2227 Courses in London

REXX training course description A hands on training course covering the Restructured EXtended eXecutor (REXX) language. A large number of exercises are used to reinforce and emphasise lecture sessions. What will you learn Write REXX programs. Debug REXX programs. Examine existing code and determine its function. REXX training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn REXX. Prerequisites: None although experience in another high level language would be useful. Duration 3 days REXX training course contents Introduction to REXX What is REXX? REXX environments, invoking a REXX exec, a sample REXX exec, REXX clause types. REXX variables and data Literal data, variable data, assignment, simple variables, compound variables, stem variables, constant data, numeric data, arithmetic operations, character manipulation, hexadecimal data. The parse instruction Parse format, Parse examples, Parse arg, Parse pull, Parse value, special templates, place holders, literal templates, numeric templates, variable templates. Control structures Relational conditions, logical operators, simple selection, looping: uncontrolled and controlled loops, infinite loops, conditional loops, controlling loops, leave, iterate, multiple selection, instructions for subroutines, exit. Sub routines and functions Internal and external subroutines, call, ARG(), ARG(n)return, exit, scope of variables, procedure, functions, built in functions, overriding built in functions. Performing I/O Command conventions, preparing to read a file, execio, limitations, execio for reading, DISKR, DISKRU, DISKW, return codes. External functions listdsi, msg, outtrap, prompt, sysdsn, sysvar, storage Tracing Immediate commands, the trace facility, signal and call statements. Built in functions Text handling functions, string handling, word handling, arithmetic, data conversion, bit manipulation, environment. The data stack Data stack structure, REXX instructions for the data stack, REXX functions for the data stack, TSO/E commands for the data stack. REXX in batch TSO/E foreground. TSO/E background.

This comprehensive course combines teaching of essential phlebotomy theory online and classroom teaching of practical blood-taking skills. This comprehensive 2-day introductory course combines class-based teaching of essential theory in phlebotomy and practical blood-taking skills using simulated limbs. Our expert trainers will lead interactive presentations covering the requisite technical and scientific knowledge for practicing phlebotomy, after which you will spend a day developing your practical blood-drawing skills on simulated limbs. On completing this course, you will receive the UK-accredited Level 3 Certificate and be ready to progress to our Live Bloods Clinic Sessions (Part 2). Entry Requirements None, though all teaching is delivered in English. This course is suitable for: Individuals of any age, background, and level of qualifications seeking to train as phlebotomists Experienced healthcare or medical professionals seeking certification in phlebotomy Those looking for a solid point of entry into the healthcare sector Suitable for Any Background Our carefully designed training pathway provides all the tools you need to become a competent phlebotomist – whatever your age, background or previous experience! Nationally Accredited Level 3 Qualification Complete our online + classroom course and receive a Level 3 Certificate in Introduction to Phlebotomy (FP139) from the national awarding body, OCN Credit4Learning.

Whio is this Course for? Essential to Intermediate Adobe Illustrator Training Ideal for beginners, this course covers vector graphics, logos, icons, and illustrations. Learn typography, color theory, and compositions. Our certified tutors offer personalized guidance, and flexible scheduling options are available to accommodate your needs. Click here for more info: Website Duration: 6 hours Approach: 1-on-1 sessions and custom-tailored content. Schedule: Available Mon to Sat from 9 am to 7 pm, designed to fit your convenience. Course Title: Essential Adobe Illustrator Training Duration: 6 Hours Session 1: Introduction to Adobe Illustrator (1 hour) Overview of Illustrator interface and tools Understanding vector graphics and their advantages Creating and managing artboards Basic shape creation and editing techniques Session 2: Mastering Shapes and Paths (1 hour) Advanced shape manipulation: Pathfinder and Shape Builder tools Working with the Pen tool: curves, anchor points, and handles Creating complex shapes and compound paths Understanding the Appearance panel for object styling Session 3: Typography and Text Effects (1 hour) Text formatting: fonts, styles, and spacing Working with text on paths and shapes Applying text effects and blending modes Creating stylized typography and lettering Session 4: Image Tracing and Live Paint (1 