Courses in London

In this day and age, it’s crucial to know everything there is to know about international economic sanctions. With AGRC’s Certificate in Sanctions Compliance, you will acquire the theoretical and practical knowledge and skills to comply with any sanction imposed and protect your business from penalties and reputational damage. Over the past several decades, international economic sanctions have become a central instrument in global governance, being employed by both sovereign states and international organisations. More recently, there has been a shift towards ‘smart’ or targeted sanctions that aim at the political and economic elites of targeted countries (e.g., through asset freezes and travel bans) rather than a more comprehensive sanctions approach (e.g., large-scale trade or oil embargoes) that has a detrimental effect on civilian populations. In the era of financial globalisation, such ‘smart’ sanctions entail increased compliance obligations for state institutions and private organisations which, if not met, carry significant fines, penalties, and other adverse consequences. Study method Online, self-paced Duration 25 hours Access to content 365 days Certification Certificate in Compliance Additional info Exam(s) / assessment(s) is included in price Description This certificate provides a thorough understanding of sanctions and an opportunity to explore the recent global trends in economic sanctioning, while tracing the roles of the relevant actors within this complex framework. You will examine the motives and rationale behind such decisions, the effects and consequences experienced not only by the targeted parties but also those doing business with them, either directly or indirectly. The certificate is structured to offer the relevant knowledge with reference to practical examples that will enable for a sanctions compliance strategy to be conducted in an effective manner, essential to mitigating the sanctions risk. Topics Covered • Definition of sanctions • Framework and legal basis • The international framework • Multilateral sanctions • Unilateral sanctions and key sovereign states • The legal and institutional framework • Categories of restrictive measures • Administration of sanctions • Managing and mitigating sanctions risk • Sanctions compliance programmes • Processes and systems • Sanctions screening and evasion Expected Learning Outcomes Upon completing this certification, you will be able to: • Understand sanctions and the importance of compliance • Understand why it’s important to comply • Review and understand the global sanctions framework • Define a sanctions compliance programme and governance framework • Define sanctions lists and screening • Manage alert investigations • Understand sanctions risk • Determine how much your institution is vulnerable to sanctions risks • Apply modern methodologies that will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of your programme • Protect your institution from dealing with embargoed individuals or entities • Understand the best practices for sanctions compliance controls Who is this course for? Financial crime and regulatory compliance professionals Professionals working within the sanctions environment who wish to certify their knowledge Operational staff who need to understand the importance of sanctions compliance Regulators Consultants AML, compliance, and risk professionals Anyone working in financial services interested in attaining a better understanding of how sanctions work Requirements No previous knowledge or experience is required, although it is assumed that participants have good knowledge of English and sound educational background.

Become a financial crime prevention superhero with LGCA’s help! Pick up everything you need to know to join a company’s AML function and start fighting crime with your newfound knowledge and skills. The Certificate in AML provides participants with a thorough understanding of what constitutes Money Laundering (ML) and how financial institutions should respond to increasingly complex attempts by criminal individuals and entities to process proceedings from illegal activities in a manner that enables them to enjoy such illegal proceedings.

Become a financial crime prevention superhero with LGCA’s help! Pick up everything you need to know to join a company’s AML function and start fighting crime with your newfound knowledge and skills. The Certificate in AML provides participants with a thorough understanding of what constitutes Money Laundering (ML) and how financial institutions should respond to increasingly complex attempts by criminal individuals and entities to process proceedings from illegal activities in a manner that enables them to enjoy such illegal proceedings. Study method Online, self-paced Duration 25 hours Access to content 360 days Certification Certificate in Anti Money Laundering (AML) Additional info Exam(s) / assessment(s) is included in price Description About the Certificate Participants