147 Courses in Bristol

Definitive VPNs training course description A hands on course covering VPNs from the basics of benefits and Internet vs. Intranet VPNs through to detailed analysis of the technologies involved in VPNs. All the major VPN protocols are covered including PPPoE, L2TP, SSL, IPsec and dynamic VPNs. MPLS L3 VPNs are also covered. What will you learn Describe what a VPN is and explain the difference between different VPN types. Recognise the design and implementation issues involved in implementing a VPN. Explain how the various technologies involved in a VPN work. Describe and implement: L2TP, IPsec, SSL, MPLS L3 VPNs. Evaluate VPN technologies. Definitive VPNs training course details Who will benefit: Network personnel. Prerequisites: IP Security foundation for engineers. Duration 3 days Definitive VPNs training course contents VPN overview What is a VPN? What is an IP VPN? VPNs vs. Private Data Networks, Internet VPNs, Intranet VPNs, Remote access VPNs, Site to site VPNs, VPN benefits and disadvantages. VPN Tunnelling VPN components, VPN tunnels, tunnel sources, tunnel end points, hardware based VPNs, Firewall based VPNs, software based VPNs, tunnelling topologies, tunnelling protocols, which tunnelling protocol should you use? requirements of tunnels. VPN security components Critical VPN security requirements, Encryption and authentication, Diffie Hellman, DES, 3DES, RSA, PKI, Ca server types, pre shared keys versus certificates, Enrolling with a CA, RADIUS in VPNs. PPP Encapsulation, operation, authentication. Hands on Setting up PPPoE and analysing PPP packets. PPTP Overview, Components, How it works, control and data connections, GRE. Hands on Building a PPTP VPN. L2TP Overview, components, how it works, security, packet authentication, L2TP/IPSec, L2TP/PPP, Layer 2 versus layer 3 tunnelling. Hands on Implementing a L2TP tunnel. IPSec AH, HMAC, ESP, transport and tunnel modes, Security Association, use of encryption and authentication algorithms, manual vs automated key exchange, NAT and other issues. Hands on Implementing an IPSec VPN. Intranet VPNs Headers, architecture, label switching, LDP, MPLS VPNs. VPN products and services PE and CPE, management, various VPN products. VPN issues and architectures VPN architectures: terminate VPN before/on/ after/in parallel with firewall, resilience issues, VRRP, performance issues, QoS and VPNs. documentation.

4G & 5G Roaming Scenarios & Procedures course description This course is designed to explain the roaming procedures of modern mobile networks, based on the GSMA roaming specification the course explains all scenarios where a mobile subscriber may find themselves whilst visiting a preferred mobile network partner. Interconnection between MNOs and the use of GRX & IPX as an interworking process. The course will work through the registration & authentication procedure, download of the user profile, the APN configuration & DIAMETER process to verify user authenticity. VoLTE roaming and IMS registration procedures for voice support & SMS delivery will be discussed and explained. What will you learn Architecture Models Technical requirements for interfaces - 4G Roaming Scenarios Technical requirements & recommendations for services Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations Technical Requirements for QoS support Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interfaces - 5G Scenarios Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interworking & Coexistence with E-UTRAN & EPC Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Services Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations 4G & 5G Roaming Scenarios & Procedures course details Who will benefit: Those working in mobile networks. Prerequisites: None. Duration 3 days 4G & 5G Roaming Scenarios & Procedures course contents Architecture Models 4G Evolved Packet System 5G Core Network SGs Interface for CSFB& SMS over SGs Technical Requirements for Interfaces - 4G Roaming Scenarios General requirements for inter-PLMN interfaces Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) IAMETER S8 Interface SGW selection PGW selection GTP Transport Layer engineering S9 interface Implementation requirements Guidelines for DIAMETER over S9 S6a & S6d interface Gy interface Guidelines for DIAMETER over Gy Legacy interworking scenarios VPLMN has not implemented LTE HPLMN has not implemented LTE Co-existence scenarios Possible scenarios 2G/3G roaming agreement only 2G/3G LTE roaming agreement LTE roaming registrations Consequences of different APN approaches when roaming Guidance regarding the APN approach when roaming Inter-RAT handover Handover & access restrictions to/from 2G/3G & LTE (Active mode) Access restriction for 2G/3G and/or LTE (Idle mode) Handover of PDN Connections between GERAN/UTRAN & LTE Handover to/from non-3GPP accesses & LTE Bandwidth considerations ARP considerations at handover from LTE to 2G/3G Tech requirements & recommendations for Services SMS SMS over SGs Voice CSFB Roaming retry for CSFB Roaming Forwarding for CSFB Coexistence