478 Courses in Cardiff

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About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT)  This 4 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course will address a variety of contract and loan structuring issues associated with geothermal energy projects as well as comparison with solar, wind and battery storage. The course is designed to investigate how various project finance techniques and contract structures can be used to achieve a competitive power prices while maintaining a satisfactory equity return. Distinctive project finance features of power facilities that depend on geothermal, wind, hydro or solar resources will be evaluated with financial models. The course will cover economic analysis of exploration and development of geothermal facilities and how to incorporate probability of failure and success into an IRR framework. Subsequent sessions will address the theory underlying liquidated damages for delay, and performance as well as design of other incentives that is inherent in different contract structures. Nuanced project finance issues associated with structuring debt for renewable projects will be discussed including under what conditions the DSCR drives debt capacity and when the debt to capital ratio is instrumental. The course will be taught with a combination of theoretical discussions, term sheet review and focused financial models. Training Objectives Evaluation of the economic risks that arise from uncertainty associated with drilling exploration wells and development wells for geothermal projects. Analyse the theoretical issues with computing LCOE for geothermal projects compared to other renewable and non-renewable resources and the importance of cost of capital for renewable projects; Understand differences in contract structures for renewable projects and dispatchable projects and how a single price structure can distort incentives for efficient construction and operation; Understand components of financing that influence the bid price required to meet a required rate of return on equity and can result in relatively low prices with reasonable returns. Understand the importance of debt sizing constraints and what strategies are relevant when the debt to capital constraint applies relative to when the debt service coverage ratio drives the debt size; Understand how to compute P50, P90 and P99 for different projects driven by resource risk; Understand the difference between mean reverting resource variation and estimation mistakes that do not correct as the basis for 1-year P90 and 10-year P90. Understand under what conditions debt sculpting can affect returns and how synthetic sculpting can be used to increase returns when the DSCR constraint applies. Understand the theory of credit spreads, variable rate debt and interest rates in different currencies and compute the implied probability of default that in inherent in credit spreads. Understand how to evaluate the costs to equity investors and the benefits to lenders for various credit enhancements including DSRA accounts, cash flow sweeps and covenants. Course Level Basic or Foundation Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 4 sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Trainer Your expert course leader provides financial and economic consulting services to a variety of clients, he teaches professional development courses in an assortment of modelling topics (project finance, M&A, and energy). He is passionate about teaching in Africa, South America, Asia and Europe. Many of the unique analytical concepts and modelling techniques he has developed have arisen from discussion with participants in his courses. He has taught customized courses for MIT's Sloan Business School, Bank Paribas, Shell Oil, Society General, General Electric, HSBC, GDF Suez, Citibank, CIMB, Lind Lakers, Saudi Aramco and many other energy and industrial clients. His consulting activities include developing complex project finance, corporate and simulation models, providing expert testimony on financial and economic issues before energy regulatory agencies, and advisory services to support merger and acquisition projects. Our key course expert has written a textbook titled Corporate and Project Finance Modelling, Theory and Practice published by Wiley Finance. The book introduces unique modelling techniques that address many complex issues that are not typically used by even the most experienced financial analysts. For example, it describes how to build user-defined functions to solve circular logic without cumbersome copy and paste macros; how