hour) Image tracing techniques: converting raster to vector Live Paint feature for intuitive coloring of objects Creating detailed illustrations using traced images Incorporating images into your vector artwork Session 5: Advanced Illustration Techniques (1 hour) Gradient and pattern fills: customization and application Advanced brush techniques for artistic effects Using the Appearance panel for intricate object styling Incorporating 3D effects and perspective tools Session 6: Project-Based Learning and Q&A (1 hour) Guided hands-on project incorporating learned techniques Instructor-led review and feedback on projects Open Q&A session to address participant queries and challenges Upon completing this course, participants will have gained proficiency in essential and advanced Illustrator techniques, empowering them to create intricate vector graphics, logos, icons, and illustrations efficiently and creatively. Learning Outcomes: Upon completing the course, participants will: Master Illustrator Tools: Proficiency in essential Illustrator tools for vector graphic creation. Creative Expertise: Advanced skills in typography, image tracing, coloring, and intricate illustration techniques. Problem-Solving: Develop problem-solving abilities for complex design challenges. Job Opportunities: Graphic Designer: Create branding materials, logos, and marketing collateral. Illustrator Artist: Produce detailed digital artwork and illustrations for various media. UI/UX Designer: Design user interfaces for websites and mobile applications. Freelance Illustrator: Offer custom vector illustrations for clients and projects. Logo Design Specialist: Craft unique and memorable logos for businesses and brands. Skills Acquired: Participants in the Essential to Intermediate Adobe Illustrator Training will acquire fundamental to intermediate skills in vector graphic design, drawing, and illustration using Adobe Illustrator. Key skills include: Basic to Intermediate Vector Graphic Design Drawing and Illustration Techniques Precision Path Editing and Typography Skills Job Opportunities: Upon completion, individuals can pursue roles such as: Junior Graphic Designer Illustrator Assistant Layout Designer Marketing Material Creator This training lays the foundation for a career in graphic design, enabling participants to contribute effectively to design teams, advertising agencies, and creative projects. Featuring certified instructors with extensive professional expertise in the application. Attend in-person sessions at our center or join live online classes. The training is interactive and practical, blending theory with step-by-step demonstrations on Illustrator software. Delegates practice techniques on both Windows and Mac computers, ensuring universal compatibility. Upon completion, receive a comprehensive Illustrator training guide in your preferred format: printed or PDF. Earn an e-certificate as proof of completing the accredited course. Enjoy lifelong email support for any post-training queries. No prior Illustrator knowledge is needed. Our commitment includes delivering exceptional value, ensuring comprehensive learning, and accommodating both the 2023 version and recent releases of Illustrator.

Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop Masterclass Training, your gateway to Photoshop and Illustrator. Learn with the best software for publishing and marketing materials. This comprehensive training covers Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign, offering step-by-step tutorials tailored for creative professionals. Click here for more info: Website Duration: 10 hours Approach: Individualized, Tailored Content, Flexible Pace, Personal Support Scheduling Flexibility: 1-on-1 sessions from Mon to Sat, 9 am to 7 pm, based on your availability. Course Title: Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator Mastery Workshop Duration: 10 Hours (Divided into 10 Modules) Module 1: Introduction to Adobe Photoshop (1 hour) Familiarization with Photoshop interface and tools Understanding bitmap graphics and resolution Basic image editing techniques (cropping, resizing, color adjustments) Significance of layers in design Module 2: Essential Photoshop Tools (1 hour) Mastery of selection tools (Marquee, Lasso, Magic Wand) Understanding brushes and their settings Introduction to the Pen tool for precise selections Working adeptly with layers and layer styles Module 3: Advanced Image Editing (1 hour) Proficiency in advanced color adjustments (Curves, Levels, Hue/Saturation) Techniques for photo retouching and manipulation Creating composite images using blending modes Application of filters and special effects for creative designs Module 4: Introduction to Adobe Illustrator (1 hour) Exploration of Illustrator interface and tools Working with vector graphics and paths Basic shapes and drawing tools Understanding anchor points and handles