of Roaming Forwarding & Roaming Retry Recommended procedures IMS Voice Roaming Architecture Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations Access Control Addressing APN for IMS based services IMS Well Known APN APN for Home Operator Services Gateway Selection Inter-PLMN roaming handover Data off related functionality Emergency Services Emergency PDN connectivity Emergency Call indicator Security GTP Security DIAMETER Security DIAMTER Roaming hubbing Default APN E-UTRA NR Dual Connectivity with EPC GW Selection for E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity TAC/LAC Restriction Guidelines Technical Requirements for QoS support QoS parameters definition QoS Management in the Home Routed architecture QoS control for IMS APN in the S8HR architecture Support of QoS in GRX/IPX QoS Control in Local Breakout architecture Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interfaces - 5G Scenarios General requirements for inter-PLMN interfaces Transport protocol - TCP/IP Serialisation protocol - JSON Interface Definition language - OpenAPI Application Protocol - HTTP2 Inter-PLMN (N32) Interface N32c N32f ALS & IPX HTTP Proxy SMF & UPF in HPLMN & VPLMN Requirements related to Service Based Architecture Naming, addressing & routing for 5G SA roaming SEPP load distribution SEPP administration, naming convention & routing SEPP HTTP redirections Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Interworking & Coexistence with E-UTRAN & EPC Interworking scenarios Coexistence scenarios Inter-RAT Handover Handover & Access restriction between 5GC & EPC Technical Requirements & Recommendations for Services Network slicing Voice, Video & Messaging Location support UE Route Selection Policy Other Technical Requirements & Recommendations Access control IP Addressing DNN for IMS based services Emergency PDU Session Emergency Services Fallback Security Steering of Roaming in 5GS Technical Requirements for QoS support 5G QoS model 5G QoS profile QoS Control

About this Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) The 5 half-day Piping Stress Engineering Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course will systematically expose participants to: The theory and practice of piping stress engineering, with special reference to ASME B 31.1 and ASME B 31.3 Standards. The basic principles and theories of stress and strain and piping stress engineering, through a series of lessons, case study presentations, in-class examples, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and mandatory exercises. Principal stresses and shear stresses which form the backbone of stress analysis of a material. Expressions for these quantities will be derived using vector algebra from fundamentals. Thermal stress-range, sustained and occasional stresses, code stress equations, allowable stresses, how to increase flexibility of a piping system, cold spring. The historical development of computational techniques from hand calculations in the 1950s to the present-day software. Training Objectives On completion of this VILT course, participants will be able to: Identify potential loads the piping systems and categorise the loads to primary and secondary. Determine stresses that develop in a pipe due to various types of loads and how to derive stress-load relationships, starting from scratch. Treat the primary and secondary stresses in piping system in line with the intent of ASME Standards B 31.1 and B 31.3 and understand how the two codes deal with flexibility of piping systems, concepts of self-springing and relaxation/shake down, displacement stress range and fatigue, what is meant by code compliance. Understand the principles of flexibility analysis, piping elements and their individual effects, flexibility factor, flexibility characteristic, bending of a curved beam and importance of virtual length of an elbow in the flexibility of a piping system. Learn stress intensification factors of bends, branch connections and flanges. Understand how the stresses in the material should be controlled for the safety of the piping system, the user and the environment. Examine how codes give guidance to determine allowable stresses, stress range reduction due to cyclic loading, and effects sustained loads have on fatigue life of piping. Confidently handle terminal forces and moments on equipment. Understand the supplementary engineering standards required to establish acceptance of the equipment terminal loads and what can be done when there are no engineering standard governing equipment terminal loads is available and learn the techniques of local stress analysis. Get a thorough understanding of the concepts and the rules established by the ASME B 31.1 and ASME B 31.3 Standards. Perform flange load analysis calculations based on Kellogg's Equivalent Pressure method & Nuclear Code method. Perform the same using a piping stress analysis software and check for flange stresses and leakage. Confidently undertake formal training of piping stress analysis using any commercial software, with a clear understanding of what happens within the software rather than a 'blind' software training and start the journey of becoming a specialist piping stress engineer.   