional Development Center at University of Toronto (May, 1996). The 'Excellence in Teaching Award' in April 2007 offered by TUV Akademie (TUV Akademie is one of the largest Professional Development centre in world, it is based in Germany and the United Arab Emirates, and provides engineering training to engineers and managers across Europe and the Middle East). Awarded graduation 'With Distinction' from Dalhousie University when completed Bachelor of Engineering degree (1983). Lastly, he was awarded his Bachelor of Engineering Degree 'with distinction' from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He also received a Master of Applied Science in Engineering (M.A.Sc.) from the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a member of the Association of Professional Engineers in the province of Ontario, Canada. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

PMI-ACP® Exam Prep This course builds on the candidates' practical experience of Agile in the workplace to equip them with the broad range of knowledge and skills required for the PMI® Agile Certification exam. It will follow the PMI® requirements and reference the suggested reading list, including the Agile Practice Guide, but will not be limited to those areas. Within the profession and discipline of project management, Agile continues to develop as a significant and important aspect of bringing change to an organization. Where the products of change must be delivered to the business 'on time,' Agile is often the chosen methodology. In addition to equipping candidates for the PMI® Agile Certification examination, this course will also support candidates in taking a more informed and effective role in Agile projects. It will also enable them to take a significant role in encouraging and enabling the organization to become or develop as an Agile environment. What you will Learn You will learn how to: Appreciate the wider aspects of Agile project management tools and techniques Integrate various disciplines within Agile Tailor / customize Agile to suit the needs of different projects Prepare yourself for the PMI® Agile Certification examination Getting Started Introductions Agenda Expectations Foundation Concepts Defining 'Traditional' Project Management Project management parameters The 'traditional' approach to the parameters Strengths and weaknesses of the traditional approach Defining 'Agile' Project Management Project management parameters revisited The 'agile' approach to the parameters Strengths and weaknesses of agile Managing projects with traditional and agile methods Can the two approaches co-exist? Leveraging the benefits of both methods Options for using both methods on a project Avoiding the elephant traps Key aspects of the PMI® Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP)® Handbook Overview Eligibility requirements Exam information Exam Blueprint Continuing certification requirements Key aspects of the PMI Agile Certification Examination Content Outline Introduction Agile exam content outline Tools and techniques Knowledge and skills Domains and tasks (not examined) An Introduction to Agile and Implementing Agile Definable work vs. high-uncertainty work Project factors that influence tailoring The Agile Manifesto and 12 Principles Agile mindset Agile domains and tasks Agile Tools and Techniques Related to PM 'Hard Skills' Planning, monitoring, and adapting The need for planning, monitoring, and adapting The Agile approach to planning and plans The Agile planning tools and techniques The Agile monitoring tools and techniques The Agile approach to adapting Product quality A definition of 'product quality' Setting the standard for product quality Agile tools and techniques for achieving product quality Risk management A definition of 'risk' What is 'at risk'? The acceptability of risks The Agile tools and techniques for managing risks Agile Tools and Techniques Related to PM 'Soft Skills' The difference between PM 'hard and soft' skills Communications The importance of communications Forms of agile communications Communications within the project Communications from the project Communications to the project Making communications the cultural norm Interpersonal Skills Defining and understanding management Defining and understanding leadership Defining and understanding servant leadership Delegating vs. empowering Playing to people's strengths Overcoming the roadblocks Core Agile Tools and Techniques The philosophy of core Agile tools and techniques Agile estimation Will traditional forms of estimating work for agile? The relationship between estimating and guessing The relationship between estimating and sizing The where, who, and how of agile estimating Agile analysis and design Product analysis and design from a user point of view Product analysis and design from a supplier point of view Product analysis and design from an agile project point of view Value-Based Agile Tools and Techniques The role of value-based tools and techniques in bridging traditional PM with Agile Value-based prioritization Value-based prioritization and agile projects Investment appraisal methods Regulatory driven Customer driven Ranking methods (MMF, MoSCoW) Metrics What should we measure / track? Methods of measuring / tracking Adding value with metrics Process Improvement Value-stream analysis Value-stream mapping Agile Knowledge and Skills Context of Agile Knowledge and Skills vis-à-vis Agile Tools and Techniques Agile Knowledge and Skills Process focused People focused Product focused Project focused Exam Preparation and Course Closure The application process - where are you now? The 'Exam-Focused Journal' - what you still have to do Further preparation - self-study schedule Exam topic review Practice exam Practice exam debrief Course closure