to write function that derives the ratio of EV/EBITDA accounting for asset life, historical growth, taxes, return on investment, and cost of capital; and how to efficiently solve many project finance issues related to debt structuring. He is in the process of writing a second book that describes a series of valuation and analytical mistakes made in finance. This book uses many case studies from Harvard Business School that were thought to represent effective business strategies and later turned into valuation nightmares. Over the course of his career our key course expert has been involved in formulating significant government policy related to electricity deregulation; he has prepared models and analyses for many clients around the world; he has evaluated energy purchasing decisions for many corporations; and, he has provided advice on corporate strategy. His projects include development of a biomass plant, analysis and advisory work for purchase of electricity generation, distribution and transmission assets by the City of Chicago, formulation of rate policy for major metro systems and street lighting networks, advocacy testimony on behalf of low income consumers, risk analysis for toll roads, and evaluation of solar and wind projects. He has constructed many advisory analyses for project finance and merger and acquisition transactions. Lastly, our key course expert was formerly Vice President at the First National Bank of Chicago where he directed analysis of energy loans and also created financial modelling techniques used in advisory projects. He received an MBA specializing in econometrics (with honours) from the University of Chicago and a BSc in Finance from the University of Illinois (with highest university honours). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Jenkins training course description An introduction to Continuous Integration and development (CI/CD) in network automation using Jenkins. The course focusses specifically on the network Devops case of using Jenkins. What will you learn Explain how Jenkins can help with network automation. Configure Jenkins for network Devops. Use Jenkins for network automation. Jenkins training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation Duration 1 day Jenkins training course contents What is Jenkins? DevOps, CI/CD, version control systems, git, automating execution of tasks, Jenkins job, Jenkins pipeline, Jenkins plugins, CI server. Hands on Installing Jenkins. Example pipeline for network automation YAML, GitHub, Jenkins, ansible, network devices. Hands on Investigating a workflow: Auto deploying network configurations. Configuring Jenkins Code repository, build triggers, gerrit and reviews, build environment. A Jenkins job, build step, post build actions, running a Jenkins job, build log, home directory. Hands on Configuring Jenkins. CI using Jenkins Branches, pipeline, git, the git plugin. Hands on A Jenkins job to poll, build and unit test network configurations.

NETCONF and YANG training course description An introduction to NETCONF and YANG. The course progresses from what they are, why they are needed, and how to configure them onto a more detailed analysis of how NETCONF works and how to read YANG models. What will you learn Recognise the limits and problems of SNMP and the CLI. Describe the relationship between NETCONF and YANG. Configure NETCONF on network devices. Use NETCONF to configure devices. Read YANG models. NETCONF and YANG training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: Network management technologies Duration 1 day NETCONF and YANG training course content What are NETCONF and YANG? Network management and configuration issues. What is NETCONF? What is YANG? Protocols, data models, architecture. Hands on Configuring NETCONF on network devices, using NETCONF. NETCONF NETCONF layers, Secure transport: SSH, Messages: rpc, Operations, Content. Base operations: <get>, <get-config>, <edit-config>, <copy-config>, <delete-config>, <lock>,<unlock>, <close-session>, <kill-session> NETCONF datastores: :candidate, :startup, running. Hands on Retrieving a configuration with NETCONF, Editing a configuration with NETCONF. NETCONF more details NETCONF traffic flows, NETCONF capabilities, hello, capabilities exchange., Filtering data, atomic transactions, validating configurations. Hands on Using NETCONF. YANG YANG models, IETF standard YANG models, tree diagrams, an example: YANG interface management, Module header, Imports and includes, Containers, Lists, leaves, Data types, typedef, Instance data, XML. Hands on Reading YANG data models, creating a configuration instance.

