REFERENCE CODE 610/0134/X COURSE LEVEL NVQ Level 3 THIS COURSE IS AVAILABLE IN Course Overview Who is this qualification for? This qualification is aimed at those who are involved in either site carpentry including first and second fixing, those who are involved in shopfitting site work or those who carry out shopfitting bench work. The qualification is at level 3 although there may be some units at different levels. Level 3 qualifications are primarily aimed at those who are fully trained and experienced in a wide range of work activities, It is not expected that candidates working in this industry all do the same activities or use the same equipment and machinery so the qualification has been developed to make it as widely available as possible. All work completed must be carried out in accordance with Building Regulations and Industry recognised safe working practices, including the disposal of waste. The qualification is structured to ensure that there is a high degree of flexibility within the pathways and units available and will allow employees from companies of all sizes and specialisms equal opportunity to complete. The qualification consists of 3 pathways. What is required from candidates? Qualifications are also required to indicate the number of hours of teaching someone would normally need to receive in order to achieve the qualification. These are referred to as Guided Learning Hours (GLH). The GLH for this qualification is 404. Pathway 1 Site Joinery, Pathway mandatory units Level Credits Installing bespoke first fixing components in the workplace Installing bespoke second fixing components in the workplace Setting up and using transportable cutting and shaping machines in the workplace Erecting roof structure carcassing components in the workplace Confirming work activities and resources for an occupational work area in the workplace Developing and maintaining good occupational working relationships in the workplace Confirming the occupational method of work in the workplace Conforming to general health, safety and welfare in the workplace Pathway 1 Site joinery – Optional units minimum of 1 unit must be achieved Erecting structural carcassing components in the workplace Maintaining non-structural and structural components in the workplace Pathway 2-Shopfitting site work-Pathway mandatory units Marking out from setting out details for routine shopfitting products in the Summary of the: GQA LEVEL 3 NVQ DIPLOMA IN WOOD OCCUPATIONS (CONSTRUCTION) Installing shopfitting frames and finishings in the workplace Installing shopfitting fitments in the workplace Installing shopfronts and finishings in the workplace Setting up and using transportable cutting and shaping machines in the workplace Confirming work activities and resources for an occupational work area in the workplace Developing and maintaining good occupational working relationships in the workplace Confirming the occupational method of work in the workplace Conforming to general health, safety and welfare in the workplace Pathway 3 – Shopfitting-Bench Work – Pathway mandatory units Producing setting out details for routine shopfitting products in the workplace Marking out from setting out details for routine shopfitting products in the workplace Manufacturing routine shopfitting products in the workplace Confirming work activities and resources for an occupational work area in the workplace Developing and maintaining good occupational working relationships in the workplace Confirming the occupational method of work in the workplace Manufacturing bespoke shopfitting products in the workplace Setting up and using fixed machinery in the workplace Conforming to general health, safety and welfare in the workplace Pathway 3 – Shopfitting – Bench work – Pathway optional units a minimum of 1 unit must be achieved Producing CAD setting out details in the workplace Producing wood and wood-based products using computer numerically controlled/numerically controlled (CNC/NC) machinery in the workplace Producing setting out details for bespoke shopfitting products in the workplace Assessment Guidance: Evidence should show that you can complete all of the learning outcomes for each unit being taken. Types of evidence: Evidence of performance and knowledge is required. Evidence of performance should be demonstrated by activities and outcomes, and should be generated in the workplace only, unless indicated under potential sources of evidence (see below). Evidence of knowledge can be demonstrated though performance or by responding to questions. Quantity of evidence: Evidence should show that you can meet the requirements of the units in a way that demonstrates that the standards can be achieved consistently over an appropriate period of time. Potential sources of evidence: The main source of evidence for each unit will be observation of the candidate’s performance and knowledge demonstrated during the completion of the unit. This can be supplemented by the following types of physical or documentary evidence: Accident book/reporting systems Photo/video evidence Safety records Work diaries Training records Timesheets Audio records Telephone Logs Job specifications and documentation Meeting records Delivery Records Records of toolbox talks Witness testimonies Equipment Correspondence with customers Prepared materials and sites Notes and memos Completed work Please Note that photocopied or downloaded documents such as manufacturers or industry guidance, H&S policies, Risk Assessments etc, are not normally acceptable evidence for GQA qualifications unless accompanied by a record of a professional discussion or Assessor statement confirming candidate knowledge of the subject. If you are in any doubt about the validity of evidence, contact Oscar Onsite Academy
NPORS Appointed Person Course or Training NPORS Appointed Person Lifting Operations Training is aimed at anyone who is required to plan safe systems of work using lifting equipment and to gain the NPORS Appointed Person operator card. The aim of the course is to provide candidates with underpinning knowledge to prepare them for the role and responsibility. It is recommended that prior to attending this course individuals should have some experience of working with lifting equipment, especially mobile cranes. It is important that all delegates have a good understanding of spoken and written English for the appointed person course. NPORS is an approved CSCS Partner Card Scheme, firstly providing evidence that individuals working on construction sites have the appropriate training and qualifications but more importantly for the safe operation of the appointed person. Furthermore, training criteria is based on the approved standards of the Construction leadership Council. Experienced Appointed Person Test For experienced Appointed Persons you must complete a 1 day refresher training course. For refresher training you must have held a certificate or card in the past Appointed Person Course Duration: Experienced Worker Test: 1 day refresher training, maximum of 6 candidates Novice: 5 day’s training, maximum of 6 candidates Location*: Tewkesbury or at our clients’ site nationwide Mileage and accommodation charges may apply Certification NPORS Traditional card – lasts for 5 years and is mainly accepted with housebuilders, utilities, port and marine as proof of competence OR NPORS card with CSCS logo – accepted by all major building contractor’s. The initial card is the RED trained operator card which lasts for 2 years and can be upgraded to BLUE competent operator card further to completion of relevant NVQ. CSCS Health & Safety Test If you require the NPORS Appointed Person Red operator card with the CSCS logo on then