Module 5: Creating Vector Artwork (1 hour) Expert use of the Pen tool for precise vector illustration Creating and editing shapes and objects Mastery in handling gradients and patterns Understanding the Appearance panel Module 6: Illustrator Typography (1 hour) Text tools and advanced formatting options Crafting text effects and artistic typography Integration of text with shapes and images Working adeptly with text on a path Module 7: Combining Photoshop and Illustrator (1 hour) Importing Illustrator files into Photoshop and vice versa Efficient use of smart objects and vector shapes in Photoshop Creation of custom brushes and patterns in Illustrator for seamless use in Photoshop Designing posters and flyers by combining elements from both software Module 8: Integration with InDesign (1 hour) Exporting assets from Photoshop and Illustrator for InDesign Crafting layouts in InDesign using assets from both programs Understanding print and digital design nuances Preparing files for printing and online use Module 9: Advanced Techniques and Tips (1 hour) Creating custom actions and automation in Photoshop Mastery in advanced selection techniques Utilizing Illustrator's advanced tools (Pathfinder, Shape Builder, etc.) Exploration of creative design styles and trends Module 10: Final Projects and Portfolio (1 hour) Individual or group projects incorporating Photoshop and Illustrator skills Detailed review and feedback on the projects Preparation of a portfolio showcasing the work   Upon completion of the Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator Mastery Workshop, participants will: Master Advanced Design Techniques: Acquire expert skills in both Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator, delving into advanced tools, filters, and effects for intricate design work. Seamlessly Integrate Software: Learn to seamlessly integrate Photoshop and Illustrator, enabling the creation of dynamic and visually appealing designs by leveraging the unique strengths of both programs. Develop Creative Problem-Solving: Cultivate creative problem-solving abilities by exploring diverse design styles and industry-relevant trends, empowering the creation of innovative and captivating visuals. Construct Professional Portfolios: Gain the expertise to construct professional portfolios, showcasing a diverse range of projects incorporating advanced Photoshop and Illustrator techniques. Collaborate on Real-World Projects: Collaborate effectively on real-world design projects, combining Photoshop and Illustrator skills to produce high-quality marketing materials, promotional content, and digital artwork. Career Opportunities: Upon mastering Photoshop and Illustrator, participants can pursue a range of creative careers, including: Graphic Designer: Craft visually appealing designs for print and digital media, ranging from marketing materials to social media graphics. Digital Illustrator: Create intricate digital illustrations and artworks for various applications, including book covers, digital publications, and games. Web Designer: Develop engaging and user-friendly website layouts and elements, optimizing user experience through appealing visuals. Advertising Artist: Design compelling advertisements for print and online platforms, captivating audiences and promoting brands effectively. Freelance Designer: Work as a freelance designer, taking on diverse projects from clients and agencies, showcasing versatility in both Photoshop and Illustrator skills. By mastering these Adobe tools, participants open doors to a multitude of creative opportunities in the ever-expanding digital design industry. Skills Acquired: Participants in the Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop Masterclass Training will develop advanced skills in vector graphics, digital illustration, and photo manipulation using Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop. Key skills include: Precision Vector Graphic Design in Illustrator Creative Digital Illustration Techniques Advanced Photo Editing and Manipulation in Photoshop Job Opportunities: Upon completion, individuals can pursue roles such as: Graphic Designer Digital Illustrator Advertising Creative Branding Specialist Elevate Your Design Skills: Master Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, crafting stunning graphics, logos, and digital illustrations. Understand design principles, tools, and workflows. Receive a recognized Certificate of Completion and access recorded lessons for future reference. Expert Guidance, Your Schedule: Learn from certified experts, tailored to your timetable-flexible online or in-person sessions, Monday to Sunday, 9 am to 8 pm. Enjoy lifetime email support for seamless learning. Unleash Your Creativity Today: Enroll now to ignite your creative potential in Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop. Elevate your designs effortlessly.