Essential SD-WAN training course description SD-WAN is rapidly growing in use. This vendor neutral course starts with an introduction to what SD-WAN is and when it is useful. Each main area of SD-WAN is then studied in more detail to enable delegates to recognise the technologies used in SD-WAN and then use this information to evaluate SD-WAN products. What will you learn Describe what SD-WAN is (and isn't). Explain how SD-WAN works. Evaluate SD-WAN products. Compare and contrast SD-WAN with other technologies such as MPLS, Ethernet, SDN, NFV and WAN optimisation. Essential SD-WAN training course details Who will benefit: Anyone wishing to learn about SD-WAN. Prerequisites: Network fundamentals. Duration 1 day Essential SD-WAN training course contents What is SD-WAN? What is SD and SDN? What is WAN? Branch/ Office. MPLS, MPLS vs Internet, Ethernet, Broadband, LTE/4G, Cable, Satellite. The impact of the cloud. Single console, Dynamic path selection, automation. Why SD-WAN? Single console Network management, orchestration, administration. Example GUI interfaces. Northbound and southbound APIs. Dynamic path selection SD-WAN transports, Overlay networks, security. VPNs, IPsec. QoS and prioritization. Policies, traffic path rules. Application specific routing, bonding, optimisation. Automation Time saving, removing errors. Zero touch, ZOOM, ZTP. The role of the orchestrator. Real time monitoring of the network. APIs. Architecture and products Hardware solutions, software solutions, virtual appliances. Clouds. SD-WAN edge devices, SDWAN controllers, Orchestrators. HA and SD-WAN. Riverbed, Cisco, Juniper, others. Summary SD-WAN doesn't replace MPLS, virtualisation and SD-WAN. Relationship with SDN and NFV. SDWAN versus WAN optimisation.

Agile Business Consortium Scrum Master® Course: In-House Training This two-day course covers the principles and theory of the Scrum framework and the role of the Scrum Master. IIL is an accredited training organization (ATO) and the course is delivered by accredited trainers. APMG's accreditation processes are respected globally and accredited by UKAS. A Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum as defined in The Scrum Guide, and also is the leader who serves the Product Owner, the Development Team, and the Organization. Why APMG - Agile Business Consortium Scrum Master® Course and Certification? The course, syllabus, and learning objectives are based on The Scrum Guide - The Definitive Guide to Scrum: The Rules of the Game - created and maintained by Scrum's creators Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland Increased business (non-IT) focus of course and exercises Developed in partnership with Agile Business Consortium - leaders in promoting and enabling business agility Course is highly interactive to encourage collaboration and reinforce learning objectives Candidates can sit the examination at the end of the training course No recertification requirements. APMG Scrum Master certification does not expire. Successful candidates are entitled to free 1-year membership with the Agile Business Consortium Successful candidates can claim a digital badge and share their success online What You Will Learn At the end of this program, you will be able to: Gain a deep understanding of the Scrum Framework - the theory, practices, roles, rules, and values - as defined in The Scrum Guide Understand, in detail, the role of Scrum Master, and how the role interacts with different members of the Scrum Team and other stakeholders Master the Scrum principles to better understand their application when returning to the workplace Understand how to construct an effective development team with an appropriate mix of skills and experience Know how to act as a servant-leader for the Scrum Team, promoting and enabling self-organization to create high-value products. Learn how to facilitate Scrum Events and remove impediments to the Scrum Team's progress Help Scrum Product Owners shape and refine product backlogs to guide early and incremental delivery of valuable products Drive adoption of the Scrum framework for more effective product and solution development, working with stakeholders and other Scrum Masters to improve its effectiveness Day One Scrum Overview Self-Organization Agile Principles Empirical Product Development Scrum Events The Development Team Scrum Roles Day Two The Product Backlog Sprint Planning and Done Sprint Progress Scrum Simulation Growing as a Scrum Master

