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157 Educators providing Design courses in Swanscombe

Fort Luton

fort luton

London

In 1859 Lord Palmerston instigated the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom to review the nation’s defences. At the time there was a strong possibility of a French attack and the country’s existing defences were deemed obsolete. The report was published the following year with the recommendation of the construction of a series of forts to strengthen the defences around the country against landward attack. Over 80 forts were built with five being constructed in Medway to protect the Royal Dockyard, Royal Arsenal and the approach to London. Fort Luton was the smallest in the “Chatham Concrete Ring”. The five forts were Fort Borstal, Fort Bridgewoods, Fort Horsted, Fort Luton and Fort Darland. The design and placement of the forts were based on the needs and armament available in 1860, artillery range was three miles and with the site of the forts you could hold the enemy around five miles from the Dockyard at Chatham, an important feature of approach to London was the A2 which Rochester Bridge is part of and this had to be protected, if the enemy could use it they would have a direct route into London and if they destroyed the bridge they could delay our troops from hampering their invasion plans and forcing them to travel miles to cross the River Medway. Construction started on the Medway forts in the mid-1870s however funds became short and work stopped for some years, by the time work began again armament had so improved as to make the forts useless for the defence of the Royal Dockyard and Rochester Bridge, artillery fire was now travelling up to twelve miles. The design of the forts were changed many times reflecting on the improving armament, changing needs for defence and the new suggestion that fixed artillery forts were an unnecessary cost which field works could replace. Due to the constant improvements during this short period many features of Fort Luton were removed from plans including a main magazine, counterscarp galleries and a caponier. The size of Fort Luton was also reduced and a casemate was converted into the use of a magazine. None of the forts received their fixed gun emplacements but instead they were provided with secure bases around the ramparts, this allowed field guns to be wheeled into position when under attack but also removed if there was heavy bombardment. To protect the guns Fort Luton was provided with four gun shelters in which the artillery men could also retreat when in danger.

English Out There

english out there

4.3(107)

Sidcup

Jason West is the founder and chief creator of English Out There. He now has almost thirty years of self-employed experience in transformational English language teaching and learning. In 1992, at the age of 25, he co-founded an English language school in the heart of London’s West End and within two and half years the school achieved British Council accreditation (which annoyed a few people!). A long-standing interest in the psychology of learning lead Jason to feel that something could be done to improve the way his students acquired English. As a result he created the English Out There (EOT) course concept, where students engage directly with fluent or native speakers at every stage of their language development. The language laboratory in EOT's case was (and still is) the streets of London and members of the public (recently we have been experimenting successfully with handheld mobile technology and Google+ community pages). A lot of people have helped to create English Out There over the years. The principal EOT lieutenants have been Georgina Moon, Maria Stamati-Knipe and Jonathan Jones whilst Tim Bowen helped edit the materials for publication. After 250,000 hours of teaching and editing English Out There course materials were born. They can be used both offline and on. The online element came out of a fascination with social media and free internet telephony such as Facebook and Skype. An interesting quirk of their design is that they will work with any and all social media platforms, even those not yet invented! The inexpensive DRM-free course materials for students and teachers recently made the EU’s top 10 formal uses of social media for language learning and can be purchased online from this website. English Out There is the only English program we know of that posts 'before and after' audio and video proof of the amazing progress of real students. It is a truly transformational English course because learners who have tried and failed to speak English comfortably for years find that it helps them to break through their personal language barriers. Using just simple file formats and free online social media, allowing teachers to earn money from the use of the content and making it available at an affordable price is important to Jason and the ethos of English Out There (a student's self-study course costs just £9.99 and can change a life because it will teach you how to learn for yourself for free going forward; a teacher's course level, also 20 lessons/60 hours can be printed and taught as much as they like commercially for just £25.00).