Who is this course for? This course is ideal for individuals interested in learning landscape architecture, emphasizing the planning, design, and management of various outdoor spaces, such as private gardens, public parks, and commercial landscapes. Click here for more info: Website 1-on-1 training, Monday to Saturday, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., or call to book. Tailor your 40-hour course  Option A: AutoCAD, Sketchup, Vray, and Photoshop.  Option B: Rhino, Sketchup, Vray, and Photoshop. Both covering specializes in Planting Plans and Maps. Course Outline - Option A: AutoCAD, Sketchup, Vray, Photoshop (Total: 40 hours) AutoCAD (10 hours): Module 1: Introduction to AutoCAD (2 hours) - Overview of AutoCAD interface and tools - Creating, opening, and saving drawings - Basic drawing and editing commands Module 2: Drawing and Editing (3 hours) - Working with lines, circles, and arcs - Utilizing polylines and polygons - Modifying objects: Move, Copy, Rotate, and Scale Module 3: Precision Drawing (3 hours) - Using coordinate systems for precision - Dimensioning and text incorporation - Hatching and gradients for added detail Module 4: Advanced Tools (2 hours) - Leveraging blocks and attributes - Managing layers and object properties - Creating layouts and preparing for plotting Sketchup (16 hours): (Specializing in Planting Plans, Vegetation Plans, and Maps) Module 1: Introduction to Sketchup (2 hours) - Navigating the Sketchup interface - Grasping basic 2D and 3D modeling concepts - Creating and manipulating objects Module 2: Advanced Modeling (6 hours) - Model intricate garden elements with curves and surfaces - Expertly edit and transform geometry - Specialized focus on Planting Plans, Vegetation Plans, and Maps Module 3: Visualization with Vray (4 hours) - Understanding the Vray rendering engine - Applying materials and textures for realism - Setting up lighting and cameras for realistic rendering Module 4: Image Enhancement with Photoshop (10 hours): - Introduction to Photoshop for design purposes - Editing and enhancing Sketchup and Vray outputs - Creating visually striking presentations Additional Resources: Access free online portfolio design assistance, career growth guidance, and mock interviews to ensure your readiness for the competitive job market. Course Outline - Option B: AutoCAD, Rhino, Vray, Photoshop (Total: 40 hours) AutoCAD (12 hours): Module 1: Introduction to AutoCAD (2 hours) - Overview of AutoCAD interface and tools - Creating, opening, and saving drawings - Basic drawing and editing commands Module 2: Drawing and Editing (3 hours) - Working with lines, circles, and arcs - Utilizing polylines and polygons - Modifying objects: Move, Copy, Rotate, and Scale Module 3: Precision Drawing (3 hours) - Using coordinate systems for precision - Dimensioning and text incorporation - Hatching and gradients for added detail Module 4: Advanced Tools (4 hours) - Leveraging blocks and attributes - Managing layers and object properties - Creating layouts and preparing for plotting Rhino (14 hours): Module 1: Introduction to Rhino (2 hours) - Navigating the Rhino interface - Grasping basic 2D and 3D modeling concepts - Creating and manipulating objects Module 2: Advanced Modeling (6 hours) - Model intricate garden structures with curves and surfaces - Proficiently edit and transform geometry - Build complex 3D structures Module 3: Visualization with Vray (6 hours) - Setting up lights and cameras for garden renders - Exploring rendering settings and options - Post-production and compositing techniques Image Enhancement with Photoshop (8 hours): - Introduction to Photoshop for design purposes - Editing and enhancing Rhino and Vray outputs - Creating visually striking presentations Both Option A and Option B provide comprehensive training in essential design software, with the choice between specialization in Sketchup (Option A) or a broader skill set with Rhino (Option B). Additionally, both options offer access to valuable resources for career preparation. When Can I Book this Training Course? Personalized 1-on-1 training sessions available, allowing for a tailored learning experience. Pre-book your preferred time slot from Monday to Saturday between 9 a.m. and 7 p.m. Alternatively, call 02077202581 to book over the phone. Training Duration 40-hour training program, with the flexibility to split hours based on your ideal learning schedule. Training Method Choose between in-person Face to Face or Live Online 1-on-1 training. Expect personalized attention, flexible learning pace, and individualized support throughout your training. Live Online sessions available over Zoom for added convenience. Enroll in our 1-on-1 Course Today! Comprehensive Training Program Overview Option A: AutoCAD (10 hours) Sketchup (16 hours) (Specializing in Planting Plans, Vegetation Plans, and Maps) Vray (4 hours) Photoshop (10 hours) Option B: AutoCAD (12 hours) Rhino (14 hours) Vray (6 hours) Photoshop (8 hours) Benefits of Option A: Diverse Skillset: Gain expertise in AutoCAD, Sketchup, Vray, and Photoshop for various design fields. Specialization: Focus on Planting Plans, Vegetation Plans, and Maps within Sketchup. Realistic Renderings: Learn Vray for compelling 3D renderings. Image Editing: Enhance images effectively with Photoshop. Career Readiness: Access resources like portfolio design assistance and mock interviews for job market readiness. Benefits of Option B: Versatile Expertise: Master AutoCAD, Rhino, Vray, and Photoshop for various design disciplines. Advanced 3D Modeling: Excel in complex designs with Rhino and 3ds Max. Quality Renderings: Create impressive 3D renderings with Vray. Image Editing Mastery: Perfect design concepts with Photoshop. Additional Training Course Benefits: Compatible with both Mac and Windows operating systems. Price Assurance for exceptional value. Flexible scheduling from Monday to Sunday, 9 am to 8 pm. Lifetime Email and Phone Support. Assistance in configuring your computer for seamless software installation. Referral Benefits, including special discounts for friend referrals and savings on group training courses.