will investigate what is ML, what constitutes a risk-based approach in dealing with ML and the relevant policies and procedures that may be adopted by a financial institution as part of a coherent AML Strategy. In addition, participants will be provided with an overall assessment of international economic sanctions and how these are valuable tools in combating ML. The Certificate also offers participants, a practical perspective of how AML attempts have been formally incorporated and have led to the creation of legal frameworks that aim to prevent ML practices. The knowledge obtained by undertaking this Certificate is an invaluable asset for professionals that seek to enhance their career prospects in AML which is becoming an increasingly significant issue for financial institutions. Topics covered • Money laundering methods, techniques, red flags, key risk areas and compliance best practices & checklists • KYC and CDD: Beneficial ownership, money laundering risks in gatekeeper roles, politically exposed persons, and much more • Economic Sanctions and relevant frameworks • Vulnerabilities of Financial Institutions • Legal Framework for AML – A practical perspective • Case Studies and analysis Expected Learning Outcomes • Identify ML-related risks and dangers that need to be dealt with through a rigid AML strategy • Understand ML risk assessment and management and learn how to design a comprehensive AML risk-based approach • Review the relevant processes and procedures that need to be adopted as part of an AML strategy • Gain a practical perspective through a review of the relevant legal framework that covers AML • Understand the importance of sanctions and how these can be utilised as a tool to combat ML Format • Register at any time • Study in your own time and at your own pace (you have up to 3 months to complete the Certificate) • Assessed by an online multiple-choice exam What is included • 25 hours of self-paced online interactive learning including analysis of 5 practical case studies • 1-year free AGRC membership • Online Exam and AGRC Certificate Completion Requirements • Success in all the unit tests. Each unit is allocated two, three or four Multiple Choice questions (MCQs). In total 33 MCQs with a pass mark of 70% and an unlimited number of attempts. Each unit test is 10 minutes. • Success in the final test of 40 MCQs for the completion and award of the Certificate in Anti Money Laundering, issued by the Association of Governance, Risk and Compliance (AGRC). The pass mark is 70% and two attempts are permitted. The final test is 60 minutes. Who is this course for? Individuals who aspire to a career in AML, staff with specific anti-money laundering duties and staff working in financial services who want a comprehensive training in AML. No previous knowledge or experience is required although it is assumed that participants have good knowledge of English and a sound education background. Requirements No previous knowledge or experience is required though it is assumed that participants have good knowledge of English and sound educational background. Career path AML Officer, MLRO, Head of Back Office, Compliance Officer, Risk Manager, Manager, Director

Ten live dialogues between Prof Ernesto Spinelli and International Existential Therapists followed by an Experiential Study Group. A phenomenological approach to re-view psychopathology: We aim to explore the lived experiences of irregular perceptions of reality with an open mind. Each Saturday includes a live dialogue between Prof Ernesto Spinelli and an International Existential Therapist; a moment to share your thoughts and feelings with the teachers; and a final integration facilitated by Bárbara Godoy. This series of ten Dialogues set out to explore the multifaceted dimentions and complexities associated with Existential Therapies. It attempts to engage with various interpretations of insanity through the lens of patients' often painful, confounding, and deeply unsettling life experiences. TIMES AND DATES 2025 25 Jan. “Knots” with Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 2 Feb. “Healing” with Dr. Michael Guy Thompson 22 Mar. “Difference” with Dr. Todd DuBose 12 Apr. “Polarization” with Prof. Kirk Schneider 3 May “Character” with Prof. Robert Romanyshyn 21 Jun. “Opening” with Dr. Yaqui Martinez 19 Jul. “Meaning” with Dr. Jan Resnick 25 Oct. “Invention” with Dr. Betty Cannon 15 Nov. “Hallucination” with Prof. Simon du Plock 13 Dec. “Hysteria” with Bárbara Godoy Full course (including dialogues): £1260 (2 pm to 5 pm – UK time) Only Dialogues: £630 (2 pm to 3 pm – UK time) Venue: Online Zoom Read the full Programme here > Course Organised by:

In this day and age, it’s crucial to know everything there is to know about international economic sanctions. With AGRC’s Certificate in Sanctions Compliance, you will acquire the theoretical and practical knowledge and skills to comply with any sanction imposed and protect your business from penalties and reputational damage.