you must have completed the operatives health and safety test within the last two years. In house certificates: suitable as proof of operator competence accepted for insurance and HSE compliance. The Appointed Person Course Includes: This Appointed Person Course covers essential legislation, crane appreciation, lifting accessories, and planning lifting operations. It culminates in writing a risk assessment and method statement. Legislation LOLER, PUWER, HASAWA. Codes of practice BS7121. Roles and responsibilities of personnel involved with lifting operations. Crane appreciation, crane types, capabilities and limitations. Duty charts. Crane terminology. Documentation and certification for lifting equipment and lifting accessories. Crane stability/ground conditions. Safe Load Indicators (SLI) and Safe Working Loads (SWL). Lifting accessories. Types of accessories and use. Slinging techniques. Down rating of accessories. Sling angles. Communications. Planning a lifting operation. Writing a risk assessment (end test). Writing a method statement (end test). Appointed Person Training Available 7 days a week to suit your business requirements. VPT have a team of friendly and approachable instructors, who have a wealth of knowledge of lifting equipment and the construction industry We have our own training centre conveniently located close to the M5 junction 9, In Tewkesbury. With its own purpose-built practical training area to simulate an actual working environment for the AP Course. Our Appointed Person training and test packages are priced to be competitive. Discounts are available for multiple bookings We can send a fully qualified NPORS Appointed Person Tester to your site nationwide, to reduce the amount of time away from work Frequently Asked Questions 1. What is the NPORS Appointed Person Lifting Operations Training? This training is designed for individuals required to plan safe systems of work using lifting equipment. It provides the knowledge necessary to prepare for the role and responsibilities of an Appointed Person. 2. Who should take this course? Anyone involved in planning and managing lifting operations, especially those with prior experience with lifting equipment, should take this course. 3. What does the course cover? The course covers legislation, codes of practice, roles and responsibilities, types of cranes, duty charts, lifting accessories, risk assessment, and method statement preparation. 4. How long is the course? The course duration is 5 days for novices and 1 day for experienced individuals seeking a refresher. 5. What certification do I receive upon completion? Participants receive an NPORS Appointed Person operator card, valid for 5 years or an NPORS card with CSCS logo. 6. Are there any prerequisites? Candidates should have a good understanding of English. For the NPORS card with CSCS logo, a CSCS Health & Safety test must have been completed within the last two years. Our more courses: Polish your abilities with our dedicated Lift Supervision Training, Slinger Signaller Training, Telehandler Training, Cat & Genny Training, Plant Loader Securer, Ride-On Road Roller, Abrasive Wheel Training, Lorry Loader Training and Scissor Lift Training sessions. Learn the safe and effective operation of these vital machines, crucial for construction and maintenance tasks. Elevate your skills and career prospects by enrolling in our comprehensive courses today.
Slinger Signaller Training The aim of the NPORS Slinger Signaller Training or Slinger Signaller Course is to provide both theoretical and practical training in the safe and efficient operation of slinging and moving loads using hand signals or radios Guided by the Lift Supervisor. On successful completion of the slinger and signaller course you will be issued with the NPORS Slinger Signaller trained identity card with or without the CSCS Logo or testing can be carried out on your site nationwide or at our training centre in Gloucestershire NPORS Slinger Signaller Test Book with Confidence at Vally Plant Training At Vally Plant Training, we guarantee unbeatable value with our Slinger And Signaller Test Price Match Promise. When you choose us, you can book with confidence, knowing that we will not be beaten on price. If you find a lower price for the same NPORS Slinger and Signaller Worker Test, we’ll match it—ensuring you receive top-quality training at the best possible rate. Click for our terms and conditions Your skills, our commitment—always at the best price. NPORS Slinger Signaller Experienced Worker Test .This test is for operators who have received some form of training in the past or alternatively has been operating as a Slinger Signaller for a period of time. If you are unsure if you qualify to go down the test route please contact us to discuss this in more detail. This test is held at our test centre in Gloucestershire or at your site nationwide. Discounts are available for multiple bookings Turn your Slinger Signaller red card to blue with our hassle free NVQ, for more information CLICK HERE Slinger Signaller Course Duration Novice: 2 days, maximum of 3 candidates Experienced Worker Test: 1 day test only, maximum of 6 candidates. Location: Tewkesbury Training Centre At Our Customers Site*: Our instructors travel throughout the UK to deliver the slinger signaller training *Mileage and accommodation charges may apply Certification NPORS Traditional card – lasts for 5 years and is mainly accepted with housebuilders, utilities, port and marine as proof of competence OR NPORS card with CSCS logo – accepted by all major building contractor’s. The initial card is the RED trained operator card which lasts for 2 years and can be upgraded to BLUE competent operator card further to completion of relevant NVQ. CSCS Health & Safety Test If you require the NPORS Slingers Red operator card with the CSCS logo on then you must have completed the operatives health and safety test within the last two years. In house certificates: suitable as proof of operator competence accepted for insurance and HSE compliance. Slinger Signaller Course Contents: A Slinger Signaller course typically covers a range of topics related to the safe operation of lifting equipment and the signalling procedures involved in crane and lifting operations. While specific course contents may vary depending on the training provider and the regulations of the region, here’s a general outline of what will be included: 1. Introduction to Lifting Operations: Overview of lifting equipment and machinery. Importance of safe lifting operations. Legal and regulatory requirements for lifting operations, LOLLER, PUWER and BS 7121. 2. Roles and Responsibilities of Slinger and Signaller: Duties of the slinger signaller. Understanding the roles of other personnel involved in lifting operations (crane operator, banksman, etc.). Importance of effective communication and coordination. 3. Health and Safety: Risk assessment and hazard identification. Personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements. Safe working practices around lifting equipment and machinery. 4. Lifting Equipment and Accessories: Types of lifting equipment (cranes, hoists, slings, etc.). Inspection and maintenance requirements for lifting gear. Proper selection and use of lifting accessories. 5. Signals and Communication: Standard hand signals for crane operations. Radio communication procedures between Crane Driver & The Slinger and Signaller. Clear and effective communication techniques. 6. Load Identification and Weight Estimation: Methods for identifying loads and determining their weights. Estimating centre of gravity and load stability. 