Why choose Vectorworks Evening Training Course? Course Link. This course led by certified expert, this course offers flexibility for evening learning. Choose in-person or live online sessions to master Vectorworks in architecture, interior design, and landscaping. Enroll now even after business hours! Duration: 10 hrs. Method: 1-on-1, Personalized attention. Schedule: Tailor your own schedule by pre-booking a convenient hour of your choice, available from Mon to Sat between 9 am and 7 pm. The Vectorworks course provides comprehensive training in computer-aided design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) using the powerful Vectorworks software. This hands-on, instructor-led course covers 2D drafting, technical drawing, and 3D modeling, enabling participants to apply Vectorworks effectively in real-world projects. Key Features: Hands-on, instructor-led classroom training. Practical Vectorworks CAD projects for real-world application. Part-time evening or weekend options available. 1-2-1 Private learning experience. Module 1: Grasping CAD and Vectorworks Understanding the Role of CAD in Design Getting Acquainted with Vectorworks Software Module 2: Configuring Your Workspace Customizing Your Workspace Essential Options and Preferences Module 3: Mastering Foundational Drawing Skills Techniques for Drawing Object Selection Methods Module 4: Advanced Object Manipulation Merging Shapes Reflecting Objects Rotating Objects Grouping Elements Module 5: Precision Drawing and Scaling Techniques Working with Scale Setting Preferences for Accuracy Creating and Saving Templates Module 6: Achieving Accurate Object Placement Ensuring Drawing Precision Precise Object Movement Module 7: Advanced Editing Methods Utilizing Fillet Tool Applying Offset Function Module 8: Understanding Object Attributes and Groups Basic Attribute Management Editing Object Groups Module 9: Object Duplication Techniques Linear Duplicates Rectangular Duplicates Circular Duplicates Module 10: Crafting Room Plans Designing Walls Incorporating Windows and Doors Module 11: Development of Room Plans Methods for Room Plan Drawing Module 12: Exploring Additional Attributes Hatch Patterns Gradients Image Fills Module 13: Creating Elevation Drawings Elevation Drawing Techniques Effective Approaches Module 14: Importing Images for Graphic Use Graphic Illustration Integrating Images Module 15: Symbols and Resource Handling Symbol Creation Introduction to Resource Browser Module 16: Organizing Drawings Using Design Layers Optimizing Design Layer Utilization Module 17: Labeling Drawings and Title Blocks Drawing Labels Title Block Text Placement Module 18: Plotting and Printing Methods User Interface Navigation and Terminology Printing Approaches Module 19: Generating Drawing Sheets A1, A2, and A3 Sheet Formats Module 20: Utilizing Viewports Effectively Managing Multiple Views Module 21: Professional Model Presentation Techniques Paper Space Presentation Conversion to PDF Formats Module 22: File and Project Management Module 23: Object Display and Terminology Module 24: Objects and Data Management Module 25: Precise Object Placement Object Snapping Quick Selection Module 26: Dividing and Measuring Objects Module 27: Dimensioning and Annotations Module 28: Working with Text Elements Module 29: Customizing Tool Palettes Module 30: Organizing Tool Palettes Module 31: Efficient Tool Palette Usage Module 32: Standard Views and Drawing Techniques Module 33: Drawing Curved Shapes Arcs, Donuts, and Ellipses Drawing Module 34: Real-World Units and Measurements Module 35: Object Manipulation Adjusting Object Angles Module 36: File Handling and Management Saving, Exiting, and Opening Projects Module 37: Creating Mirrored Images Module 38: Introduction to 3D Modeling By the end of the Vectorworks Evening Training Course, participants will: Demonstrate proficiency in using the Vectorworks interface, tools, and navigation. Create and edit 2D drawings, including walls, doors, windows, floors, ceilings, stairs, and railings. Effectively manage layers, classes, and views for organized and controlled object placement. Create and edit dimensions and annotations for accurate measurements and documentation. Develop skills in creating, modifying, and utilizing symbols for increased efficiency. Generate and edit 3D geometry, apply textures, and create sections and elevations from 3D models. Create polished presentation drawings using viewports, annotations, and text for clarity. Summarize course content and confidently apply learned skills in Vectorworks projects. Utilize available resources for further learning and professional development.