About this Training Course Reservoir engineering methods, data and models are used in the E&P business to describe and optimise hydrocarbon recovery. This 5 full-day course addresses reservoir engineering concepts and methods to enable cross-disciplinary team work and the smooth exchange of ideas and experience. In this course, participants will gain an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and a broad range of modern reservoir engineering principles and practices for reservoir development and production, including the estimation of oil and gas reserves. The topics covered in this course will be illustrated with practical and actual field cases. Some self-study or reading will be required from participants. Training Objectives By the end of this course, participants will be able to: Describe use of permeability and fluid saturation in reservoir engineering. Explain the assessment of hydrocarbon resources and recoverable reserves estimation. Understand analysis and modelling of fluid behaviour. Explain oil and gas reservoir performance. Describe material balance methods in oil and gas reservoirs. Understand design and analysis of well tests. Understand analysis and production of producing wells and forecasting methods. Describe fluid displacement at the pore and reservoir scale. Explain reservoir simulation approaches. Describe tools for handling the uncertainty in reservoir analysis. Describe various recovery methods from primary to enhanced recovery. Target Audience This course is intended for professionals with prior technical or engineering exposure to exploration and production activities. Targeted participants include geoscientists, production engineers, petrophysicists and petroleum engineers involved with exploration and development of oil & gas reservoirs. The course will also benefit petroleum engineering team leaders as well as IT staff and support staff who work with reservoir engineering, development and production departments. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader is an independent Reservoir Engineering Consultant, providing project consultancy and reservoir engineering training for global customers. He retired from Shell in 2012 and during the last years of his Shell career, he held the Senior Reserves Consultant for the Middle East and Reservoir Engineering Discipline Lead positions. He is a seasoned Petroleum Engineering professional, with global experience in Shell companies and joint ventures (NAM, SSB, SCL, PDO, SKDBV). His technical expertise is in reserves and resource management, reservoir engineering quality assurance, and staff development as well as carbonate reservoirs, modelling and reservoir simulation.  PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2012 to date Independent Reservoir Engineering Consultant Petroleum and reservoir engineering advice, training and services. Reservoir engineering training for major oil companies, engineering firms and other global customers. Assurance of SPE and SEC reserves compliance. Participation in SPE reserves and resources estimation Advanced Technology Workshops both as an organising committee member and as session speaker.   2008 - 2012 Shell International E&P, the Hague, the Netherlands Senior Reserves Consultant for Shell business units and joint ventures in the Middle East Region Assurance of SEC and SPE compliance of reserves and resources. Industry publications and conference contributions a.o. SPE guidelines on probabilistic reserves estimation.   2006 - 2008 Shell E&P Technology Solutions, Rijswijk, the Netherlands Reservoir Engineering Discipline Lead Responsible for Reservoir Engineering in global projects and for staff planning and development (over 60 international Reservoir Engineers).   2001 - 2005 Centre for Carbonate Studies, SQU, Oman / Shell International E&P Applications and Research / Shell Representative Office Oman   Petroleum Engineering Manager PE Manager in the Carbonate Research Centre, a joint venture between Sultan Qaboos University in Oman and Shell International. Industrial research projects and teaching on recovery aspects of carbonate reservoir development.   1997 - 2000 Shell International E&P, Rijswijk, the Netherlands Principal Reservoir Engineer Coordination of the NOV subsurface team in Shell Kazakhstan Development BV in 2000. Leading role in Shell Gamechanger project on natural gas hydrates. Acting Shell Group Reserves Co-ordinator in 1997-1998. Facilitation of workshops with government shareholders, including discussions on sensitive reserves issues (BSP Petroleum Unit Brunei, PDO Oman, SPDC government Nigeria).   1992 - 1996 Shell Training Centre, Noordwijkerhout, the Netherlands Reservoir Engineering Programme Training Director Advanced PE training events, QA/QC, design and delivery of courses to Shell staff.   1985 - 1992 Shell International, SIPM, the Hague, The Netherlands Senior Reservoir Engineer Reservoir simulation, integrated reservoir modelling and gas field development and major contributor to the Shell internal Gas Field Planning Tool development. Full field reservoir simulation projects supporting Field Development Plans, operational strategies and unitisation negotiations for Shell Group Operating Companies in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Egypt.   1984 - 1985 Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Ministry of Economic Affairs Reservoir Engineering Section Head Responsible for Petroleum Engineering advice on oil and gas licences to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. First-hand experience with a government view on resource management.   1976 - 1984 NAM, Assen, The Netherlands and SSB/SSPC, Miri, Malaysia Wellsite Operations Engineer / Operational Reservoir Engineer POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course This 3 full-day course will provide insights into many aspects of operating the modern refinery as a business. This will include technical information on refining processes, crude oils and processing options, the place of the refinery in the value chain, refinery cost structure and management, optimization and profit margin, energy and oil loss reduction. This course will also address important management tools and techniques used for economic evaluations in refineries including future trends. This course will include presentations, simulations, a trading game, and exercises. This is an interactive session where participants can propose relevant topics upfront to discuss during class. This course can be further tailored for inexperienced or experienced personnel. Further customization can also include addressing a specific refinery, plant or unit. The option for post-course consultancy or help-desk support is also available. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives By participating in this highly intensive course, participants will be able to: Understand the main functions in refining processes, configurations and its operating characteristics Analyse the choice of crude, processing options and desired products and product quality parameters Closely review refinery economics and planning, margins, costing & valuation including trading Apply the methodology of refinery optimization and product improvement Gain an application of analytical tools to refinery management, supply chain and their economic drivers Appreciate the current challenges, opportunities and future trends impacting the refining industry Target Audience This course will benefit all refinery technical personnel, operations' process engineers and process managers, technical services engineers and managers, refinery planners, newly-hired refinery personnel and current semi-technical personnel who require introductory training to acquire the broader perspective of refinery economics and supply. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader is a passionate world-class expert with 35 years of international experience in Crude Oil, Refinery Planning and Masterplanning, Process Modelling, LP Modelling and Optimization Best Practices. He has a sound understanding of refinery processes and economics. After retiring from Shell in 2020, he is now a principal consultant for Crude Oil & Refinery Modelling. He enjoys dealing with challenging technical problems and opportunities to deliver value through practical solutions. He has a hands-on mentality, is flexible and builds strong relationship with clients. During his career, he coached many engineers and delivered countless inhouse and external courses on crude oil, hydrocracking and general refinery processes and economics at the Shell Open University and many other client locations. He authored and co-authored several publications and presentations at international conferences and has three patents to his name. He understands how to deliver outstanding services in sometimes difficult cultural and commercial situations, having worked for clients around the world. He works effectively in multi-disciplinary teams, has strong analytical and problem-solving skills as well as excellent consulting, facilitation and interpersonal and multilingual skills. He has an MSc in Chemical & Agricultural Engineering (cum laude) and a BSc in Chemical & Agricultural Engineering from the University Ghent, Belgium. He is currently the Principal Consultant for Crude Oil & Refinery Modeling at Petrogenium, the international, independent, technical consultancy in oil refining, petrochemicals, oil & gas production & renewable resources. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

A starting point to this series of dialogues on insanity, where we will be analyzing R. D. Laings brilliant book "Knots". With Bárbara Godoy We aim to explore the lived experiences on irregular perceptions of reality with an open mind. Each Saturday includes: a live dialogue between Prof. Ernesto Spinelli and an International Existential Therapist; a moment to share your thoughts and feelings with the teachers; and a final integration facilitated by Bárbara Godoy. This series of ten dialogues set out to explore the multifaceted dimentions and complexities associated with Existential Therapies. It attempts to engage with various interpretations of insanity through the lens of patients often painful, confounding, and deeply unsettling life experiences. Knots - between Prof. Ernesto Spinelli and Bárbara Godoy “As a starting point to this series of dialogues on insanity; I wanted to return to R. D. Laings brilliant book which was originally published in 1970. Knots consists of a series of dialogue-scenarios that can be read as poems or brief plays, each demonstrating the intricacies and insanities of human relationships. I would like to expand on Laings insights by exploring the professional relationship between therapist and client as yet another human relationship that, while constantly expanding (and expounding on) its intricacies, might do well to pay more attention to its accompanying insanities.” Prof. Ernesto Spinelli. Prof. Ernesto Spinelli was Chair of the Society for Existential Analysis between 1993 and 1999 and is a Life Member of the Society. His writings, lectures and seminars focus on the application of existential phenomenology to the arenas of therapy, supervision, psychology, and executive coaching. He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society (BPS) as well as an APECS accredited executive coach and coaching supervisor. In 2000, he was the Recipient of BPS Division of Counselling Psychology Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Profession. And in 2019, Ernesto received the BPS Award for Distinguished Contribution to Practice. His most recent book, Practising Existential Therapy: The Relational World 2nd edition (Sage, 2015) has been widely praised as a major contribution to the advancement of existential theory and practice. Living up to the existential dictum that life is absurd, Ernesto is also the author of an on-going series of Private Eye novels. Bárbara Godoy M.A., Adv. Dip. Exi. Psy, UKCP accredited Psychotherapist and Supervisor, MBACP and SEA – Director of Therapy Harley Street. Bárbara’s academic experience in London since 2008 includes lecturing and researching on the theory and practice of Phenomenological Existential Therapy on Doctorate, MA and professional courses at the School of Psychotherapy and Counselling Psychology, Regent’s University and the New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling directed by Emmy van Deurzen. Bárbara has facilitated therapeutic Group Work internationally since 1997. The question about the meaning of Being-Woman was the topic of her thesis completed in 2005 and evolved into two main Women’s Groups: “Nine muses” and “Four Seasons” which she leads in addition to her individual private practice. Currently, as the clinical director of THS, Bárbara leads a team of over 20 professional practitioners in the area of