Target Audience The VILT course is intended for: Recent mechanical engineering graduates who desire to get into the specialist discipline of Piping Stress Engineering. Junior mechanical, chemical, structural and project engineers in the industry who wish to understand the basics of Piping Stress Engineering. Engineers with some process plant experience who desire to progress into the much sought-after specialist disciplines of Piping Stress Engineering. Mechanical, process and structural engineers with some process plant experience who desire to upskill themselves with the knowledge in piping stress engineering and to become a Piping Stress Engineer. Any piping engineer with some pipe stressing experience in the industry who wish to understand the theory and practice of Piping Stress Engineering at a greater depth. A comprehensive set of course notes, practice exercises and multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are included. Participants will be given time to raise questions and participants will be assessed and graded based on responses to MCQs and mandatory exercises. A certificate will be issued to each participant and it will carry one of the three performance levels: Commendable, Merit or Satisfactory, depending on how the participant has performed in MCQs and mandatory exercises. Training Methods The VILT course will be delivered online in 5 half-day sessions comprising 4 hours per day, with 2 breaks of 10 minutes per day. Course Duration: 5 half-day sessions, 4 hours per session (20 hours in total). Trainer Your expert course leader is a fully qualified Chartered Professional Engineer with over 40 years of professional experience in Oil & Gas (onshore and offshore), Petrochemical and Mining industries in engineering, engineering/design management and quality technical management related to plant design and construction. At present, he is assisting a few Perth based oil & gas and mining companies in detail engineering, piping stress analysis, feasibility study and business development work related to plant design. He is a pioneer in piping stress engineering in Western Australia. His recent major accomplishments include the following roles and challenges: Quality Technical Support Manager of USD 54 billion (Gorgon LNG Project). This encompassed management of quality technical services connected with Welding, Welding Related Metallurgy, Non-Destructive Examination, Insulation /Refractory /Coating, AS2885 Pipelines Regulatory Compliance and Pressure Vessel Registration. Regional Piping Practice Lead and Lead Piping Engineer of Hatch Associates. In this role, he was responsible for providing discipline leadership to several mining projects for BHP Billiton (Ravensthorpe), ALCOA-Australia (Alumina), Maáden Saudi Arabia (Alumina), QSLIC China (Magnesium), COOEC China (O&G Gorgon). He was actively involved in the development of piping engineering practice in WA, including training and professional development of graduate, junior and senior engineers. This also includes the formation of the Piping Engineering Specialist Group. Lead Piping/Pipe Stress Engineer on ConocoPhillips' (COP) Bayu Undan Gas Recycle, Condensate production and processing platform. He was able to develop several novel design methodologies for the project and provided training to engineers on how to implement them. These methodologies were commended by COP and the underwriters of the project Lloyds Register of Shipping, UK. Creator of Piping Engineering Professional Course aimed at global engineering community. Professional Affiliations: Fellow, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK (IMechE) Fellow, Institution of Engineers, Australia (EA), National Register of Engineers (NER) Member American Society of Mechanical Engineers, USA (ASME) Honorary Life Member, Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka (IESL)   POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

These are the specific locations and timings for your upcoming courses! This 1-day course is all about exploring the art and science of using essential oils to improve wellbeing, cognition and engagement for clients living with dementia. As well as sharing my knowledge I will welcome you to share your experiences and expertise to generate the best outcomes for clients. I’m constantly amazed at the profound connections and improvements I see or hear about from loved ones and care partners during and following aromatherapy massage treatments. This course is specialist training for qualifying or qualified aromatherapists who wish to explore their art and increase confidence working in this rewarding field. Although participants would benefit from attending my “Massaging Persons Living with Dementia” course first, it is not a pre-requisite. Participants can attend this later as part of their CPD to become more inclusive and dementia informed in their practice if