This one day masterclass is designed to provide a practical application of the content that is covered within The DEI Playbook and is aimed at anyone tasked with launching and implementing diversity and inclusion within their organisation.

ASP.Net training course description Our hands on ASP.NET training course that will teach students how to create a simple ASP.NET application that delivers dynamic content to the web. The course is applicable for those using C# or VB.NET with ASP.NET. What will you learn Create a web form with server controls Separate page code from content with code-behind pages, page controls, and components. Display dynamic data from a data source by using ADO.NET and data binding. Debug ASP.NET pages by using trace. ASP.Net training course details Who will benefit: Programmers working with ASP.NET. Prerequisites: HTML5 development fundamentals VBNet_course.htm or C++ programming foundation Duration 3 days ASP.Net training course contents Working with ASP.NET Introducing ASP.NET. Creating web forms. Adding ASP.NET code to a page. Handling page events. Using Web Controls Web controls and HTML controls compared. Using intrinsic controls. Using input validation controls. Introduction to user controls. Using trace in ASP.NET pages Overview of tracing. Trace information. Page-level trace and application-level trace. Separating code from content Advantages of partitioning an ASP.NET page. Creating and using code-behind pages. Creating and using components and classes. Inheritance of classes. Interfaces. Using ADO .NET to access data Accessing text files. Overview of ADO .NET Connecting to a data source. Accessing data with DateSets. Using DataViews. Accessing data with DataReaders. Using XML data with a DataSet. Creating an ASP.NET Web Application Requirements of a web application. Sharing information between pages. Securing an ASP.NET application. Web services. Creating a simple web service using Visual Studio.NET Calling a web service using Visual Studio.NET

A special 5-day acting course including voice work, movement, improvisation and scene work led by the amazing Stuart Laing – it is designed for beginner-to-intermediate actors who might be considering making the leap into training professionally.

4G training course description This course is designed to give the delegate an understanding of the technologies used within a 3G UMTS mobile network. During the course we will investigate the UMTS air interface and the use of Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) to facilitate high speed data access, together with HSPA to offer mobile broadband services. We will describe the use of soft handover rather than hard handover procedures and soft capacity sharing. The course includes a brief exploration of the UMTS protocol stack and the use of PDP Context and QoS support features. What will you learn Explain the 3G UMTS architecture. Describe the role of a Drifting & Serving RNC. Explain the use of ARQ & HARQ for mobile broadband. Describe how IMS integrates into the architecture. Describe the use of Media Gateway Controllers. Identify the temporary identities used within 3G UMTS. 4G training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working within the telecommunications area, especially within the mobile environment. Prerequisites: Mobile communications demystified Telecommunications Introduction Duration 2 days 4G training course contents LTE Introduction The path to LTE, 3GPP. LTE to LTE advanced. LTE Architecture The core, Access, roaming. Protocols: User plane, Control plane. Example information flows. Bearer management. Spectrum allocation. LTE technologies Transmission, reception, OFDMA, multiple antenna, MIMO. LTE Air interface Air interface protocol stack. Channels, Resource Grid, cell acquisition. Up and downlink controls. Layer 2 protocols. Cell acquisition Power on, selecting networks and cells. RRC connection. Attach procedure. Mobility management Roaming, RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, cell reselection, handover, interoperation with UMTS and GSM networks. Voice and text IMS, QoS, policy and charging.