Psychological services and Wellbeing consultancy. Bárbara is also the founder-director of THS’s Personal Development and CPD Programmes. Date and Time: Saturday 25 January from 2 pm to 3 pm – (UK time) Individual Dialogue Fee: £70 Venue: Online Zoom FULL PROGRAMME 2025: 25 January “Knots” with Prof. Ernesto Spinelli and Bárbara Godoy 22 February “Healing” with Dr. Michael Guy Thompson and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 22 March “Difference” with Prof. Tod DuBose and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 12 April “Polarisation” with Prof. Kirk Schneider and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 3 May “Character” with Prof. Robert Romanyshyn and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 21 June “Opening” with Dr. Yaqui Martinez and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 19 July “Meaning” with Dr. Jan Resnick and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 25 October “Invention” with Dr. Betty Cannon and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 15 November “Hallucination” with Prof. Simon du Plock and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli 13 December “Hysteria” with Bárbara Godoy and Prof. Ernesto Spinelli Read the full programme here > Course Organised by:

About this training The Seismic Uncertainty Evaluation (SUE) course has evolved after a number of years of work experience in the sub-surface domain. A common question closely related to well planning is the quantification and qualification of depth uncertainty and robust estimation of the volumetric ranges, and this course addresses these topics. Training Objectives Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to: Define a structured approach toward seismic depth uncertainty analysis Construct data analytics on seismic products (well logs, velocities, and seismic) Classify advance vertical ray tomography on FWI models to assure a drill ready depth seismic, faults, surfaces, and logs Interpret probabilistic volumetric and automatic spill point control, amplitude conformance closures De-risk the depth uncertainty by providing drilling and completion with a risking score card Target Audience This course is intended for individuals who needs to understand the basic theory and procedures for assessment/ quantification/qualification of all drill-ready products (seismic, faults, horizons, etc.) Geologist Geophysicist Reservoir engineer Drilling engineer Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader is a cross-functional Geoscientist and Published Author with 27 years of international experience working in Upstream Petroleum Exploration and Production for Oil and Gas Companies in Australia, India, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and Oman. During his career he actively supported field development, static & dynamic reservoir modelling & well planning, 3D Seismic data acquisition with Schlumberger & SVUL, 3D seismic data processing with CGG & interpretation, Q.I. and field development with Woodside, Applied Geoscience, and Reliance. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this training course The aim of this exclusive 5-days training course is to raise an intermediate level to your knowledge and understanding of international E&P finance and accounting. This is achieved by in-depth examination of international practices and current developments across a broad range of relevant topics. You are encouraged to challenge existing methods as a basis for reviewing procedures and introducing improvements in your own work place. Training Objectives After the completion of this training course, participants will be able to: Enhance your comprehension of accounting and reporting issues unique to the E&P industry with emphasis on the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Improve your understanding of the accounting and reporting of Sales Revenue, Farm In/Farm Out, and Carried Interest Enhance your knowledge of Production Sharing Contracts and Joint Venture Accounting issues including Unitisation & Redetermination Advance your knowledge of the Corporate Budget and Planning process including a review of Key Performance Indicators and Company Strategy Raise your awareness of the E&P business activity for which we are accounting and reporting Target Audience We recommend that, to derive maximum benefit from this course, you should first attend our predecessor Level 1 course. Otherwise, this course is suitable for personnel with a good foundation knowledge in exploration and production accounting. Course Level Intermediate Training Methods The training instructor relies on a highly interactive training method to enhance the learning process. This method ensures that all participants gain a complete understanding of all the topics covered. The training environment is highly stimulating, challenging, and effective because the participants will learn by case studies which will allow them to apply the material taught in their own organization. Course Duration: 5 days in total (35 hours). Training Schedule 0830 - Registration 0900 - Start of training 1030 - Morning Break 1045 - Training recommences 1230 - Lunch Break 1330 - Training recommences 1515 - Evening break 1530 - Training recommences 1700 - End of Training The maximum number of participants allowed for this training course is 25. This course is also available through our Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Trainer Your expert course leader has more than 30 years of experience in the international oil and gas industry, covering all areas of Finance and Audit, including involvement in Commercial roles. During her 19 years with ENI she worked in Italy, Netherlands, Egypt and UK and was CFO for 2 major ENI subsidiaries. She has delivered training courses in Accounting, Audit, Economics and Commercial topics in many Countries. She has a Degree in Economics & Accounting and is a Certified Chartered Accountant. She is also a Chartered Auditor and an International Petroleum Negotiator. Outside of work, she is inspired by the beauty of nature and art, helping disadvantaged people, sports (football, golf) and her cat. Courses Delivered Internationally: E&P Accounting, Auditing in the Oil & Gas Industry Cost Control & Budgeting Introduction to the Oil & Gas Industry Petroleum Project Economics Contracts Strategy International O&G Exploitation Contracts POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations