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Whetstone Communications and comms2point0 are pleased to bring you the Data Bites series of free webinars. Our aim is to boost interest and levels of data literacy among not-for-profit communicators.

24 Hours Left! Don't Let Year-End Deals Slip Away - Enrol Now! This Advanced Diploma in Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course is endorsed by The Quality Licence Scheme and accredited by CPDQS (with 180 CPD points) to make your skill development & career progression more accessible than ever! Our unique Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course can help you improve your current abilities or make a smooth career move! Expand your expertise with high-quality training from the Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course. Due to Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7's massive demand in the competitive market, you can use our comprehensive course as a weapon to strengthen your knowledge. Learn Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 and quickly equip yourself with the specific knowledge and skills you need to excel in your chosen career. As cyber threats continue to surge, Businesses and Organizations are increasingly turning to Ethical Hacking experts to safeguard their sensitive information and digital assets. Ethical Hacking, a pivotal discipline in Cybersecurity, serves as a proactive defence mechanism by identifying vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This comprehensive Ethical Hacking course is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to become proficient ethical hackers. This Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 training can help you accomplish your ambitions and prepare you for a meaningful career. So, join us today and gear up for excellence! Learning Outcomes: Apply Ethical Hacking for robust system defence strategies Conduct Ethical Hacking reconnaissance to identify potential vulnerabilities Utilize Ethical Hacking scanning and enumeration techniques for assessments Apply Ethical Hacking skills to defend against web-based threats effectively Employ responsible Ethical Hacking social engineering tactics for cybersecurity enhancement Why Prefer This Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 Course? Earn an Ethical Hacking certificate endorsed by the Quality Licence Scheme with an accreditation from CPDQS at 0 cost! Receive a complimentary Ethical Hacking student ID card Engage with innovative and immersive Ethical Hacking content Access free assessments to test Ethical Hacking comprehension Enjoy 24/7 support from tutors specializing in Ethical Hacking Take a step toward a brighter future! *** Course Curriculum *** Introduction to Ethical Hacking Reconnaissance - Surveying the Attack Surface Scanning and Enumeration - Getting Down to Business Network Presence Attacking Web Hacking Social Engineering - Hacking Humans Here is the curriculum breakdown of the Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course: Assessment Process You have to complete the assignment questions given at the end of the Ethical Hacking course and score a minimum of 60% to pass each exam. Our expert trainers will assess your assignment and give you feedback after you submit the assignment. You will be entitled to claim a certificate endorsed by the Quality Licence Scheme after you have completed all of the Advanced Diploma in Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 exams. CPD 180 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course is perfect for highly motivated people who are: Cybersecurity Enthusiasts Tech Students Network Administrators Digital Defenders Requirements No prior background or expertise is required to enrol in this Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course. Career path The Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 course will boost your CV and aims to help you get jobs like: Cybersecurity Analysts Penetration Testers Security Consultants IT Professionals Certificates Advanced Diploma in Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7 Hard copy certificate - Included Show off Your New Skills with a Certificate of Completion After successfully completing the Advanced Diploma in Ethical Hacking and IT Security at QLS Level 7, you can order an original hardcopy certificate of achievement endorsed by the Quality Licence Scheme and also you can order CPDQSAccredited Certificate that is recognised all over the UK and also internationally. The certificates will be home-delivered, completely free of cost. CPDQS Accredited Certificate Digital certificate - Included

Data centre infrastructure course description This course provides a foundation in data centre infrastructure technologies. It begins with a tour of virtualisation and the impact of this on the network before moving on to the spine and leaf design, how it works and how to scale. Layer 2 technologies enabling this architecture are studied in terms of the impact on the data centre. The course then progresses onto how Layer 3 technologies such as BGP, EVPN and VXLAN are used in data centre networks. The course then studies interconnecting data centres finishing with a section on automation and orchestration of both underlay and overlay networks. What will you learn Explain the spine and leaf architecture Recognise the impact of virtualisation, containers and orchestration on the network Describe how the following technologies are used in data centres: Multi port aggregation Overlay networks MBGP, VRFs, EVPN VXLAN COOP Data centre infrastructure course details Who will benefit: Staff involved with Data centres. Prerequisites: Network fundamentals for engineers Duration 2 days Data centre infrastructure course contents What is Ethernet? Data centres versus enterprise networks. Servers, Blades, Racks, Clusters, Storage, Virtual Machines, Hosts, guests, containers, orchestration. Virtual switches. Distributed switches. Live migrations (e.g. vMotion). IP addressing and VM traffic. Data centre network architecture Spine leaf design. North south traffic, East West traffic, Scaling: Ports, bandwidth. N+1 redundancy, ratio East West optimisation, oversubscription. 