they wish. Pre-requisite - for qualified or qualifying aromatherapists “When words escape us – the senses connect to our very essence.” This course is all about blending our aromatherapy and massage art with science to generate the best outcomes for clients who live with dementia. As well as sharing her specialist knowledge about therapeutic interventions for people who live with dementia, Nicolle will be encouraging you to bring your expertise, experience and knowledge to share with the group, be that in the form of studies, case studies, anecdotes or other sources. You will also be asked to bring along a minimum core of essential oils as well as encouraged to bring along your essential oil collection if you wish, to expand the group’s knowledge through playing with new ideas. We will take a close-up look at the benefits of essential oils and how they can improve the quality of life for a person living with dementia, explore gentle massage techniques, and prescribe essential oils in different mediums to best suit a client’s needs safely in a dementia informed way. Although participants would benefit from attending Nicolle’s Massaging Persons Living with Dementia course first, it is not a pre-requisite. Participants can attend this later as part of their CPD to become more inclusive and dementia informed in their practice if they wish. CORNWALL: You can book both the Massaging Persons Living with Dementia course, 0n October 18, 2024, and course and the Aromatherapy for Persons Living with Dementia course, on October 19, 2024, as a package for £350 (a saving of £50) – please choose the option on the checkout. BRISTOL: You can book both the Massaging Persons Living with Dementia course, 0n March 13, 2024, and course and the Aromatherapy for Persons Living with Dementia course, on March 14, 2024, as a package for £350 (a saving of £50) – please choose the option on the checkout. 1-1 TRAINING 1-1 training may be preferable because you would like a personal touch, 1-1 is your preferred style of learning or one of the planned dates does not suit you. 1-1 training provides you with flexibilty of training to suit your specific needs and goals. Please click on the 1-1 training button. It is a good idea to get in touch 1st so that you can confirm a date that is suitable for us both. You can book one-toone training here or by contacting Nicolle by email After successfully completing the course, either in a group or 1-1, qualified therapists will gain CPD points with one or more of the professional bodies. Carers and other professionals will receive a certificate of attendance. ‘The course was far wider than just massage and I have been trying things out with the dementia people in one of the care homes I visit with remarkable results. One lady who just sits and does not interact with anyone happily told us all about the war and what Windsor was like when she was a young girl’ JC, Massage Therapist, Fleet, Hants “An opportunity to learn how to enable people who have dementia feel comfortable about having massage & nurturing touch, learning specialist techniques that reflect understanding the world from your client or loved one’s perspective.”

Server Load Balancing course description This two-day Server Load Balancing course introduces the concepts of SLB from the reasons to implement, through the basics and then onto details studies of load distribution, health checks, layer 7 switching and Global SLB. What will you learn Explain packet paths when implementing SLB. Recognise the impact of different topologies. Evaluate SLB load distribution methods. Describe how load balancers can improve security. Explain how GSLB works. Server Load Balancing course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with SLB. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Server Load Balancing course contents Introduction Concept, reasons, benefits, alternatives. Other features: Security, Caching. SLB concepts Architectures, Virtual servers, real servers, Virtual IP address, health checks. DNS load balancing. Packet walk using SLB. Load balancing 6 modes of bonding and load balancing without SLB. ISP load balancing. Health. Distribution policies: Round Robin, least connections, weighted distributions, response time, other variations. Persistent versus concurrent. Layer 4 switching L2 SLB, L3 SLB, single arm SLB, DSR, more packet walking, TCP versus UDP, Port numbers. Layer 7 switching Persistence. Cookie switching, Cookie hashing, Cookie insertion, URL switching, URL Hashing, SSL. Health checks Layer 3: ARP, ping. Layer 4: SYN, UDP. Layer 7: HTTP GET, Status codes, HTTP keepalives, content verification, SSL. Other application keepalives. What to do after failure and recovery. Security DOS attack protection, SYN attack protection, Rate limiting: connections, transactions. SSL offload. Redundancy Hot standby, Active standby, Active active. Stateful, stateless. VRRP, STP. GSLB Anycasting. DNS, TTL, DNS load balancing, problems with DNS load balancing,. HTTP redirect, health, thresholds, round trip times, location.