7. Slinging Techniques: Types of slings and their applications. Correct methods for attaching and securing loads. Precautions for different types of loads (e.g., fragile, hazardous). 8. Lifting Operations Planning: Pre-lift checks and planning considerations. Site-specific factors affecting lifting operations (e.g., terrain, weather). Emergency procedures and contingency planning. 9. Practical Exercises and Demonstrations: Hands-on training with lifting equipment and machinery. Practice sessions for signalling and communication. Simulation of real-world lifting scenarios. 10. Assessment and Certification: Written tests to assess theoretical knowledge. Practical assessments of signalling and slinging skills. Certification upon successful completion of the course. It’s essential for the Slinger Signaller Course to provide a balance of theoretical knowledge and practical skills to ensure that participants can effectively carry out their duties as slinger signallers in various lifting operations. Additionally, the course should emphasise the importance of safety and adherence to regulations throughout all aspects of lifting operations. Slinger Signaller Training Available 7 days a week to suit your business requirements. VPT have a team of friendly and approachable instructors, who have a wealth of knowledge of the Slinger Signaller and the construction industry We have our own training centre conveniently located close to the M5 junction 9, In Tewkesbury. With its own purpose-built practical training area to simulate an actual working environment as a slinger signaller Our slinger and signaller training and test packages are priced to be competitive. Discounts are available for multiple bookings We can send a fully qualified NPORS slinger Tester to your site nationwide, to reduce the amount of time away from work Other courses: Master the operation of essential machinery with our Lift Supervision Training, Telehandler Training, Cat & Genny Training, Ride-On Road Roller, Scissor Lift, Abrasive Wheel Training, Lorry Loader Training and Telehandler Training. Elevate your skills for safer and more efficient operations in construction and maintenance projects. Enrol today to advance your career prospects in these industries. Location Advantage: NPORS Slinger Signaller Training Near Me For those looking for a “NPORS Slinger Signaller Training near me,” our widespread operations make it convenient for you to access Vally Plant Trainings top-quality training no matter where you are in the UK
Abrasive Wheels Training Nearly half of the workplace accidents involving abrasive wheels are due to an unsafe work system or operator error. This indicates that many of these incidents can be avoided if the risks of working with abrasive wheels are clearly communicated, and the correct safety measures are adopted, Abrasive Wheels Training will eliminate most accidents with Abrasive Wheels. With the appropriate Abrasive wheels training in place, you could significantly reduce the risk of an injury such as friction burns, crushed fingers and loss of eyesight which are the most common amongst abrasive wheel operators with the misuse of machines. This Abrasive Wheels Training Course is designed to assist in reducing the risk of injury for anyone who uses abrasive wheels at work. It guides you through the different types of abrasive wheels, how to identify and store them, how they should be used safely, and how they should be inspected prior to use. Our Abrasive Wheels Training will give all candidates hands-on practical training. Book with Confidence at Vally Plant Training At Vally Plant Training, we guarantee unbeatable value with our Price Match Promise. When you choose us, you can book with confidence, knowing that we will not be beaten on price. If you find a lower price for the same NPORS Experienced Worker Test, we’ll match it—ensuring you receive top-quality training at the best possible rate. Your skills, our commitment—always at the best price. Abrasive Wheels Course Duration 3-4 Hours Petrol Cut Off Saw 1 Day for all candidates Certification NPORS Traditional card – lasts for 5 years and is mainly accepted with housebuilders, utilities, port and marine as proof of competence OR NPORS card with CSCS logo – accepted by all major building contractor’s. The initial card is the RED trained operator card which lasts for 2 years and can be upgraded to BLUE competent operator card further to completion of relevant NVQ. In house certificates: suitable as proof of operator competence accepted for insurance and HSE compliance. Introduction to Abrasive Wheels Definition of Abrasive Wheels Abrasive wheels are tools used for cutting, grinding, and polishing various materials. They are made from abrasive particles, like grit, bonded together to form a solid wheel. When these wheels spin at high speeds, they can shape or finish different surfaces effectively. Types of Abrasive Wheels Commonly Used in Industry Bonded Abrasive Wheels: These are made by combining abrasive particles with a bonding material to form a solid wheel. Bonded abrasive wheels are typically used for tasks like grinding, cutting, and finishing metal or stone. Coated Abrasive Wheels: These have an abrasive layer attached to a backing material, like paper or cloth. Coated abrasive wheels are commonly used for sanding and smoothing surfaces, often in woodworking or metalworking. Abrasive wheel training is essential for learning how to use these tools safely and effectively. Understanding the different types of abrasive wheels and their applications can help you choose the right wheel for your job, ensuring efficiency and safety. Importance of Proper Training Overview of the Risks Associated with Improper Use Using abrasive wheels without proper training can be very dangerous. The importance of proper training cannot be overstated when it comes to the safe and effective use of abrasive wheels. Improper use of abrasive wheels can lead to serious accidents, such as wheel breakage, which can cause flying debris and severe injuries. Other risks include cuts, burns, and eye injuries from sparks or fragments. Not knowing how to handle the equipment properly can also result in damaged materials and inefficient work, leading to wasted time and resources. Benefits of Trained Versus Untrained Usage Undergoing abrasive wheel training is crucial for several reasons: Safety: Trained individuals know how to handle abrasive wheels safely, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries. They learn to inspect the wheels for damage, choose the right type of wheel for the job, and use protective gear correctly. Efficiency: Training ensures that users understand how to use abrasive wheels effectively, leading to faster and more accurate work. Trained users can achieve better results with less effort and time. Cost-Effectiveness: Proper training helps prevent damage to the wheels and the materials being worked on, saving money on replacements and repairs. It also minimizes downtime due to accidents or improper usage. Compliance: Many industries require certification for using abrasive wheels. Completing abrasive wheel training ensures compliance with safety regulations and industry standards, which is essential for legal and insurance purposes. In summary, abrasive wheel training equips users with the knowledge and skills needed to use abrasive wheels safely and efficiently, making the workplace safer and more productive. Getting Started with Abrasive Wheels Essential Equipment and Setup Before using abrasive wheels, it’s important to have the right equipment and ensure everything is set up properly. Here’s what you need: Protective Gear: Always wear safety goggles, gloves, ear protection, and a dust mask to protect yourself from flying debris, noise, and dust. Abrasive Wheels: Have a selection of abrasive wheels suitable for the tasks you plan to perform. This includes grinding wheels, cutting wheels, and sanding discs. Mounting Equipment: Ensure you have the correct flanges, spacers, and mounting hardware to secure the wheel to the machine properly. Tools and Machines: Use the appropriate tools and machines for your abrasive wheels, such as grinders, sanders, or cut-off saws. Make sure these machines are in good working condition. Work Area: Set up your work area with adequate lighting, ventilation, and space to move around safely. Ensure there are no flammable materials nearby. Completing an abrasive wheels training course will guide you on how to properly set up and use this equipment. Selecting the Right Wheel for the Job Choosing the right abrasive wheel is crucial for getting the job done efficiently and safely. Here’s how to select the right wheel: Material to Be Worked On: Different materials require different types of wheels. For example, use a grinding wheel for metal and a sanding disc for wood. Wheel Specification: Check the specifications of the wheel, including its grit size, bonding material, and hardness. Finer grits are better for finishing, while coarser grits are used for rough grinding. Machine Compatibility: Ensure the wheel is compatible with your machine. Check the wheel’s size, speed rating, and mounting requirements. Type of Task: Match the wheel to the task. Use cutting wheels for cutting, grinding wheels for grinding, and polishing wheels for finishing tasks. Enrolling in a grinding wheel training course can provide detailed guidance on selecting and using the right wheels for different jobs. Proper selection and setup not only improve efficiency but also enhance safety and prolong the life of the abrasive wheels. Safe Operation Techniques Step-by-Step Guide on How to Operate Abrasive Wheels Safely Inspect the Wheel: Before using any abrasive wheel, inspect it for cracks, chips, or other damage. Do not use a damaged wheel. Mount the Wheel Properly: Ensure the wheel is properly mounted on the machine. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for correct mounting and balancing. Check Machine Guards: Make sure all safety guards are in place and functioning correctly. Guards help protect you from flying debris and accidental contact with the wheel. Wear Protective Gear: Always wear safety goggles, gloves, ear protection, and a dust mask to protect against sparks, noise, and dust. Start the Machine Safely: Stand to the side of the machine when starting it, not directly in front of the wheel. Allow the wheel to reach full speed before using it. Use Proper Technique: Apply light, even pressure to the workpiece. Avoid forcing the wheel or using excessive pressure, as this can cause the wheel to break. Maintain Control: Keep a firm grip on the tool or workpiece to prevent it from slipping or catching. Avoid Overheating: Use intermittent cuts and allow the wheel to cool down to avoid overheating, which can weaken the wheel and cause it to break. Regular Breaks: Take regular breaks to avoid fatigue, which can lead to mistakes and accidents. Completing an abrasive wheel training course can provide practical demonstrations of these safety techniques. Comparison with Other Cutting Methods Feature Abrasive Wheels Saws (Circular/Band) Laser Cutters Versatility High: Can cut metals, stone, ceramics. Moderate: Best for wood and certain metals. High: Can cut metals, plastics, composites. Precision High: Provides precise cuts and finishes. Moderate: Effective for straight cuts, less precise for intricate designs. Very High: Capable of intricate designs and clean cuts. Cost Low: Generally cheaper initial and maintenance costs. Moderate: Higher initial cost than abrasive wheels but longer lifespan. High: Expensive initial investment and maintenance costs. Portability High: Many tools are portable for on-site cutting and grinding. Low: Often require stationary setups. Low: Typically not portable and integrated into fixed setups. Safety Risks High: Requires proper training to prevent accidents (e.g., HSE, OSHA). Moderate: High-speed blades can be dangerous, need safety measures. Moderate: Requires specialized training to handle safety risks (e.g., reflective materials). Dust/Debris High: Generates significant dust and debris. Low: Produces less dust and debris. Very Low: Minimal dust and debris, cleaner cutting process. Wear and Tear High: Abrasive wheels wear down with use and need regular replacement. Low: Blades have a longer lifespan, less frequent replacement needed. Low: Lasers do not wear down, but components may need maintenance. Training Availability High: Numerous training courses available (e.g., HSE, OSHA). Moderate: Training available but not as comprehensive as abrasive wheel training. High: Specialized training required for safe operation and maintenance. Compliance High: Training helps meet regulatory requirements (e.g., PUWER 1998). Moderate: Safety training helps meet general safety regulations. High: Requires adherence to safety standards and protocols. Operational Speed Moderate: Suitable for detailed work, not as fast as saws for straight cuts. High: Faster cutting speeds for straight cuts. Moderate: Speed depends on material and thickness, generally slower than saws for thicker materials. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them Using a Damaged Wheel: Mistake: Using an abrasive wheel with cracks or chips. Solution: Always inspect the wheel before use and replace damaged wheels immediately. Improper Mounting: Mistake: Incorrectly mounting the wheel, leading to imbalance and breakage. Solution: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and ensure the wheel is securely mounted. Skipping Protective Gear: Mistake: Not wearing safety gear, increasing the risk of injury. Solution: Always wear the recommended protective equipment, including goggles, gloves, and ear protection. Excessive Pressure: Mistake: Applying too much pressure, which can cause the wheel to break. Solution: Use light, even pressure and let the wheel do the work. Incorrect Wheel for the Job: Mistake: Using the wrong type of wheel for the material or task. Solution: Select the appropriate wheel based on the material and the task. Refer to the specifications and guidelines provided during abrasive wheels training. By understanding and avoiding these common mistakes, you can ensure safer and more efficient use of abrasive wheels. Proper training, like an abrasive wheel course, is essential to master these techniques and avoid potential hazards. Maintenance and Care Tips for Maintaining Abrasive Wheels Regular Cleaning: Clean the abrasive wheels regularly to remove any debris or buildup. Use a brush or compressed air to clean the wheel, ensuring it remains effective and prevents clogging. Proper Storage: Store abrasive wheels in a dry, cool place to prevent moisture damage. Keep them on a flat surface or in a vertical position to avoid warping or deformation. Wheel Dressing: Dress the wheel regularly using a wheel dresser to maintain its shape and expose fresh abrasive particles. This helps keep the wheel sharp and efficient. Avoid Overloading: Do not overload the wheel by forcing it to cut or grind faster than its capacity. Overloading can cause excessive wear and reduce the wheel’s lifespan. Use Correct Speed: Always operate the wheel at the recommended speed. Check the maximum speed rating of the wheel and ensure your machine does not exceed this limit. Balanced Use: Use the entire surface of the wheel evenly to prevent uneven wear. Avoid focusing on one spot for too long, which can create grooves and weaken the wheel. Lubrication: If applicable, use the appropriate lubricant to reduce friction and heat buildup. This can extend the life of the wheel and improve performance. How to Check for Wear and Damage Visual Inspection: Before each use, visually inspect the wheel for cracks, chips, or other damage. A damaged wheel can be dangerous and should be replaced immediately. Sound Test: Perform a sound test by gently tapping the wheel with a non-metallic object (like a wooden handle). A clear ringing sound indicates the wheel is intact, while a dull sound suggests it may be cracked and unsafe to use. Check for Unusual Vibrations: When the wheel is running, check for unusual vibrations or wobbling. This can indicate imbalance or damage. Stop using the wheel if you notice these signs and inspect it further. Measure Wheel Wear: Measure the diameter of the wheel regularly to monitor wear. Replace the wheel when it reaches the minimum usable diameter specified by the manufacturer. Surface Condition: Examine the surface of the wheel for glazing or loading. A glazed wheel appears shiny and smooth, indicating it is worn out and needs dressing or replacement. A loaded wheel is clogged with material and may require cleaning or dressing. Mounting Hardware: Check the flanges, spacers, and other mounting hardware for wear or damage. Ensure they are secure and in good condition to maintain proper wheel alignment. Regular maintenance and careful inspection of abrasive wheels can significantly extend their lifespan and ensure safe, efficient operation. Abrasive wheels training provides detailed guidelines on maintaining and checking wheels for wear and damage, helping users develop good maintenance habits. Health and Safety Guidelines Detailed Safety Precautions and Protective Gear Wear Appropriate Protective Gear: Safety Goggles or Face Shield: Protect your eyes and face from flying debris and sparks. Gloves: Wear sturdy gloves to protect your hands from sharp edges and hot materials. Ear Protection: Use earplugs or earmuffs to protect your hearing from the noise produced by grinding operations. Dust Mask or Respirator: Prevent inhalation of dust and particles, especially when working with materials that produce harmful dust. Apron or Protective Clothing: Wear a durable apron or long-sleeved clothing to shield your body from sparks and debris. Machine Safety Checks: Guarding: Ensure all machine guards are in place and secure before operation. Speed Check: Confirm that the machine’s speed does not exceed the wheel’s maximum rated speed. Work Area: Keep the work area clean and free of clutter to prevent tripping hazards. Safe Operation Practices: Proper Setup: Mount the abrasive wheel correctly, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure it is balanced and secure. Correct Usage: Use the abrasive wheel only for its intended purpose. Avoid side grinding unless the wheel is specifically designed for it. Pressure Application: Apply light, even pressure to avoid overloading the wheel and causing it to break. Regular Inspections: Pre-Use Inspection: Check the wheel for any cracks, chips, or signs of wear before each use. During Use: Monitor the wheel for unusual vibrations or noises, and stop the machine immediately if any issues arise. What to Do in Case of an Accident Immediate Response: Stop the Machine: Turn off the machine immediately to prevent further injury. First Aid: Administer first aid for minor injuries. This may include cleaning cuts, applying bandages, and using cold compresses for burns or abrasions. Seek Medical Help: For serious injuries, seek professional medical assistance immediately. Call emergency services if necessary. Report the Incident: Inform Supervisors: Report the accident to your supervisor or safety officer. Provide details about how the incident occurred and the extent of the injuries. Document the Incident: Fill out an accident report form, including information about the equipment used, the nature of the injury, and any contributing factors. Review and Improve Safety Practices: Incident Analysis: Analyze the accident to determine its cause. Review whether safety protocols were followed and identify any gaps in training or equipment maintenance. Safety Training: Consider additional abrasive wheels training or a refresher course to reinforce safe practices and prevent future accidents. Online courses can be a convenient way to update your knowledge. Preventive Measures: Review Procedures: Ensure that all safety procedures are up-to-date and that all employees are familiar with them. Safety Drills: Conduct regular safety drills to prepare for potential accidents and improve response times. Legal Requirements and Certifications Overview of Relevant Laws and Regulations Using abrasive wheels involves adhering to specific safety laws and regulations to ensure the safety and health of workers. Here’s an overview of the key legal requirements: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): In the United States, OSHA sets standards for the safe use of abrasive wheels. Employers must comply with OSHA regulations, including proper machine guarding, employee training, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER): In the UK, PUWER requires that work equipment, including abrasive wheels, is suitable for its intended use, properly maintained, and only operated by trained personnel. European Safety Standards: In Europe, EN 12413 is the standard for bonded abrasive products. It sets out requirements for safety, marking, and product testing to ensure the safe use of abrasive wheels. Regular Inspections and Maintenance: Laws often require regular inspections and maintenance of abrasive wheels and related machinery to ensure they remain in safe working condition. Record Keeping: Employers must keep records of all training, inspections, and maintenance activities related to abrasive wheels. How to Get Certified in Abrasive Wheels Training Getting certified in abrasive wheels training involves completing a recognized course and passing the necessary assessments. Here’s how you can achieve certification: Find a Training Provider: Look for accredited training providers that offer courses on abrasive wheels. Valley Plant Training is a well-known provider that offers comprehensive abrasive wheel training courses. You can also search for “abrasive wheel training near me” to find local providers or explore online options. Enroll in an Abrasive Wheel Course: Choose a course that covers both theoretical and practical aspects of abrasive wheel safety. The course should include topics such as wheel selection, proper mounting, safe operation techniques, and maintenance. Valley Plant Training offers courses that meet these criteria. Complete the Training: Attend the training sessions and participate actively. Training can be done in-person or online, depending on your preference and availability. Online courses can be convenient and flexible for busy schedules. Pass the Assessment: At the end of the course, you’ll need to pass an assessment to demonstrate your understanding of the material. This may include a written test and a practical demonstration of your skills. Receive Your Abrasive Wheels Certificate: Upon successful completion of the course and assessment, you will receive an abrasive wheels certificate. This certificate is proof that you have been trained in the safe use of abrasive wheels. Regular Refresher Courses: It’s important to stay updated with the latest safety practices and regulations. Consider taking refresher courses periodically to keep your skills and knowledge current. Valley Plant Training also offers refresher courses to help you stay up-to-date. Obtaining an abrasive wheel training certification from Valley Plant Training or another reputable provider not only enhances your safety and efficiency but also ensures compliance with legal requirements. It demonstrates to employers and regulatory bodies that you are qualified to handle abrasive wheels safely and effectively. Frequently Asked Questions What is abrasive wheel training? This is a training course that teaches you how to safely use and take care of machines that have abrasive wheels, like grinders. It covers choosing the right wheel, setting it up, and learning safety rules to prevent accidents. How much does abrasive wheels training cost? The price can change depending on where you are and who’s teaching the course. Generally, it might cost between £150.00 and £250 for the basic training. How long does abrasive wheels training last? Most basic courses take about a day to complete, around 6 to 8 hours. More detailed courses might take longer, especially if they include hands-on practice. Can abrasive wheel training be done online? Yes, you can learn the theory part online at your own pace. For learning how to actually use the wheels, you might need to attend a session in person to get practical experience. What are the two types of abrasive wheels? There are two main kinds: bonded and coated abrasive wheels. Bonded wheels are made of abrasive particles stuck together and are used for tasks like grinding or cutting. Coated wheels have a layer of abrasive glued to a backing material and are used for smoothing surfaces. What are the rules for abrasive wheels? The main rules include setting up the wheel correctly, wearing the right safety gear, checking the wheel regularly for damage, and following specific steps when using it to stay safe. There are also official safety standards you need to follow. Testing Of Candidates We will assess the delegates throughout the course on their levels of participation and understanding, they will demonstrate the inspection of various Abrasive wheels for damage and suitability. Then the delegates will complete a 25 question assessment paper at the end of the course. Successful delegates will be issued with the NPORS operator card Abrasive Wheels Training Covers: The requirements of the HASAW and PUWER and all associated regulations in respect of Abrasive Wheels. Hazards arising from the use of Abrasive Wheels and the precautions that should be taken. How to identify the Abrasive Wheel types and characteristics. Storage, handling and transportation of Abrasive Wheels. Inspecting and testing Abrasive Wheels. Personal protective equipment. Abrasive Wheels Training Available 7 days a week to suit your business requirements. VPT have a team of friendly and approachable instructors, who have a wealth of knowledge of abrasive wheels and the construction industry We have our own training centre for abrasive wheels conveniently located close to the M5 junction 9, In Tewkesbury. With its own purpose-built practical training area to simulate an actual working environment. Our abrasive wheels training and test packages are priced to be competitive. Discounts are available for multiple bookings We can send a fully qualified NPORS abrasive wheels Tester to your site nationwide, to reduce the amount of time away from work Other course: Enhance your skills with our specialized courses, including Lift Supervision Training, Appointed Person Training, Telehandler Training, Cat & Genny Training, Slinger Signaller Training, Lorry Loader Training and Crusher Training. Each program is designed to equip you with the expertise needed for excellence in your field.
Dive into the realm of workplace safety with the 'COSHH Basics for a Safe Working Environment' course, a pivotal step towards mastery in handling hazardous substances. Envision a workspace where safety is paramount, and health risks are expertly managed - this course paves the way to such an environment. Your learning voyage begins with a comprehensive introduction to COSHH, setting a robust foundation in understanding and managing workplace hazards. Progressing through the curriculum, you will uncover the critical aspects of COSHH legislation, gaining insights into the legalities that govern safe handling practices. Advance further, and you'll explore the profound impact of hazardous substances on health, delving into chemical safety and risk assessments. This course is meticulously designed to guide you through the nuances of identifying, evaluating, and controlling workplace hazards. By understanding and implementing good control practices and effective control measures, you will emerge as a custodian of workplace safety, capable of fostering a secure and health-conscious environment. Learning Outcomes Gain comprehensive knowledge of COSHH and its significance. Understand COSHH-related legislation and compliance requirements. Identify the health impacts of hazardous substances. Conduct thorough COSHH risk assessments. Implement and manage effective control measures. Why choose this COSHH Basics for a Safe Working Environment course? Unlimited access to the course for a lifetime. Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by the CPD Quality Standards and CIQ after completing this course. Structured lesson planning in line with industry standards. Immerse yourself in innovative and captivating course materials and activities. Assessments designed to evaluate advanced cognitive abilities and skill proficiency. Flexibility to complete the Course at your own pace, on your own schedule. Receive full tutor support throughout the week, from Monday to Friday, to enhance your learning experience. Unlock career resources for CV improvement, interview readiness, and job success. Who is this COSHH Basics for a Safe Working Environment course for? Workplace safety officers and managers. Employees handling hazardous substances. Health and safety advisors in various industries. Managers overseeing safety protocols. Professionals aiming to enhance their safety expertise. Career path Health and Safety Officer - £25,000 to £40,000 Risk Assessment Manager - £30,000 to £45,000 Environmental Health Officer - £28,000 to £35,000 Compliance Manager - £35,000 to £50,000 Chemical Safety Analyst - £27,000 to £40,000 Workplace Safety Trainer - £25,000 to £38,000 Prerequisites This COSHH Basics for a Safe Working Environment does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning.This COSHH Basics for a Safe Working Environment was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Certification After studying the course materials, there will be a written assignment test which you can take at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £4.99 Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £8. Course Curriculum Module 01: Introduction to COSHH Introduction to COSHH 00:23:00 Module 02: COSHH Legislations COSHH Legislations 00:21:00 Module 03: Impact of Hazardous Substances on Health Impact of Hazardous Substances on Health 00:20:00 Module 04: Chemical Safety Chemical Safety 00:21:00 Module 05: COSHH Risk Assessments COSHH Risk Assessments 00:23:00 Module 06: Good Control Practice Good Control Practice 00:16:00 Module 07: Implementing Control Measures Implementing Control Measures 00:13:00
The starting point for this module is to look at why you need to undertake training on the protection of children and young people. All adults who come into contact with children in their work have a duty of care to safeguard and promote their welfare. Practitioners have a key role in shaping the futures of young people. The vast majority of adults working with young children act professionally to provide a safe and supportive environment. However, in this area of work, tensions and misunderstandings can also occur.