2 tier versus 3 tier Leaf/Spine. Pods. Underlay, Overlay L2 technologies STP vs link aggregation vs multi link aggregation. LACP, LLDP, CDP. Scalability. VLANs and VLAN pruning. L2 design recommendations. Disabling STP on edge ports. L3 technologies Underlay, Overlay, VXLAN, VTEP, VXLAN overlay forwarding, EVPN, IS-IS, COOP, MP BGP, VRFs, EBGP, IBGP, AS numbers, route reflectors. Anycast gateways. MTU considerations-for data and control planes. BUM traffic. Data centre interconnects Pods, fabrics, multi pods, multi fabric, multi site. VXLAN with BGP/EVPN Data center interconnect. Cloud integration, Inter Site Networks. Automation Automation and orchestration, Zero touch provisioning, Devops, Netops, telemetry automated configuration for underlay and overlay, SDN.

CCNA training course description The Implementing and Administering Cisco Solutions (CCNA) course gives you a broad range of fundamental knowledge for all IT careers. Through a combination of lecture, hands-on labs, and self-study, you will learn how to install, operate, configure, and verify basic IPv4 and IPv6 networks. The course covers configuring network components such as switches, routers, and wireless LAN controllers; managing network devices; and identifying basic security threats. It also gives a foundation in network programmability, and software-defined networking What will you learn Install, configure, and operate a small to medium sized network Gain a foundation in the essentials of networking, security, and automation Prepare for the 200-301 CCNA exam, which earns CCNA certification CCNA training course details Who will benefit: Network support help desk technicians involved in the basic installation, operation, and verification of Cisco networks. Anyone seeking CCNA certification. Prerequisites: Introduction to Data communications & networking Duration 5 days CCNA training course content After taking this course, you should be able to: Identify the components of a computer network and describe their basic characteristics. Understand the model of host-to-host communication. Describe the Cisco IOS software. Describe LANs and the role of switches within LANs. Describe Ethernet and describe the operation of switches. Install a switch and perform the initial configuration. Describe the TCP/IP Internet layer, IPv4, its addressing scheme, and subnetting. Describe the TCP/IP Transport and Application layers Explore functions of routing. Implement basic configuration on a Cisco router. Explain host-to-host comms across switches and routers. Identify and resolve common switched network issues and common problems associated with IPv4 addressing. Describe IPv6 main features and addresses, and configure and verify basic IPv6 connectivity. Describe static routing. Describe, implement, and verify VLANs and trunks. Describe inter VLAN routing. Explain the basics of dynamic routing protocols and describe components and terms of OSPF. Explain how STP and RSTP work. Configure link aggregation using EtherChannel. Describe the purpose of Layer 3 redundancy protocols. Describe basic WAN and VPN concepts. Describe the operation of access control lists (ACLs) and their applications in the network. Configure Internet access using DHCP clients and explain and configure NAT on Cisco routers. Describe basic QoS concepts. Describe the concepts of wireless networks, which types of wireless networks can be built, and how to use Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs). Describe network and device architectures, introduce virtualization, network programmability and SDN and describe smart network management solutions such as Cisco DNA Center™, SD-Access, and SD-WAN. Configure basic IOS system monitoring tools. Describe the management of Cisco devices. Describe the current security threat landscape. Describe threat defence technologies. Implement a basic security configuration of the device management plane. Implement basic steps to harden network devices. Detailed course outline Exploring the Functions of Networking. The Host-to-Host Communications Model. Operating Cisco IOS Software. Introducing LANs. Exploring the TCP/IP Link Layer. Starting a Switch. The TCP/IP IP layer, IPv4 Addressing, and Subnets. The TCP/IP Transport Layer and Application Layer. Exploring the Functions of Routing. Configuring a Cisco Router. Exploring the Packet Delivery Process. Troubleshooting a Simple Network. Introducing Basic IPv6. Configuring Static Routing. Implementing VLANs and Trunks. Routing Between VLANs. Introducing OSPF. Redundant Switched Topologies with EtherChannel. Explaining Basics of ACL. Enabling Internet Connectivity. Explaining the Evolution of Intelligent Networks. Introducing System Monitoring. Managing Cisco Devices. Securing Administrative Access. Implementing Device Hardening. Self-Study: Building Redundant Switched Topologies. Exploring Layer 3 Redundancy. Introducing WAN Technologies. Introducing QoS. Explaining Wireless Fundamentals. Introducing Architectures and Virtualization. Examining the Security Threat Landscape. Threat Defense Technologies.

Java training course description A comprehensive introduction of the Java language and environment. It is important to note that the course will assume that the delegates are already familiar with the C language as this enables more advanced features of the Java language to be covered in the course. The course will also give an overview of areas related to programming in Java. What will you learn Describe the Java architecture. Write Java applets and applications. Debug Java programs. Examine existing code and determine its function. Use multimedia extensions, the awt, multithreading, exceptions within Java Java training course details Who will benefit: Those wishing to program in Java. Prerequisites: Complete C programming Duration 5 days Java training course contents Review of UNIX fundamentals What is Java? What Java is, history of Java, reasons for success. The Java Virtual Machine, Bytecodes, getting up and running with Java, Java resources. Simple Java applications. C features in Java Java data structures, Java flow control, differences from C, arrays, strings and packages. OO features in Java Java classes and objects, inheritance, overloading, packages. Differences from C++. Java applets Applications vs. applets, HTML, the applet tag, applet methods, life cycle, testing and debugging. Multimedia applets Images, sounds, fonts, colours and animation. Java products The JDK in detail, other development environments. Javabeans and JDBC overviews. Abstract Window Toolkit JFC and Swing versus AWT. Event handling (JDK 1.1), GUIs, panels, buttons, lists, scrollbars, text areas, frames… Exception handling and multithreading Handling exceptions. Starting, pausing, stopping threads, producers, consumers, monitoring. More standard classes Java file I/O, Streams, The system class. The networking model, java.net classes. Security and Java Types of attack, the security manager, craplets, securing the network. Integrating legacy code with Java

Apple course, macOS Support Essentials, ACSP, IT Support,

Overview With the ever-increasing demand for DIY: Do It Yourself in personal & professional settings, this online training aims at educating, nurturing, and upskilling individuals to stay ahead of the curve - whatever their level of expertise in DIY: Do It Yourself may be. Learning about DIY: Do It Yourself or keeping up to date on it can be confusing at times, and maybe even daunting! But that's not the case with this course from Compete High. We understand the different requirements coming with a wide variety of demographics looking to get skilled in DIY: Do It Yourself . That's why we've developed this online training in a way that caters to learners with different goals in mind. The course materials are prepared with consultation from the experts of this field and all the information on DIY: Do It Yourself is kept up to date on a regular basis so that learners don't get left behind on the current trends/updates. The self-paced online learning methodology by compete high in this DIY: Do It Yourself course helps you learn whenever or however you wish, keeping in mind the busy schedule or possible inconveniences that come with physical classes. The easy-to-grasp, bite-sized lessons are proven to be most effective in memorising and learning the lessons by heart. On top of that, you have the opportunity to receive a certificate after successfully completing the course! Instead of searching for hours, enrol right away on this DIY: Do It Yourself course from Compete High and accelerate your career in the right path with expert-outlined lessons and a guarantee of success in the long run. Who is this course for? While we refrain from discouraging anyone wanting to do this DIY: Do It Yourself course or impose any sort of restrictions on doing this online training, people meeting any of the following criteria will benefit the most from it: Anyone looking for the basics of DIY: Do It Yourself , Jobseekers in the relevant domains, Anyone with a ground knowledge/intermediate expertise in DIY: Do It Yourself , Anyone looking for a certificate of completion on doing an online training on this topic, Students of DIY: Do It Yourself , or anyone with an academic knowledge gap to bridge, Anyone with a general interest/curiosity Career Path This DIY: Do It Yourself course smoothens the way up your career ladder with all the relevant information, skills, and online certificate of achievements. After successfully completing the course, you can expect to move one significant step closer to achieving your professional goals - whether it's securing that job you desire, getting the promotion you deserve, or setting up that business of your dreams.     Course Curriculum Module 1 Introduction to DIY Training. Introduction to DIY Training. 00:00 Module 2 DIY Home Improvement Projects. DIY Home Improvement Projects. 00:00 Module 3 DIY Woodworking Projects. DIY Woodworking Projects. 00:00 Module 4 DIY Crafting and DIY Fashion Projects. DIY Crafting and DIY Fashion Projects. 00:00 Module 5 DIY Gardening and Landscaping Projects. DIY Gardening and Landscaping Projects. 00:00 Module 6 DIY Electronics and Robotics Projects. DIY Electronics and Robotics Projects. 00:00

Start your career in Data Science and earn up to £90,000 per month. Are you eager to dive into the high-speed world of Data Science powered by Python? In the UK alone, Data Scientist job postings witnessed a dramatic increase of 67% in 2022, emphasising the burgeoning demand for proficient Python programmers. Amid such a dynamic job market, our online course - Data Science with Python, serves as your stepping-stone to a universe of opportunities. Whether you're taking your first step into the realm of Data Science or aiming to augment your existing skills, our program offers peerless support, ensuring you're industry-ready by the time you complete our course. Our mission is simple - to be your trusted partner every step of the way, from training to employment. In addition to teaching you the technical skills you need, we will also provide you with career mentoring and support. We will help you build your resume, prepare for interviews, and land your dream job. We also have partnerships with many companies that are hiring Data Scientists, so we can help you get your foot in the door. If you are not happy with our service, we also offer a 100% money-back guarantee. So what are you waiting for? Enrol in our Data Scientist with Python Training Program today and start your journey to becoming a successful Data Scientist! If you have any questions, you can contact us. We will be happy to provide you with all the information you need. Why Choose Us? So, what sets us apart from other programs? Let's dive into the exceptional benefits you'll experience when you join our Data Scientist with Python: Personalised Guidance: We believe in the power of individual attention. Our experienced mentors will provide one-on-one counselling sessions tailored to your specific needs. Whether you're a beginner or have some Python experience, we will guide you towards honing your skills and developing a strong foundation in both Data Science and Python. One-On-One Consultation Sessions with Industry Experts: Gain invaluable insights and guidance from seasoned professionals who have thrived in the Data Science field. Our consultation sessions provide you with insider tips, tricks, and advice, empowering you to navigate the industry with confidence and expertise. Extensive Job Opportunities: We have established partnerships with numerous companies actively seeking Data Scientists. Through our network, we'll connect you with exclusive job openings that are not easily accessible elsewhere. Interview Preparation: No more stress over unexpected interview questions. We provide you with access to a comprehensive database of potential interview questions curated over years of industry experience. Walk into your interviews confident, well-prepared, and ready to impress. Money-Back Guarantee: Your satisfaction is our top priority. We are confident in the quality of our training and support, which is why we offer a 100% money-back guarantee. If, for any reason, you're not happy with our services, we'll refund your investment, no questions asked. We believe in the value we provide and want you to feel completely satisfied with your decision to join us. Continuous Career Support: Our commitment doesn't end when you secure a job. We'll be there for you throughout your career journey, offering continued support and guidance. Here are the courses we will provide once you enrol in the program: Course 01: Business and Data Analytics for Beginners Course 02: Quick Data Science Approach from Scratch Course 03: Learn MySQL from Scratch for Data Science and Analytics Course 04: SQL for Data Science, Data Analytics and Data Visualization Course 05: Statistics & Probability for Data Science & Machine Learning Course 06: R Programming for Data Science Course 07: Python Data Science with Numpy, Pandas and Matplotlib Course 08: Complete Python Machine Learning & Data Science Fundamentals Course 09: 2021 Data Science & Machine Learning with R from A-Z Course 10: Python Programming from Scratch with My SQL Database Course 11: Level 2 Python Course Course 12: Machine Learning for Predictive Maps in Python and Leaflet Course 13: Python Programming Bible | Networking, GUI, Email, XML, CGI Course 14: Python for Spatial Analysis in ArcGIS Course 15: Ultimate Python Training for Beginners Course 16: PyScript Fundamentals Training How Can We Offer Job Guarantees? HF Online provides consultancy, professional and educational services to many of the companies in the UK. During our intense exclusive training program, you will not just gain and complete the industry valuable certification but will gain industry experience as well, which is imperative to get your 1st job in the sector. The Data Scientist with Python Program is completed in 9 easy steps: Step 1: Enrol in the Programme Begin your exciting journey with us by enrolling in the Data Science with Python Training program. Complete your registration and make a secure online payment. Remember, we offer a 14-day money-back guarantee if you're not completely satisfied. After you enrol in the Program, you will get lifetime access to 16 premium courses related to Data Science with Python. These courses will teach you the knowledge and skills required to become a successful Data Scientist. Our customer service team will help you and keep in contact with you every step of the way. So you won't have to worry about a thing! Step 2: Initial One-On-One Counselling Session Once enrolled, you will be paired with a dedicated career mentor. Schedule your first one-on-one session to discuss your career aspirations, skills, experience, and any areas for potential growth. This conversation will shape your learning and development path. Step 3 - Certification upon Course Completion After learning from the courses, you must obtain certificates for each course. There will be exams for every course, and you have to pass them to get your certificate. To pass successfully, you must get 90% marks. Once you pass the exams, you will receive hardcopy certificates. These certificates will prove that you're an expert in the subject. Step 4: CV Revamping Our team of professionals will build you a compelling CV and LinkedIn profile. We'll ensure it presents your skills and qualifications effectively and is tailored to the needs and expectations of the Data Science with Python industry. With these powerful tools in hand, you'll be fully prepared to tackle job interviews confidently. Step 5: Building Network and Submitting CV We understand the power of casting a wide net. We'll strategically submit your CV to various platforms and networks, expanding your reach and connecting you with valuable opportunities that align with your career goals. We will also make connections with many high-profile individuals and companies through your LinkedIn profile. Step 6: Interview Preparation With your CV ready, we'll move on to interview preparation. Gain exclusive access to our database of potential interview questions. Through simulated interviews with your mentor, you'll practice your responses and receive valuable feedback to further refine your skills. Step 7: Securing Job Interviews Leveraging our partnerships with leading companies, we'll secure job interviews for you. We'll ensure you get the opportunity to showcase your skills to potential employers and get the dream job you want. Step 8: Post-Interview Support Post-interview, we'll provide a debriefing session to reflect on your performance and identify areas of improvement for future interviews if necessary. Remember, our commitment extends until you land your dream job. Step 9: Celebrate Your New Job! Once you've secured your dream job in Data Science with Python, it's time to celebrate! However, our support doesn't end there. We'll provide you with ongoing career advice to ensure you continue to thrive in your new role. We're excited to accompany you on this journey to success. Enrol today, and let's get started! Your path to a successful career in Data Science with Python begins with us. CPD 100 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Beginners with an interest in Data Science and Python programming. Programmers and Software Engineers looking to transition into Data Science. Business Analysts and Project Managers aiming to leverage Data Science in their domains. Researchers and Academics who wish to utilise Python for complex data analysis. Requirements No experience required. Just enrol & start learning. Career path Data Scientist: £60,000 - £90,000 Machine Learning Engineer: £65,000 - £100,000 Data Analyst: £40,000 - £60,000 Business Intelligence Analyst: £45,000 - £70,000 Data Engineer: £50,000 - £80,000 Big Data Architect: £70,000 - £120,000 Certificates CPD Accredited e-Certificate Digital certificate - Included CPD Accredited Framed (Hardcopy) Certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Enrolment Letter Digital certificate - Included QLS Endorsed Hard Copy Certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Student ID Card Digital certificate - Included

Risk Management for IT Projects: In-House Training IT projects may have direct bottom-line impact on the organization, cost millions of dollars, cause organizational change and change the way the organization is perceived by clients. Many IT projects are notoriously hard to predict and are filled with risk. IT Risk Management takes a comprehensive look at IT project risk management using PMI's PMBOK® Guide Risk Management Model in the context of IT Project Life Cycle phases. The goal of this course is to arm the practitioner with a rigorous, common-sense approach to addressing uncertainty in projects. This approach includes the ability to influence project outcomes, avoid many potential project risks, and be ready to calmly and efficiently respond to unavoidable challenges. What you will Learn You'll learn how to: Describe the risk management process, using the PMBOK® Guide's standard models and terminology Discuss the potential barriers to managing risk effectively in IT project organizations Develop an effective risk management plan for IT projects Identify project risks using IT-specific, practical tools Analyze individual risk events and overall project risk using IT-specific, practical approaches Plan effective responses to IT-specific risk based on the results of risk analysis and integrate risk responses into project schedules and cost estimates Manage and control risk throughout the IT project life cycle Implement selected elements of IT project risk management on your next project Foundation Concepts Basic concepts and purpose Risk and project constraints Risk and corporate cultures Risk management and IT PLC standards Plan Risk Management for IT Projects Plan Risk management process Plan Risk management activities Design a standard template Assess the project-specific needs Tailor the template Produce a project-specific risk management plan Gain consensus and submit as part of overall project plan A risk management plan of IT projects Identify Risks for IT Projects Identify risk process overview Risk categories and examples Risk identification tools Risk events by project life-cycle phases Perform Risk Analysis for IT Projects Perform qualitative risk analysis overview Core qualitative tools for IT projects Auxiliary qualitative tools for cost and schedule estimates When to use quantitative analysis for IT projects Plan Risk Response for IT Projects Plan risk response overview Active risk response strategies for IT projects (Threat and Opportunity) Acceptance and contingency reserves Contingency planning for IT projects Plan risk responses for IT projects Implement Risk Response for IT Projects Implement Risk Responses Executing Risk Response Plans Techniques and Tools Used Continuous Risk Management Monitor Risks for IT Projects Monitor risks overview Monitor risks tips for IT projects Technical performance measurement systems Risk management implementation for IT projects

Definitive VPNs training course description A hands on course covering VPNs from the basics of benefits and Internet vs. Intranet VPNs through to detailed analysis of the technologies involved in VPNs. All the major VPN protocols are covered including PPPoE, L2TP, SSL, IPsec and dynamic VPNs. MPLS L3 VPNs are also covered. What will you learn Describe what a VPN is and explain the difference between different VPN types. Recognise the design and implementation issues involved in implementing a VPN. Explain how the various technologies involved in a VPN work. Describe and implement: L2TP, IPsec, SSL, MPLS L3 VPNs. Evaluate VPN technologies. Definitive VPNs training course details Who will benefit: Network personnel. Prerequisites: IP Security foundation for engineers. Duration 3 days Definitive VPNs training course contents VPN overview What is a VPN? What is an IP VPN? VPNs vs. Private Data Networks, Internet VPNs, Intranet VPNs, Remote access VPNs, Site to site VPNs, VPN benefits and disadvantages. VPN Tunnelling VPN components, VPN tunnels, tunnel sources, tunnel end points, hardware based VPNs, Firewall based VPNs, software based VPNs, tunnelling topologies, tunnelling protocols, which tunnelling protocol should you use? requirements of tunnels. VPN security components Critical VPN security requirements, Encryption and authentication, Diffie Hellman, DES, 3DES, RSA, PKI, Ca server types, pre shared keys versus certificates, Enrolling with a CA, RADIUS in VPNs. PPP Encapsulation, operation, authentication. Hands on Setting up PPPoE and analysing PPP packets. PPTP Overview, Components, How it works, control and data connections, GRE. Hands on Building a PPTP VPN. L2TP Overview, components, how it works, security, packet authentication, L2TP/IPSec, L2TP/PPP, Layer 2 versus layer 3 tunnelling. Hands on Implementing a L2TP tunnel. IPSec AH, HMAC, ESP, transport and tunnel modes, Security Association, use of encryption and authentication algorithms, manual vs automated key exchange, NAT and other issues. Hands on Implementing an IPSec VPN. Intranet VPNs Headers, architecture, label switching, LDP, MPLS VPNs. VPN products and services PE and CPE, management, various VPN products. VPN issues and architectures VPN architectures: terminate VPN before/on/ after/in parallel with firewall, resilience issues, VRRP, performance issues, QoS and VPNs. documentation.