DASA DevOps Fundamentals: In-House Training The DASA DevOps Fundamentals™ certification provides the core education necessary to build your DevOps vocabulary and understand its principles and practices. It's the ideal starting point for DevOps journeys, whether you're already familiar with working with Agile and/or DevOps teams or not. Faster software deployment, increased deployment frequency, and higher change success rate are only some of the visible outcomes of practicing DevOps. Organizations such as Netflix, Spotify, and Facebook are transforming IT by successfully implementing DevOps principles. But you don't have to be big to be a DevOps leader. Companies large and small, young and old, have smoothly made the transition and have the proof of success in their pockets. This course will inspire you to serve as a change champion by sharing and using what you learned, and continue to learn, about DevOps to lead and mentor others. A solid understanding of DevOps Fundamentals has helped numerous professionals and organizations how to approach a DevOps journey, not only from a tool and automation perspective but also looking in-depth at the softer side of things. This course provides learners with an extensive introduction to the core Agile DevOps principles. It covers all 12 key knowledge and skill competencies defined by DASA to ensure you acquire a solid knowledge of DevOps concepts and terminology. Multiple cases or scenarios, group discussions, and examples are included in the course to enhance your learning experience. What you will Learn DASA DevOps Fundamentals-certified professionals are able to: Explain the drivers responsible for the emergence of DevOps. Define and discuss the key concepts and principles of DevOps. List and explain the business benefits of DevOps and continuous delivery. Know how teams can translate DevOps principles into tangible practices. Learn about modern operations in a DevOps context. Explain the concepts of test automation, infrastructure automation, and build and deployment automation. Describe how DevOps relates to Lean and Agile methodologies. Get insight into the various organizational DevOps models and architectures. Identify how Cloud and Delivery pipeline automation optimizes and accelerates the ways of working. Discuss the critical success factors for DevOps transformation. Introducing DASA DevOps Fundamentals DASA DevOps Fundamentals An Introduction Case Study - Easy Journey Airways Building the DevOps Context DevOps Evolution Business Benefits of DevOps DASA DevOps Principles Goals and Measurements Knowing DevOps for Individuals T-Shape Profiles DevOps Capabilities by DASA DASA DevOps Certifications Getting Acquainted with DevOps Culture and Behavior Embracing a DevOps Culture Core Elements of a DevOps Culture Implementation of a DevOps Culture Understanding the Value of DevOps for Teams and Organizations Organizational Models Team Autonomy DevOps at Scale Getting Familiar with DevOps Management Practices ITSM Lean Agile Getting Familiar with DevOps Technical Practices Architecture Modern Infrastructure and Cloud Operations Enabling DevOps Team Performance Through Continuous Delivery and Automation Software Delivery Automation Concepts Continuous Delivery Core Concepts Continuous Delivery Automation Concepts Continuous Delivery Automation Focus Topics Measuring the Performance - The Next Steps Analyze the Current Situation Improve Incrementally

About this Training Course This separately bookable 3 full-day course is not designed to skill Oil & Gas engineers to be accountants, but to give the participants the confidence and ability to communicate with accountants and finance managers and to improve their own financial decision making. For technical professionals, a high level of single subject matter expertise is no longer sufficient for superior management performance. Oil & Gas technical professionals who wish to succeed in the resources industry are required to develop skills beyond their core functional knowledge. An understanding of financial information and management, and an awareness of the economic theory that drives value creation, are an integral part of the managers required suite of skills. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives Workshop A: Finance for Non-Finance for Oil & Gas Professionals Attend this industry specific course and benefit from the following: Demystify financial jargon and fully interpret financial statements Understand Balance Sheets and Profit & Loss statements of Oil & Gas companies Discover the crucial distinction between cash flow and profit Understand how to make correct investment decisions using Net present Value and Internal Rate of Return Interpret oil and gas company financial reports using ratio analysis Learn the difference between cash costs and full costing of energy products Learn how to manage working capital for increased shareholder value Workshop B: Petroleum Fiscal Regimes and Applied Finance for Oil & Gas Industry Professionals Attend this advanced Training course to enhance your financial acumen from the following: Build and compare cash flow based models of both production sharing contract projects and royalty regime projects Gain an awareness of the different valuation methods for producing properties and undeveloped acreage Learn the industry specific accounting issues that apply when interpreting oil and gas company financial statements Understand how the physical characteristics of energy assets (e.g. reserves, reservoir quality) are translated into project valuations Learn how the investment analysts value oil and gas stocks and make buy/sell recommendations Target Audience This course is