PMI-ACP® Exam Prep: In-House Training This course builds on the candidates' practical experience of Agile in the workplace to equip them with the broad range of knowledge and skills required for the PMI® Agile Certification exam. It will follow the PMI® requirements and reference the suggested reading list, including the Agile Practice Guide, but will not be limited to those areas. Within the profession and discipline of project management, Agile continues to develop as a significant and important aspect of bringing change to an organization. Where the products of change must be delivered to the business 'on time,' Agile is often the chosen methodology. In addition to equipping candidates for the PMI® Agile Certification examination, this course will also support candidates in taking a more informed and effective role in Agile projects. It will also enable them to take a significant role in encouraging and enabling the organization to become or develop as an Agile environment. What you will Learn You will learn how to: Appreciate the wider aspects of Agile project management tools and techniques Integrate various disciplines within Agile Tailor / customize Agile to suit the needs of different projects Prepare yourself for the PMI® Agile Certification examination Getting Started Introductions Agenda Expectations Foundation Concepts Defining 'Traditional' Project Management Project management parameters The 'traditional' approach to the parameters Strengths and weaknesses of the traditional approach Defining 'Agile' Project Management Project management parameters revisited The 'agile' approach to the parameters Strengths and weaknesses of agile Managing projects with traditional and agile methods Can the two approaches co-exist? Leveraging the benefits of both methods Options for using both methods on a project Avoiding the elephant traps Key aspects of the PMI® Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP)® Handbook Overview Eligibility requirements Exam information Exam Blueprint Continuing certification requirements Key aspects of the PMI Agile Certification Examination Content Outline Introduction Agile exam content outline Tools and techniques Knowledge and skills Domains and tasks (not examined) An Introduction to Agile and Implementing Agile Definable work vs. high-uncertainty work Project factors that influence tailoring The Agile Manifesto and 12 Principles Agile mindset Agile domains and tasks Agile Tools and Techniques Related to PM 'Hard Skills' Planning, monitoring, and adapting The need for planning, monitoring, and adapting The Agile approach to planning and plans The Agile planning tools and techniques The Agile monitoring tools and techniques The Agile approach to adapting Product quality A definition of 'product quality' Setting the standard for product quality Agile tools and techniques for achieving product quality Risk management A definition of 'risk' What is 'at risk'? The acceptability of risks The Agile tools and techniques for managing risks Agile Tools and Techniques Related to PM 'Soft Skills' The difference between PM 'hard and soft' skills Communications The importance of communications Forms of agile communications Communications within the project Communications from the project Communications to the project Making communications the cultural norm Interpersonal Skills Defining and understanding management Defining and understanding leadership Defining and understanding servant leadership Delegating vs. empowering Playing to people's strengths Overcoming the roadblocks Core Agile Tools and Techniques The philosophy of core Agile tools and techniques Agile estimation Will traditional forms of estimating work for agile? The relationship between estimating and guessing The relationship between estimating and sizing The where, who, and how of agile estimating Agile analysis and design Product analysis and design from a user point of view Product analysis and design from a supplier point of view Product analysis and design from an agile project point of view Value-Based Agile Tools and Techniques The role of value-based tools and techniques in bridging traditional PM with Agile Value-based prioritization Value-based prioritization and agile projects Investment appraisal methods Regulatory driven Customer driven Ranking methods (MMF, MoSCoW) Metrics What should we measure / track? Methods of measuring / tracking Adding value with metrics Process Improvement Value-stream analysis Value-stream mapping Agile Knowledge and Skills Context of Agile Knowledge and Skills vis-à-vis Agile Tools and Techniques Agile Knowledge and Skills Process focused People focused Product focused Project focused Exam Preparation and Course Closure The application process - where are you now? The 'Exam-Focused Journal' - what you still have to do Further preparation - self-study schedule Exam topic review Practice exam Practice exam debrief Course closure

Level 5 NVQ Diploma in Controlling Lifting Operations - Planning Lifts Appointed Person The Level 5 NVQ Diploma in Controlling Lifting Operations - Planning Lifts qualification provides a nationally recognised qualification for individuals who specialise in planning the preparation of site and work activities and planning the lifting activities using cranes and/or lifting equipment to demonstrate their competence Induction - As soon as you register you will be given a dedicated assessor. They will arrange an induction and together with your assessor you'll get to decide on the pathway which best proves your competency. The induction is used to plan out how you will gather the relevant evidence to complete the course. During the course - The assessor will work with you to build a portfolio of evidence that allows you to showcase your knowledge, skills and experience. The assessor will also regularly review and provide you with feedback. This will allow you to keep on track to progress quickly. You will be assessed through various methods such as observations, written questions, evidence generated from the workplace, professional discussion and witness testimonials. On completion - Once all feedback has been agreed, the Internal Quality Assurer will review your portfolio and in agreement with your assessor the certificate will be applied for. To download our PDF for this course then please click here.

Using trusted, professional brands, this gel polish course guides you through the preparation, application and aftercare information needed so you can perform gel nail treatments safely and confidently. The course will teach you about Gel Polish products and how they work. You will also learn how to apply Gel Polish & how to remove the product. THE REQUIREMENTS Students who attend must hold a minimum of a manicure certificate. Salon attire must be worn during the course. Student must have clean nail without enhancements and long hair tied back. To ensure maximum practice, students will be required to work on each other throughout the day or on own hands. COURSE CONTENT Introduction and treatment benefits. Hygiene, health, and safety Anatomy and physiology. Consultation and record keeping Contraindications to treatment- Nail diseases and disorders, what to look out for and how to recognize these. Product and equipment knowledge Nail preparation Step-by-step demonstration Polish techniques & Troubleshooting Removal Aftercare This is 2 days training. Time 10:00am-5:00pm Price included kit for work, Led Lamp are provided during the course . Certificates will be issued after the completion of the course

Fibre splicing training course description A short, concise hands on fibre optic cable splicing course providing comprehensive coverage of fibre splicing. Over 50% of the course is practical based. What will you learn Prepare cable for splicing. Splice fibre optic cable. Fibre splicing training course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to be able to splice fibre. Prerequisites: None. Duration 1 day Fibre splicing training course contents Fibre optic essential review Fibre cable types. SMF, MMF. Safe working practices. Cable handling issues. Hands on: Handling fibre optic cable. Preparing fibre for splicing Cutting and stripping tools, cleaving methods, fibre cleaning materials. Hands on: Fibre preparation. Splicing Joining fibres, splicers, fusion splicing, mechanical splicing, splicing procedure. cleaving, splicing parameters. Splicing vs. connectors. Which splice? Hands on: Splicing fibre. Splice loss mechanisms End gap, concentricity, end angle, NA mismatch, finish and dirt, coaxiality, Axial run out, core mismatch, back reflection. Testing Testing successful fibre splicing. Hands on: Testing spliced fibre.