HTTP streaming training course description This course looks at the delivery of video streams using HTTP adaptive streaming. Both MPEG DASH and HLS are investigated. Hands on sessions primarily involve using Wireshark to analyse streams. What will you learn Use Wireshark to analyse and troubleshoot HTTP video streams. Explain HTTP adaptive streaming works. Evaluate and compare MPEG DASH and HLS. Use tools to create HTTP adaptive streams. HTTP streaming training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in the broadcast industry. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 2 days HTTP streaming training course contents What is HTTP streaming? The old way. Progressive downloads versus streaming. Why not UDP and RTP for delivery? Adaptive bit rate streaming. Standards. Hands on Base network setup. Using WireShark for HTTP streams. HTTP protocol stack IP, TCP, IPv6. HTTP. HTTP 1.0, HTTP 1.1, HTTP 2.0, HTTP header fields. HTML 5. Hands on Analysing HTTP. Adaptive bitrate streaming principles Chunks, fragments, segments. Manifest files. Encoding, resolution, bitrates. Addressing, relative and absolute URLs, redirection. When does the client switch streams? Switch points. Hands on Walk through of client behaviours on a stream. HTTP streaming architecture Server components, distribution components, client software. CDN, caching, multiple servers. Hands on Analysing CDN and Internet delivery. TCP and HTTP streaming interactions TCP ACK, TCP connections, unicast only. TCP flow control, TCP and performance. Hands on TCP window sizes. MPEG DASH Stakeholders, DASH architecture and model, codec agnostic, XML, Media Presentation Description, Media Presentation, segment formats. Hands on MPEG DASH analysis. HTTP Live Streaming and others Stakeholders. Media segments, media playlists, master playlists. Adobe HTTP dynamic streaming, Microsoft smooth streaming. Hands on Analysing HLS. Tools mp4dash, mp4fragment, libdash. Apple developer tools for HLS. Hands on Creating segmented content. Security HTTPS, encryption, content protection. Hands on Encryption analysis. Summary Choosing a streaming method. Impact of live versus VoD. Web sockets.

OTT TV for engineers course description This course covers OTT TV by primarily looking at the delivery of video streams using HTTP adaptive streaming. Both MPEG DASH and HLS are investigated. Hands on sessions involve using Wireshark to analyse streams as well as crafting segmented content. What will you learn Explain what OTT TV is, and how it works. Describe the OTT TV architecture. Use Wireshark to analyse and troubleshoot OTT video streams. Explain how HTTP adaptive streaming works. Evaluate and compare MPEG DASH and HLS. Use tools to create OTT TV adaptive streams. OTT TV for engineers course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in the broadcast industry. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers. Duration 2 days OTT TV for engineers course contents What is OTT TV? Brodeo providers vs ISPs. Progressive downloads versus streaming. Why not UDP and RTP for delivery? Adaptive bit rate streaming. Standards. Hands on: Base network setup. Using WireShark for HTTP streams. HTTP protocol stack IP, TCP, IPv6. HTTP. HTTP 1.0, HTTP 1.1, HTTP 2.0, HTTP header fields. HTML 5. Hands on: Analysing HTTP. Adaptive bitrate streaming principles Chunks, fragments, segments. Manifest files. Encoding, resolution, bitrates. Addressing, relative and absolute URLs, redirection. When does the client switch streams? Switch points. Hands on: Walk through of client behaviours on a stream. OTT TV streaming architecture Server components, distribution components, client software. CDN, caching, multiple servers. Hands on: Analysing CDN and Internet delivery. TCP and HTTP streaming interactions TCP ACK, TCP connections, unicast only. TCP flow control, TCP and performance. Hands on: TCP window sizes. MPEG DASH Stakeholders, DASH architecture and model, codec agnostic, XML, Media Presentation Description, Media Presentation, segment formats. Hands on: MPEG DASH analysis. HTTP Live Streaming and others Stakeholders. Media segments, media playlists, master playlists. Adobe HTTP dynamic streaming, Microsoft smooth streaming. Hands on: Analysing HLS. Tools mp4dash, mp4fragment, libdash. Apple developer tools for HLS. Hands on: Creating segmented content. Security HTTPS, encryption, content protection. Hands on: Encryption analysis. Summary Choosing a streaming method. Impact of live versus VoD. Web sockets.

Transmission demystified training course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for both telecommunications and data communications with a particular focus on Microwave, SDH, DWDM transmission. The course aims to demystify these technologies by explaining all the buzzwords used in transmission. What will you learn Describe various transmission technologies such as multiplexing and demultiplexing. Explain how Microwave works. Explain how SDH works. Explain how DWDM works. Transmission demystified training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Transmission demystified training course contents Transmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. RF Frequency, wavelength. Distance / range issues, interference, Antenna, power, dB, RF propagation, testing. Microwave transmission What is microwave transmission, point to point communications, line of sight, parabolic antenna, relays, planning considerations, rain and other issues Wired transmissions Copper, Fibre, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. Introduction to SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. SDH6 Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM.tructure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. IP transmission Telecommunications versus data communications, IP transmission, VoIP, MPLS.