Fibre Optic cabling training course description A hands on course covering installation, splicing and testing of fibre optic cabling. What will you learn Describe different types of fibre cable and where to use them Install fibre optic cable. Splice fibre optic cable. Test fibre optic cable. Fibre Optic cabling training course details Who will benefit: Cable installation professionals. Prerequisites: None Duration 3 days Fibre Optic cabling training course contents Fibre optic transmission Physics of light, optical modes, light propagation, light guiding, dispersion, light spectrum, fibre versus copper comparison, fibre cable types and their uses, WDM and DWDM. Fibre optic cable Single mode, Multi mode, diameters, step-index fibre, graded index fibre, loose tube, tight buffered, cable jackets, distance limitations, indoor versus outdoors. Fibre optic network components ST, SC, FC and other connectors, termination methods, joint enclosures, transmitters, light sources, laser, LED, receivers, detectors. Installation BS.7718. Safe working practices, site surveys, recommended installation procedures, cable handling issues, bending radius, techniques and tools, documentation. Splicing Joining fibres, splicers, fusion splicing, mechanical splicing, splicing procedure, cleaving, splicing parameters, splicing vs. connectors. Measurement parameters and applications Power measurement, loss measurement, return loss measurement, receiver sensitivity measurement, budget calculations. Testing Optical power meter, optical light source, optical attenuator, return loss meter, continuity testing, insertion loss testing, OTDR features and principles, OTDR capabilities and limitations, using an OTDR, troubleshooting.
Fibre splicing training course description A short, concise hands on fibre optic cable splicing course providing comprehensive coverage of fibre splicing. Over 50% of the course is practical based. What will you learn Prepare cable for splicing. Splice fibre optic cable. Fibre splicing training course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to be able to splice fibre. Prerequisites: None. Duration 1 day Fibre splicing training course contents Fibre optic essential review Fibre cable types. SMF, MMF. Safe working practices. Cable handling issues. Hands on: Handling fibre optic cable. Preparing fibre for splicing Cutting and stripping tools, cleaving methods, fibre cleaning materials. Hands on: Fibre preparation. Splicing Joining fibres, splicers, fusion splicing, mechanical splicing, splicing procedure. cleaving, splicing parameters. Splicing vs. connectors. Which splice? Hands on: Splicing fibre. Splice loss mechanisms End gap, concentricity, end angle, NA mismatch, finish and dirt, coaxiality, Axial run out, core mismatch, back reflection. Testing Testing successful fibre splicing. Hands on: Testing spliced fibre.
24 Hours Left! Don't Let Year-End Deals Slip Away - Enrol Now! Are you someone who spends most of their workday alone? As an individual, it can be challenging to feel safe and confident when working alone, but the Lone Working and Lone Worker Safety bundle is here to help. With a range of courses designed to promote safe working practices and health and safety, you'll be able to carry out your work with greater peace of mind. The first course in the bundle is endorsed by the QLS, and on completion, you'll receive a hardcopy certificate, providing tangible proof of your expertise. The remaining ten courses in the bundle are accredited by CPD-QS, and each covers essential areas of workplace safety, including manual handling, ladder safety, and warehouse safety training. In Basics of Lone Working, you'll learn the fundamentals of safe working practices, while Lone Worker Safety delves deeper into the risks and how to mitigate them. Site Management Safety Training will teach you how to manage the safety of others while working on a site, while Workplace Health and Safety covers everything you need to know about maintaining a healthy work environment. Fire Safety Awareness is essential knowledge for any lone worker, as is Ladder Safety. In COSHH Training, you'll learn how to handle hazardous substances safely, while DSEAR covers the storage and handling of dangerous substances. Warehouse Safety Training will teach you how to safely work in a warehouse, while Introduction to Manual Handling and RIDDOR Awareness will provide you with essential knowledge on manual handling and reporting accidents. In today's world, workplace safety is of the utmost importance, and the Lone Working and Lone Worker Safety bundle provides a comprehensive range of courses to help you stay safe while working alone. You'll gain the knowledge you need to stay safe and confident in your work. So what are you waiting for? Enrol in the bundle today! This Lone Working and Lone Worker Safety Bundle Package includes: Course 01: Diploma in Lone Worker Training at QLS Level 5 10 Premium Additional CPD QS Accredited Courses - Course 01: Lone Worker Safety Course 02: Site Management Safety Training Course 03: Workplace Health and Safety Course 04: Fire Safety Awareness Course 05: Ladder Safety Course 06: COSHH Training Course 07: DSEAR Course 08: Warehouse Safety Training Course 09: Introduction to Manual Handling Course 10: RIDDOR Awareness Why Prefer This Lone Working and Lone Worker Safety Bundle? You will receive a completely free certificate from the Quality Licence Scheme Option to purchase 10 additional certificates accredited by CPD Get a free Student ID Card - (£10 postal charges will be applicable for international delivery) Free assessments and immediate success results 24/7 Tutor Support After taking this Lone Working and Lone Worker Safety bundle course, you will be able to learn: Understand the fundamentals of safe lone working practices Identify potential hazards and mitigate risks to improve lone worker safety Implement site management safety practices to ensure a safe working environment Understand workplace health and safety regulations and maintain a healthy work environment Identify and manage fire hazards, ladder safety, and safely handle hazardous substances Learn the correct warehouse safety protocols to safely work in a warehouse environment Develop essential knowledge of manual handling and accident reporting ***Curriculum breakdown of Basics of Lone Working*** Module 01: Basics of Lone Working Module 02: Legal Duties of Lone Working Module 03: Rights and Responsibilities in Lone Working Module 04: Risk Assessment and Control Measures Module 05: Monitoring and Supervision Module 06: Training and Development Module 07: Problems that Affect Lone Workers Module 08: Practical Tips to Avoid Violence Module 09: Personal Safety Module 10: Safe Workplace Arrangements How is the Lone Working and Lone Worker Safety Bundle Assessment Process? You have to complete the assignment questions given at the end of the course and score a minimum of 60% to pass each exam. Our expert trainers will assess your assignment and give you feedback after you submit the assignment. You will be entitled to claim a certificate endorsed by the Quality Licence Scheme after you successfully pass the exams. CPD 250 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This bundle is ideal for: Individuals who spend most of their workday alone Anyone who wants to learn how to implement safe working practices People who are responsible for site management and safety Anyone who wants to improve their workplace health and safety knowledge Career path Health and Safety Officer: £23,000 - £40,000 per annum Health and Safety Manager: £30,000 - £60,000 per annum Site Manager: £30,000 - £50,000 per annum Warehouse Manager: £20,000 - £50,000 per annum Facilities Manager: £25,000 - £50,000 per annum Fire Safety Officer: £22,000 - £40,000 per annum Note: Salaries may vary based on experience and company. Certificates CPD QS Accredited Certificate Digital certificate - Included Upon successfully completing the Bundle, you will need to place an order to receive a PDF Certificate for each course within the bundle. These certificates serve as proof of your newly acquired skills, accredited by CPD QS. Also, the certificates are recognised throughout the UK and internationally. CPD QS Accredited Certificate Hard copy certificate - Included International students are subject to a £10 delivery fee for their orders, based on their location. Diploma in Lone Worker Training at QLS Level 5 Hard copy certificate - Included
Distance learning Level 1 Cookery course for Home Educators
Distance learning Level 1 Cookery course for Home Educators
Course Description Get instant knowledge from this bite-sized Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations: Part 2 course. This course is very short and you can complete it within a very short time. In this Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations: Part 2 course you will get fundamental ideas of dangerous substances and explosive atmospheres regulations, the key understanding of risk assessment, protection system and so on. Enrol in this course today and start your instant first step towards learning about safe working with flammable substances. Learn faster for instant implementation. Learning outcome Familiarise with safe working with flammable substances Gain in-depth knowledge of risk assessment Deepen your understanding of equipment and protection system Requirement Our Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations: Part 2 is fully compatible with any kind of device. Whether you are using Windows computer, Mac, smartphones or tablets, you will get the same experience while learning. Besides that, you will be able to access the course with any kind of internet connection from anywhere at any time without any kind of limitation. Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations: Part 2 Module 01: Safe Working with Flammable Substances 00:17:00 Module 02: Equipment and Protection System 00:33:00 Module 03: Risk Assessment 00:25:00 Assignment Assignment - Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations: Part 2 00:00:00
Each year in the UK, people are killed, injured and suffer work-related illnesses while carrying out their jobs. So Health & Safety is a significant concern. The government, employers and workers all have an essential role to play in reducing deaths and accidents and preventing ill-health at work. This course is aimed at people starting out in the construction industry and can be used as part of their induction process or as preparation for the online accredited exam. Whilst this course, Level 1 Health & Safety in a Construction environment provides you with a qualification in its own right, it can also form part of your CSCS green card application. The course starts with an introduction to the legal aspects of health and safety before covering the basics of risk assessment and safe working practices. It then goes into detail to cover the most common hazards encountered in construction environments from Working at Height and Respiratory Hazards to electrical and chemical hazards.
This qualification is designed for learners aged pre-16 and above who wish to develop skills and knowledge in creative craft. This course has been designed to be as affordable for families as possible. Please note, this is not a GCSE but is a GCSE Level course which is why it is designed to span 2 years, although we offer complete flexibility on the timeframe that learners can complete within. This qualification is a Level 2 Qualification and is Ofqual approved carrying 15 credits. Other examples of Level 2 qualifications are BTEC Level 2 and the Silver Arts Award. Feedback from our past learners shows that this qualiifcation is widely regarded as level to a grade A*-C/4-9 at GCSE standard when applying for college or work placements. Please also note, that whether this course is recognised as a GCSE equivalent by colleges and further education establishments, can vary according to location, college and even between courses at the same college. If reliant on this qualification for entry onto another course, it is recommended that you establish with the college whether or not this will aid admission, before committing to the course. Click here to download the Level 2 Creative Craft Information Pack.pdf Our Open Day event gives a little more insight into how this course works as well as the course content and payment options: We don't impose any minimum or maximum ages on our learners as we recognise that every learner is an individual and is on their own unique learning journey. We believe, that their adult facilitator is the best person to judge whether a learner is ready for a particular course, but to enable you to make this decision we provide a workbook, free for you to try. Simpy email technologytriumphs@outlook.com to request a free sample session. We are also happy to advise you with this decision so do reach out to us if you would like our guidance on this. As part of your Induction pack, your learner will receive a free apron to use within their course, but aside from this we have designed the courses to utilise as affordable as possible. The following is not an exhaustive list, but does highlight the main costs associated with the course. UNIT SUMMARIES 601/3232/2 Credit Value: 15 Total Qualification Time: 150 hours 1 Be able to use materials, tools and equipment to develop craft techniques 1.1 Assess the properties of available materials for craft item(s) including the visual and tactile qualities 1.2 Select materials, tools, equipment and techniques to support craft ideas and give reasons for choices 1.3 Use appropriate tools and equipment for selected techniques 1.4 Develop craft techniques, making effective use of materials, tools and equipment 1.5 Maintain a safe working environment by ensuring safe use of materials, tools and equipment 1 Understand the market within a chosen craft area 1.1 Explore enterprises within a chosen craft area 1.2 Explain what makes them successful 1.3 Describe the market(s) for chosen craft area 1.4 Identify opportunities in chosen market(s) 1.5 Explain the importance of listening to stakeholders when developing ideas 1.6 Explain the importance of balancing risk against the potential reward of creative ideas 1.7 Identify appropriate financial tools to support creative enterprising ideas 1.8 Identify ways to market a creative product 2 Understand employment opportunities within a chosen craft area The learner can: 2.1 Explore employment opportunities within a chosen craft area 2.2 Describe the characteristics of an enterprising individual in a chosen craft area 2.3 Identify own strengths and areas for development within a chosen craft area 2.4 Produce an action plan for personal development/career aspirations 1 Be able to develop craft ideas The learner can: 1.1 Use a range of different sources to develop craft ideas 1.2 Develop visual language to communicate craft ideas 1.3 Use feedback and evaluation of own work to develop craft ideas 1.4 Adapt craft ideas in response to feedback and evaluation of own work 1.5 Select preferred craft idea giving reasons for 1.6 Maintain a safe working environment 1 Be able to create and present final craft item(s) The learner can: 1.1 Use chosen idea to create a production plan 1.2 Use selected tools, materials, equipment and techniques to produce final craft work 1.3 Display craft work in an appropriate way/setting 1.4 Maintain a safe working environment 2 Know how to evaluate the creative and craft making processes The learner can: 2.1 Evaluate the creative process 2.2 Review final craft item to identify opportunities for improvement or further development