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About this Training Course Petrophysics remains a vital component to many facets of the petroleum industry, from quantification of hydrocarbon reserves to developmental strategies to real-time decision making for reservoir navigation. Targeted at awareness to knowledge level, this course addresses the tenets of petrophysics and formation evaluation, using integrative perspective of multiple datasets, including geological, geophysical, and logging and core data. Significant worldwide case histories are included, as well as several exercises designed to provide hands-on experience. This course can also be offered through Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) format. Training Objectives By attending this course, the participants will be able to: Understand better the latest geological, geophysical, and logging/core technologies and their role in petrophysical analysis, formation evaluation, and reservoir characterization. Address the pros and cons of key datasets, with emphasis on need for integrative studies and calibration of datasets. Apply quick-look qualitative techniques as well as quantitative aspects to understand vital aspects such as volume of shale/clay, porosity, permeability, and water saturation determinations. Select tool combinations to resolve key issues and for specific applications. Assess uncertainty in petrophysical measurements and techniques and its influence on reserve estimation. Target Audience This course is recommended for development and exploration geologists, petrophysicists, log and core analysts, geophysicists, petroleum engineers, managers, and technical personnel. Course Level Intermediate Trainer Your expert course leader received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Geology from the now University of Louisiana-Lafayette in 1989 and 1990 respectively, and his Ph.D. as a National Science Foundation fellow at Baylor University, Waco, Texas, in 1993. From 1994 - 1996, he studied planetary tectonics as a NASA-funded postdoctoral fellow at Southern Methodist University. In 1996, he returned to UL-Lafayette, where he was awarded in 1997 the Hensarling-Chapman Endowed Professorship in Geology. He began independent consulting activities in 1991, and in 2001, he left academia for full-time consulting for clients ranging from one-man shops to supermajors. He rejoined UL-Lafayette as an adjunct professor from 2011 - 2018. He is an active researcher, receiving several million dollars in grants from federal, state, and industry sources, presenting numerous talks, including a 2019 AAPG Levorsen award, and publishing on a diversity of geoscience topics, including a Grover E. Murray Best Published Paper award in 2017. He is co-author of the inaugural GCAGS/GCSSEPM Transactions Best Student Paper award in 2018. He served as the GCAGS Publisher since 2006 and in various GCAGS/GCSSEPM Transactions editing capacities since 2006, including the 2014 and 2017 - 2022 Editor (named Permanent Transactions Editor in 2017), and Managing Editor since 2011, receiving a GCAGS Distinguished Service Award in 2018. He served as the General Chair for GeoGulf 2020 (70th GCAGS/GCSSEPM Convention), the 1st hybrid geoscience conference in the world. He is a Past President of the Lafayette Geological Society and served as its Editor and Publisher from 2002 - 2018. In 2018, he founded the Willis School of Applied Geoscience, reformulating decades of industry-training experience to provide alternative opportunities for graduate-level education. In 2020, he received an Honorary Membership from GCSSEPM. He also joined the LSU faculty as an adjunct professor in 2020. In 2021, he co-founded the Society of Applied Geoscientists and Engineers, serving as its President, General Chair for the SAGE 2022 Convention & Exposition, and Vice-Chair for the Benghazi International Geoscience & Engineering Conference 2022 (BIGEC 2022). POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information about post training coaching support and fees applicable for this. Accreditions And Affliations

Introduction to International Trade This module provides a foundational understanding of the development and significance of international trade, focusing on the UK's trade strategy and its global role. Participants will explore key topics such as trade definitions, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the evolution of customs, and major post-WW2 trade developments. Additionally, the module covers the UK's entry into and exit from the EU, and the current UK Digital Strategy for International Trade. **Agenda Highlights**: - Definitions and importance of international trade - Overview of the WTO - Customs fundamentals - Post-WW2 global trade growth - Impact of EU membership and Brexit - UK Digital Strategy for international trade growth

Excel but different. Harness this most powerful tool but on a course tailored to your business and needs. Using case studies relevant to your business and often actual files your firm uses on a daily basis we embark on a voyage of discovery. This isn't a boring "watch what I do and copy" course. This is exciting, engaging, funny and enjoyable. Delegates will learn relevant skills but also, because of the delivery methods they will gain an increased enjoyment of using Excel and will retain and implement all of the material covered. They also have access to the trainer for an unlimited amount of time after the course to continue to grow their knowledge

Special Executive Masters Programme (S.E.M.P) This programme is geared at enhancing professionals' careers. The SEMP is an encapsulated Senior Management Programmes are short certificate modules designed for anyone who would benefit from more in-depth business knowledge delivered in a short and intensive programme What makes us different? We are a world class business school located in the heart of London, Dubai, Islamabad and Lagos. We are one of the fastest growing British business schools with a stylish blended learning model that is both online and on campus. Learn more about the programme Special Executive Master's Programme in Project Management Course Overview The MSBM Special Executive Masters Programmes (SEMP) allows you to update your skills, develop new skills, and explore and develop interests in a wide range of topics. These courses can be taken as personal or professional development and may enhance your employability. In today’s challenging economic environment, project managers, senior management, and professional needs to understand the fundamental supportive and strategic role that project management plays in business. If companies are to pursue their plans for stability and growth they need to cease seeing project management as a functional activity and place it at the core of their business processes. At the same time, project managers and planners share the responsibility to engage better on a business basis with senior executives. Course Details Mode of Study Using Web-based technology, this program provides self-paced, individualized instruction that can be taken anywhere and anytime an individual has access to a computer and the Internet. This Programme is suitable for successful professionals or specialists in the private, public, or voluntary sectors who have new management responsibilities and need to quickly expand their management knowledge. This Programme serves as a refresher course for those who have had their Masters a long time ago and need quick reminders and professional/ academic updates while it serves as a primer for those very experienced Professionals who never made time out for their masters yet they require the academic and practical relevance of this master’s experience. It is a short executive training that runs online for 3 months. Candidates will run 2 months of active lectures and series of assignments and 1 month for their dissertation. Upon successful completion of the Programme, candidates will be awarded a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) certificate in the specific Programme they have completed. What is a CPD Course? Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is the means by which professionals maintain and enhance their knowledge and skills. The world is constantly moving at a very fast pace so undertaking CPD is essential to support a professional in his/her current role as well as helping them with career progression. CPD is all about upgrading knowledge, skills, and capabilities to remain effective and compliant. A CPD course is an investment that you make in yourself. It’s a way of planning your development that links learning directly to practice. CPD can help you keep your skills and knowledge up to date and prepare you for greater responsibilities. It can boost your confidence, strengthen your professional credibility, and help you become more creative in tackling new challenges. Is the SEMP Project Management Programme right for me? Some project managers train specifically for a professional role in project management right from the start, whilst others progress through their organization in different roles, and at some point identify project management as a role they would like to take on. Sometimes it is a role that you fall into by accident or one that is thrust upon you; so practical experience is often gained before becoming certified. If you are contemplating a career change then there are several things you should consider. Firstly, you must consider if you think you have the right sort of personality to become a project manager, for instance: Are you comfortable taking the lead role in a high-pressure situation? Have you got the ability to effectively manage resources on a large scale? Can you think on your feet and quickly react to change? Do you have good problem-solving skills? Do you have experience with finance to manage large budgets? Can you be honest, and say ‘No’ to staff and management when required? Can you be decisive when required, and accept responsibility for your decisions? If you answered yes to most of these questions then a career in project management is definitely worth considering. As long as you’re proficient in most of the above, you can learn the remaining aspects through good additional training. Why SEMP Project Management?  This non-credit-bearing course is designed to provide benefits to the managers and directors of a project and to an Organization, through the controllable use of resources and the ability to manage business and project risk more effectively. It embodies established and proven best practices in project management. It is widely recognized and understood, providing a common language for all participants in a project. It encourages formal recognition of responsibilities within a project and focuses on what a project is to deliver, why, when, and for whom.   Who should enrol in this online Certificate Program? Whether you are in construction management; project execution; or project, program or portfolio management, this could be an ideal program for you if you are looking for career development opportunities to enhance your knowledge and skillsets in managing large, complex projects. Also, here of some of the people that can register for the online Programme. project manager assistant project manager project management associate project coordinator project planner project change management analyst Accreditation The content of this course has been independently certified as conforming to universally accepted Continuous Professional Development (CPD) guidelines. Entry Requirements There are no strict entry requirements for this course. Work experience will be added advantage to understanding the content of the course. Workshops This is a self-study programme with unlimited tutor support. You will never be more than a message or phone call away from our tutors. Visa Requirements There are no Visa Requirements for this Course as it's an Online Course.

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is designed for IT professionals who want to develop penetration testing skills to enable them to identify information-system vulnerabilities and effective remediation techniques for those vulnerabilities. Target students who also need to offer practical recommendations for action to properly protect information systems and their contents will derive those skills from this course. This course is also designed for individuals who are preparing to take the CompTIA PenTest+ certification exam PT0-002, or who plan to use PenTest+ as the foundation for more advanced security certifications or career roles. Individuals seeking this certification should have three to four years of hands-on experience performing penetration tests, vulnerability assessments, and vulnerability management. Overview After completing this course, you will be able to plan, conduct, analyze, and report on penetration tests, including the ability to: Plan and scope penetration tests. Conduct passive reconnaissance. Perform non-technical tests to gather information. Conductive active reconnaissance. Analyze vulnerabilities. Penetrate networks. Exploit host-based vulnerabilities. Test applications. Complete post-exploit tasks. Analyze and report pen test results. Security remains one of the hottest topics in IT and other industries. It seems that each week brings news of some new breach of privacy or security. As organizations scramble to protect themselves and their customers, the ability to conduct penetration testing is an emerging skill set that is becoming ever more valuable to the organizations seeking protection, and ever more lucrative for those who possess these skills. In this course, you will be introduced to some general concepts and methodologies related to pen testing, and you will work your way through a simulated pen test for a fictitious company. 1 - Outline Lesson 1: Scoping Organization/Customer Requirements Lesson 2: Defining the Rules of Engagement Lesson 3: Footprinting and Gathering Intelligence Lesson 4: Evaluating Human and Physical Vulnerabilities Lesson 5: Preparing the Vulnerability Scan Lesson 6: Scanning Logical Vulnerabilities Lesson 7: Analyzing Scanning Results Lesson 8: Avoiding Detection and Covering Tracks Lesson 9: Exploiting the LAN and Cloud Lesson 10: Testing Wireless Networks Lesson 11: Targeting Mobile Devices Lesson 12: Attacking Specialized Systems Lesson 13: Web Application-Based Attacks Lesson 14: Performing System Hacking Lesson 15: Scripting and Software Development Lesson 16: Leveraging the Attack: Pivot and Penetrate Lesson 17: Communicating During the PenTesting Process Lesson 18: Summarizing Report Components Lesson 19: Recommending Remediation Lesson 20: Performing Post-Report Delivery Activities Additional course details: Nexus Humans CompTIA Penetration Testing Certification (PenTest Plus) - (Exam PT0-002) training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the CompTIA Penetration Testing Certification (PenTest Plus) - (Exam PT0-002) course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.

Excel but different. Harness this most powerful tool but on a course tailored to your business and needs. Using case studies relevant to your business and often actual files your firm uses on a daily basis we embark on a voyage of discovery. This isn't a boring "watch what I do and copy" course. This is exciting, engaging, funny and enjoyable. Delegates will learn relevant skills but also, because of the delivery methods they will gain an increased enjoyment of using Excel and will retain and implement all of the material covered. They also have access to the trainer for an unlimited amount of time after the course to continue to grow their knowledge

About this Training Course This intermediate to advanced level 3 full-day training course has been designed to provide participants with a detailed and up-to-date overview of the fluid mechanic fundamentals and operating practice of pumps, compressors and gas and steam turbines. Upon the successful completion of this course, participants will have acquired the practical knowledge to enable them not only to choose the correct device for a particular application but also be in a position to resolve many commonly occurring operating problems. Troubleshooting is an important part of this course and will cover the important topics of Machinery Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) together with Vibration Analysis. This course is ideal for those personnel in the oil, gas, petrochemical, chemical, power and other process industries who require a wider and deeper appreciation of pumps, compressors and turbines, including their design, performance and operation. The participants will be taken through an intensive primer of turbo-machinery principles, using the minimum of mathematics, and will learn how to solve the many and varied practical industrial problems that are encountered. The course makes use of an extensive collection of VIDEO material together with case studies and numerical exercises. Training Objectives Upon the successful completion of this course, each participant will be able to: Apply a comprehensive knowledge of pumps, compressors & turbines and troubleshoot rotating equipment in a professional manner Identify the different types of turbomachinery including basic design aspects and highlighted problem areas Minimise compressor work by understanding the processes involved and identifying their efficiency Understand the flow through turbomachines and the corresponding velocity triangles including torque and power calculations Analyse the different types of centrifugal machines including their design, installation, operation, maintenance, re-rate/retrofit, troubleshooting and control Recognise the various beneficial design aspects of turbomachines and understand the crucial process of cavitation Carry out proper methods of device installation, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting Understand and apply the powerful methods of Machinery Root Cause Failure Analysis Understand the various methods of vibration analysis applied to device diagnostics Target Audience This course provides an overview of all significant aspects and considerations of pumps, compressors and turbines for those who are involved in the design, selection, maintenance or troubleshooting of such equipment. This includes maintenance, reliability, integrity, engineering, production and operations managers, engineers and other technical staff. Course Level Intermediate Advanced Trainer Your expert course leader is a Senior Mechanical & Instrumentation Engineer (UK, B. Sc., M.Eng., Ph D) with over 45 years of industrial experience in Process Control & Instrumentation, Pumps, Compressors, Turbines and Control Valve Technology. He is currently a Senior Independent Consultant to various petrochemical industries in the UK, USA, Oman, Kuwait and KSA where he provides consultancy services on both the application and operational constraints of process equipment in the oil & gas industries. During his early career, he held key positions in Rolls Royce (UK) where he was involved in the design of turbine blading for jet engines, subject to pre-specified distributions of pressure. During this period and since, he has also been closely involved in various aspects of Turbomachinery, Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics where he has become a recognised authority in these areas. Later, he joined the academic staff of University of Liverpool in the UK as a Professor in Mechanical Engineering Courses. A substantial part of his work has been concerned with detailed aspects of Flowmetering - both of single & multiphase flows. He has supervised doctoral research students in this area in collaboration with various European flowmeter manufacturers. He joined Haward Technology Middle East in 2002 and was later appointed as European Manager (a post which has since lapsed) and has delivered over 150 training courses in Flowmeasurement (single- and multi-phase), Control, Heat Exchangers, Pumps, Turbines, Compressors, Valve and Valve Selection as well as other topics throughout the UK, USA, Oman and Kuwait. During the last two years, he has delivered courses with other training companies operating in the Far and Middle East. He has published about 150 papers in various Engineering Journals and International Conferences and has contributed to textbooks on the topics listed above. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

About this Training Course Time is money in the oil business. Drilling time is big money. Whether in a technical, managerial or supporting role, you are a valuable asset to ensuring that project delivery targets are met and profits are realised. As drilling activities continue, professionals like you must grasp the language and technology of drilling operations in order to maximise expenditures throughout the producing life of a well. Drilling equipment and procedures have a unique language that must be conquered for maximum benefit. Clear and understandable explanations of drilling rig equipment, procedures, and their complex interactions provide an excellent foundation for smooth communication and increased efficiency in inter-department project team efforts. Drilling Essentials will help you de-mystify activities around the rig and well planning. It will explain the fundamentals of drilling with an emphasis on key areas such as logistical considerations, costing, and analysis of drilling contracts. Understand the urgency of drilling requests, know more about the cost implications of drilling-related problems, and understand the risks involved in a drilling contract. With the course director's drilling knowledge and skills, this is your opportunity to explore and understand important drilling concepts, principles, and technology which are presented in a reader-friendly format and illustrated with examples. As a non-drilling professional, you too can grow with the drilling industry with a deeper understanding of the critical role you play in contributing to its success! Training Objectives By attending this industry fundamentals Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course, you will be better able to: Understand drilling terminology & drilling processes for completing onshore & offshore wells Appreciate major cost components of drilling operations and its impact for better project planning and management Better visualise major drilling equipment and their technical functions to promote a deeper understanding of the logistical and technical considerations Gain valuable insights on the drilling industry with a synopsis of recent technology developments that impact the drilling process Target Audience This Virtual Instructor Led Training (VILT) course has been developed for new engineers and forward-looking executives in the following fields who are interested in enhancing their knowledge and awareness of the drilling process for increased productivity & contribution to the team they're supporting: Accounting Commercial Finance & Administration General Management Logistics Procurement Tender Contract Administration E & P IT Finance Joint Ventures Materials Planning Sourcing Training Business Development Estimation & Proposal HSE Legal Planning & Budgeting Supply Chain Drilling Fluids Organisational Impact Your expert course leader has over 45 years of experience in the Oil & Gas industry. During that time, he has worked exclusively in the well engineering domain. After being employed in 1974 by Shell, one of the major oil & gas producing operators, he worked as an apprentice on drilling rigs in the Netherlands. After a year, he was sent for his first international assignment to the Sultanate of Oman where he climbed up the career ladder from Assistant Driller, to Driller, to wellsite Petroleum Engineer and eventually on-site Drilling Supervisor, actively engaged in the drilling of development and exploration wells in almost every corner of this vast desert area. At that time, drilling techniques were fairly basic and safety was just a buzz word, but such a situation propels learning and the fruits of 'doing-the-basics' are still reaped today when standing in front of a class. After some seven years in the Middle East, a series of other international assignments followed in places like the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Turkey, Denmark, China, Malaysia, and Russia. Apart from on-site drilling supervisory jobs on various types of drilling rigs (such as helicopter rigs) and working environments (such as jungle and artic), he was also assigned to research, to projects and to the company's learning centre. In research, he was responsible for promoting directional drilling and surveying and advised on the first horizontal wells being drilled, in projects, he was responsible for a high pressure drilling campaign in Nigeria while in the learning centre, he looked after the development of new engineers joining the company after graduating from university. He was also involved in international well control certification and served as chairman for a period of three years. In the last years of his active career, he worked again in China as a staff development manager, a position he nurtured because he was able to pass on his knowledge to a vast number of new employees once again. After retiring in 2015, he has delivered well engineering related courses in Australia, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, China, South Korea, Thailand, India, Dubai, Qatar, Kuwait, The Netherlands, and the United States. The training he provides includes well control to obtain certification in drilling and well intervention, extended reach drilling, high pressure-high temperature drilling, stuck pipe prevention and a number of other ad-hoc courses. He thoroughly enjoys training and is keen to continue taking classes as an instructor for some time to come. POST TRAINING COACHING SUPPORT (OPTIONAL) To further optimise your learning experience from our courses, we also offer individualized 'One to One' coaching support for 2 hours post training. We can help improve your competence in your chosen area of interest, based on your learning needs and available hours. This is a great opportunity to improve your capability and confidence in a particular area of expertise. It will be delivered over a secure video conference call by one of our senior trainers. They will work with you to create a tailor-made coaching program that will help you achieve your goals faster. Request for further information post training support and fees applicable Accreditions And Affliations

Total H.248 training course description A course focusing purely on the H.248 protocol. Anyone working through the ITU standards documents can testify to the need of a training course to explain how H.248 really works. This course already assumes knowledge of other VoIP protocols and starts by positioning H.248 in relation to the other protocols. The course then looks at H.248 architectures and concepts before analysing H.248 messages and call flows. What will you learn Describe what H.248 is Recognise where H.248 fits in relation to other VoIP protocols. Explain how H.248 works. Analyse H.248 packets Total H.248 training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with H.248 Prerequisites: Voice Over IP. Duration 2 days Total H.248 training course contents What is H.248? Review of VoIP protocols: RTP, RTCP, SIP, SDP, H.323. The PSTN and SS7. Where H.248 fits into the picture. H.248 history. MGCP. The IETF. Megaco. ITU standards. H.248v1, v2, v3. H.248 architectures Media Gateways, Media Gateway Controllers, Gateway Control functions, Signalling Gateways. Reference architectures: IMS/TISPAN: IBCF, IWF, I-BGF, SPDF. MSF: S-SBG-NC, D-SBG-NC. GSMA: IPX Proxy. Softswitches. H.248 concepts The connection model, terminations, streams, contexts. Termination properties: descriptors, context properties. Events, signals, packages. H.248 messages Protocol stack, UDP, TCP. Message structure. Transactions, actions, commands. Requests, replies, acknowledgements. Sample message flows. Binary encoding, ASN syntax, Text encoding. H.248 commands Termination manipulation: Add, Subtract, Move, Modify. Event reporting: Notify. Management: AuditCapability, AuditValue, ServiceChange. H.248 Descriptors What are descriptors? Relationship with messages and commands. Basic descriptors, Descriptors composed of other descriptors. The 19 descriptors. Defaults. H.248 Transactions Groups of commands, transaction Ids, relationship with actions and commands. Requests and replies. H.248 wrap up What is a package? Basic packages. H.248 security. H.248 - SIP interoperation. H.248 interoperation with other protocols.

H.323 training course description A hands on course covering IP telephony with H.323. The course starts with a brief review of knowledge students should already possess including RTP and RTCP. The main focus is on H.323 protocols though, progressing from what H.323 is through signalling, call processing and architectures, moving onto more advanced issues including security, multimedia, conferencing, and interoperability. Hands on practicals follow each major theory session. What will you learn Explain how H.323 works. Analyse H.323 packets. Deploy H.323 IP telephony solutions. Integrate H.323 with other telephony solutions. H.323 training course details Who will benefit: Technical staff working with H.323 Prerequisites: Voice Over IP Duration 2 days H.323 training course contents VoIP review Brief review of VoIP, IP, telephones and voice. RTP, RTCP, mixers and translators. What is H.323? The framework, Why H.323, history, H.323 standards and the ITU, H.323 versions 1,2,3,4, and 5, Annexes and Appendices, capabilities, services, How H.323 works, a basic call. H.323 protocol stack The overall framework, Audio codecs (H.7xx), Video codecs (H.26x), T.120 data conferencing. H.323 Architecture Endpoints: Terminals, MCUs, gateways. Gatekeepers, border and peer elements, design issues, signalling with and without gatekeepers. H.225 Packet format, ASN.1, Information elements, Call setup, Call control. Gatekeepers Gatekeeper features, admissions, address translation, bandwidth management, call routing, zones, administrative domains, gatekeeper discovery, call establishment, fast connect. RAS packet formats, RAS signalling. Alternate gatekeepers. H.245 Purpose, call control channel, relationship with H.225, message format, tunnelling. H.323 Supplementary services Conferencing: point to point, multipoint, hybrid, broadcast, H.332. H.450.x. Call transfer, diversion, hold and waiting. Remote device control (H.282, H.283). Capability exchange, Video. Security H.235. Authentication, privacy, transport layer level security. Interoperability Gateways, Inter working with PSTN, SIP and H323. H.246. Annexes and Appendices An overview.