Essential optical transmission course description Transmission is the process of sending information along a medium of, copper, fibre or wireless. This course looks at transmission techniques for fibre networks. The course aims to demystify the technologies involved by explaining all the buzzwords used in optical transmission. What will you learn Describe various optical transmission technologies. Explain how SDH and OTN work. Explain how WDM, CWDM and DWDM work. Explain PON, GPON and GEPON. Essential optical transmission course details Who will benefit: Anyone working in telecommunications. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days Essential optical transmission course contents Transmission basics nsmission basics Systems, media, signals. Signal degradation, noise, distortion, attenuation. Digital, analogue. Modulation, encoding. Fibre transmission Fibre vs copper, optical transmission, fibre characteristics, fibre component parts. Multi Mode Fibre (MMF). Single Mode Fibre (SMF). Fibre connections. Lasers. Attenuations, dispersion, optical signal noise ratios (OSNR) and their effects. Channel Spacing and Signal Direction. Limiting factors to single wavelength. SDH Timing and synchronisation of digital signals, the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), service protection with SDH. TDM. Standards, basic units, frames, STM1 frame, bit rates, STM0, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64, STM256, SDH architecture, rings, Add drop multiplexors. SDH network topologies, structure of SDH equipment, SDH synchronisation, protection switching in SDH networks, SDH alarm structure, testing of SDH, equipment and systems, Ethernet over SDH. OTN G.709, OTN interface structure, Optical transport modules, ONNI, OCh, OUT, ODU, OPU. G.709 amendments. WDM overview Multiplexing, TDM, WDM benefits. WDM standards. CWDM vs. DWDM. Four Wave Mixing (FWM). Impact and countermeasures to FWM on WDM. DWDM ITU G.694.1, channel and spacing. Optical Terminal Multiplexers (OTM). Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM). Adding versus dropping. Optical Amplifiers. Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFA). Transponders and Combiners. Optical and Electrical Cross Connects (OXCs/DXCs). Cross Connect types (Transparent/Opaque). Advantages and disadvantages of various Optical cross connects. FTTx Fibre installation and air blown fibre, FTTH, FTTC, FTTN, FTTD, FFTH topologies and wavelengths, active or passive optical network. PON variants Gigabit passive optical network (GPON), Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GEPON), Time division PON (TDM-PON), XG-PON, Wave Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), 1Gbps, 10Gbps, 40Ggps, 100Gbps FSAN (Full Service Access Network) NGA (Next Generation Access), Strategies for TDM-PON to WDM-PON migration, Architecture of NG-PON (hybrid WDM/TDM PON), Additional services than triple play.

SMPTE 2022 training course description SMPTE 2022 is the standard for IP video transport in the broadcast industry. This course covers the seven section of the standard in detail. Particular attention is given to FEC and seamless protection switching areas of the standard. What will you learn Use Wireshark to analyse. SMPTE 2022 streams. Explain the role of FEC in SMPTE 2022. Explain how SMPTE 2022 provides resilience. SMPTE 2022 training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with TV distribution. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 1 day SMPTE 2022 training course contents Introduction What is SMPTE 2022, SMPTE 2022 parts. SDI over IP. Contribution and distribution versus delivery. The SMPTE 2022 protocol stack SMPTE 2022-2 (mapping of MPEG TS into IP) and SMPTE 2022-6 mapping uncompressed video into IP. IP: Best effort, connectionless, DF flag, routers, Diffserv, RSVP. IPv6. UDP: Unreliable, connectionless, broadcasts, multicasts and unicasts. RTP RTP, ports, payloads types, sequence numbers, timestamps. RTP header extensions. RTCP. MPEG2-TS: Elementary streams, transport over IP. FEC Forward Error Correction. SMPTE 2022-1, SMPTE 2022-5. Logical rows and columns. 1D and 2D parity. FEC header format. FEC configuration and choosing dimensions. FEC traffic shaping. Overheads and delays. Seamless protection switching IP failover. SMPTE 2022-7: Sending two matching streams over different paths. Stream synchronization. The HBRMT header. Calculating the packet to switch over. Summary Summary of the 7 sections of the SMPTE 2022 standard. Clock recovery.