specifically designed for those with a non-finance background training from the Oil & Gas sector and requires only basic mathematical ability as a pre-requisite. It is presented in a manner that reduces the jargon to basic principles and applies them to numerous real-life examples. This course has been researched and developed for Managers, Superintendents, Supervisors, Engineers, Planners, Lawyers, Marketers, Team Leaders and Project Coordinators in the technical and non-technical departments in the Oil and Gas industry. Course Level Basic or Foundation Trainer Your expert course leader has presented over 300 courses and seminars in financial management. He began his career as a graduate in the Corporate Treasury of WMC Ltd having completed a degree in Applied Mathematics and Geology at Monash University. After five years with WMC, he pursued an MBA in finance and accounting at Cornell University in New York. He later gained a PhD in energy policy from the University of Melbourne. He worked for WMC Ltd in Perth as a Senior Financial Analyst in the Minerals Division and subsequently as an Energy Analyst in the Petroleum Division. In April 1997, he established an independent consultancy business providing advice to companies such as Woodside, Shell and Japan Australia LNG (MIMI). He spent many years as a consultant and commercial manager in the North West Shelf Gas project in Western Australia. Since 2006, he has been an Adjunct Fellow at the Macquarie University Applied Finance Centre where he teaches courses in valuation, financial statement modelling, and resources industry investment analysis. His background in geology and mathematics allows him to empathise with those who seek an understanding of finance but are approaching the learning experience with a technical mind. He receives consistently high ratings for his breadth of knowledge of the subject matter. He presents in a lively interactive style using real life examples and cases. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) This 3 half-day Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course highlights the impact of the introduction of renewable energy, digital technologies and new operational flexibility solutions in the electricity trading market. These advancements facilitate unique opportunities and challenges for cross border trading of electricity. Most countries in Asia, have designed their own portfolio of climate actions with an accelerated penetration of renewable energy (or by importing renewable energy into their local grids). These changes are taking place at unprecedented speed and add further complexity to the operation of electricity trading markets, while presenting new opportunities. The Asian market, can tap into its vast potential of solar, wind and geothermal energy sources. A global, unified vision is emerging to support each of countries' energy needs and decarbonization goals. This VILT course will highlight priorities of each country to achieve its energy goals. The main operational flexibilities of each type of renewable resource are discussed in detail. The course also discusses the main components of Power Purchase Agreements and advancements in digitalization and how digital technologies can influence the energy market and cross border electricity trading. Key Takeaways: New Energy Market Design Cross Border Trading PPAs Mechanisms and Examples of PPAs The Increased Penetration of Renewable Resources in the Power Systems and How It Stimulates Cross Border Trading How Digital Innovation Drives Energy Markets and Cross Border Trading Training Objectives Upon completion of this VILT course, participants will be able to: Be familiar with the global vision of One Sun, One World, One Grid Understand the major trends reshaping the energy markets Learn how innovative digital technologies change the energy markets Understand why sustainable energy markets require a tighter coordination between transmission and distribution system operators Engage with each other to design the energy market of the future Target Audience This VILT course will benefit policy makers and regulators from energy agencies, transmission companies and utilities as well as power system engineers and power system operators from control centre and ISO. Training Methods The VILT will be delivered online in 3 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, including time for lectures, discussion, quizzes and short classroom exercises. Course Duration: 3 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (12 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader is a Utility Executive with extensive global experience in power system operation and planning, energy markets, enterprise risk and regulatory oversight. She consults on energy markets integrating renewable resources from planning to operation. She led complex projects in operations and conducted long term planning studies to support planning and operational reliability standards. Specializing in Smart Grids, Operational flexibilities, Renewable generation, Reliability, Financial Engineering, Energy Markets and Power System Integration, she was recently engaged by the Inter-American Development Bank/MHI in Guyana. She was the Operations Expert in the regulatory assessment in Oman. She is a registered member of the Professional Engineers of Ontario, Canada. She is also a contributing member to the IEEE Standards Association, WG Blockchain P2418.5. With over 25 years with Ontario Power Generation (Revenue $1.2 Billion CAD, I/S 16 GW), she served as Canadian representative in CIGRE, committee member in NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada), and Senior Member IEEE and Elsevier since the 90ties. Our key expert chaired international conferences, lectured on several continents, published a book on Reliability and Security of Nuclear Power Plants, contributed to IEEE and PMAPS and published in the Ontario Journal for Public Policy, Canada. She delivered seminars organized by the Power Engineering Society, IEEE plus seminars to power companies worldwide, including Oman, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Portugal, South Africa, Japan, Romania, and Guyana. Our Key expert delivered over 60 specialized seminars to executives and engineers from Canada, Europe, South and North America, Middle East, South East Asia and Japan. Few examples are: Modern Power System in Digital Utilities - The Energy Commission, Malaysia and utilities in the Middle East, GCCIA, June 2020 Assessment of OETC Control Centre, Oman, December 2019 Demand Side management, Load Forecasting in a Smart Grid, Oman, 2019 Renewable Resources in a Smart Grid (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, GCCIA, Saudi Arabia) The Modern Power System: Impact of the Power Electronics on the Power System The Digital Utility, AI and Blockchain Smart Grid and Reliability of Distribution Systems, Cyme, Montreal, Canada Economic Dispatch in the context of an Energy Market (TNB, Sarawak Energy, Malaysia) Energy Markets, Risk Assessment and Financial Management, PES, IEEE: Chicago, San Francisco, New York, Portugal, South Africa, Japan. Provided training at CEO and CRO level. Enterprise Risk methodology, EDP, Portugal Energy Markets: Saudi Electricity Company, Tenaga National Berhad, Malaysia Reliability Centre Maintenance (South East Asia, Saudi Electricity Company, KSA) EUSN, ENERGY & UTILITIES SECTOR NETWORK, Government of Canada, 2016 Connected+, IOT, Toronto, Canada September 2016 and 2015 Smart Grid, Smart Home HomeConnect, Toronto, Canada November 2014 Wind Power: a Cautionary Tale, Ontario Centre for Public Policy, 2010 POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Portfolio Management Skills: In-House Training The main purpose of this workshop is to equip and enable people in a portfolio management office and PMO to effectively and efficiently support the Executive Leadership and Operational Management to plan, implement, manage, and evolve portfolio management in their organization. There is a deliberate focus on preparing you to become a strong and effective change advocate for meaningful portfolio management that delivers objective measurements of benefit contribution towards the strategic objectives to lead, manage, and continuously improve portfolio management governance, processes, and frameworks with and through the direction of a portfolio practice, principles, and delivery boards. What you Will Learn At the end of this program, you will be able to: Articulate the benefits of portfolio management Link the initiatives in an organization with its strategic objectives Participate in the introduction of portfolio management in an organization Create or improve the portfolio governance structure Lead the inventory of ongoing and new initiatives Assist the executives in the prioritization of initiatives through the use of Multi-criteria Analysis and other selection tools Support the executives in balancing the portfolio based on the optimal use of resources and priorities Create a portfolio delivery plan Define thresholds and variance reporting criteria Assist the executives and the financial team in the definition of Stage Gate Funding Lead the Stage Gate reviews Analyze the benefits that are being realized by the initiatives Foundation Concepts Definitions Benefits of Portfolio Management Objectives of Portfolio Management Portfolio Life Cycles Governing the Portfolio Portfolio Governance structure Roles and responsibilities Initial activities when starting portfolio management Prioritizing Initiatives Prioritize purpose Multi-Criteria Analysis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Strategic alignment Balancing the Portfolio Allocating resources and budgets Communicating decisions of initiatives status Planning the Portfolio Planning review cycles Using Stage Gate Funding Setting thresholds and variance reporting Tool examples Managing the Portfolio Delivery Project and Program Life Cycles Stage Gate Reviews Loop back to Prioritize, Balance and Plan Interaction with the Portfolio Delivery Board Project, Program and Functional Managers' roles and responsibilities