Developing People and Shaping Culture With People Operations (HR) Organizational agility is critical for corporate survival in today's dynamic global economy. Cultural evolution to the adoption of Agile values, principles, and mindset is essential to long-term success and survival.HR (and an HR function) is best equipped to support cultural evolution to Agility and continued long-term sustainability. Unfortunately, HR is not usually considered early on in an Agile transformation when they can be one of the biggest impacts and allies to the success of Agile transformations.This session will explore how HR teams can help seed and nurture the Agile mindset within a transforming organization. We will discuss some of the specific activities HR can and should participate in to support a long-term investment in organizational agility.Let's not forget about HR - one of the best qualified and much needed partners for the journey to agility. Oh, and HR can go Agile too, by the way! This and other IIL Learning in Minutes presentations qualify for PDUs. Some titles, such as Agile-related topics may qualify for other continuing education credits such as SEUs, or CEUs. Each professional development activity yields one PDU for one hour spent engaged in the activity. Some limitations apply and can be found in the Ways to Earn PDUs section that discusses PDU activities and associated policies.
Developing People and Shaping Culture With People Operations (HR) Organizational agility is critical for corporate survival in today's dynamic global economy. Cultural evolution to the adoption of Agile values, principles, and mindset is essential to long-term success and survival.HR (and an HR function) is best equipped to support cultural evolution to Agility and continued long-term sustainability. Unfortunately, HR is not usually considered early on in an Agile transformation when they can be one of the biggest impacts and allies to the success of Agile transformations.This session will explore how HR teams can help seed and nurture the Agile mindset within a transforming organization. We will discuss some of the specific activities HR can and should participate in to support a long-term investment in organizational agility.Let's not forget about HR - one of the best qualified and much needed partners for the journey to agility. Oh, and HR can go Agile too, by the way! This and other IIL Learning in Minutes presentations qualify for PDUs. Some titles, such as Agile-related topics may qualify for other continuing education credits such as SEUs, or CEUs. Each professional development activity yields one PDU for one hour spent engaged in the activity. Some limitations apply and can be found in the Ways to Earn PDUs section that discusses PDU activities and associated policies.
Growing Up Agile: How the Next Generation Is Built for Agility The mix of generations in the workforce is rapidly changing the way organizations are structured and operate. The rise of Millennials and now Gen Z is infusing industries with individuals with higher levels of technical competency, operating in highly sophisticated technology eco-systems, with a drive to remove legacy ways of thinking. Presentation topics include: Mega Trends and Work Force Composition Traits of Generations and Impact to Industries The Next Great Generation and their Background Disruption is not just about products, it's also people This and other IIL Learning in Minutes presentations qualify for PDUs. Some titles, such as Agile-related topics may qualify for other continuing education credits such as SEUs, or CEUs. Each professional development activity yields one PDU for one hour spent engaged in the activity. Some limitations apply and can be found in the Ways to Earn PDUs section that discusses PDU activities and associated policies. Fractions of PDUs may also be reported. The smallest increment of a PDU that can be reported is 0.25. This means that if you spent 15 minutes participating in a qualifying PDU activity, you may report 0.25 PDU. If you spend 30 minutes in a qualifying PDU activity, you may report 0.50 PDU.
Growing Up Agile: How the Next Generation Is Built for Agility The mix of generations in the workforce is rapidly changing the way organizations are structured and operate. The rise of Millennials and now Gen Z is infusing industries with individuals with higher levels of technical competency, operating in highly sophisticated technology eco-systems, with a drive to remove legacy ways of thinking. Presentation topics include: Mega Trends and Work Force Composition Traits of Generations and Impact to Industries The Next Great Generation and their Background Disruption is not just about products, it's also people This and other IIL Learning in Minutes presentations qualify for PDUs. Some titles, such as Agile-related topics may qualify for other continuing education credits such as SEUs, or CEUs. Each professional development activity yields one PDU for one hour spent engaged in the activity. Some limitations apply and can be found in the Ways to Earn PDUs section that discusses PDU activities and associated policies. Fractions of PDUs may also be reported. The smallest increment of a PDU that can be reported is 0.25. This means that if you spent 15 minutes participating in a qualifying PDU activity, you may report 0.25 PDU. If you spend 30 minutes in a qualifying PDU activity, you may report 0.50 PDU.
This Professional Certificate Course in Implementing Agile within the Organization offers a comprehensive understanding of Agile integration. Explore organizational culture impact, strategies for implementation, and creating Agile plans. Learn to train teams, tackle implementation challenges, and measure Agile benefits. Additionally, delve into expanding Agile organization-wide, scaling frameworks, managing dependencies, implementing governance, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, and addressing scaling challenges. After the successful completion of the course, you will be able to learn about the following, Understand the importance of organizational culture and structure in Agile implementation. Identify strategies for introducing Agile methods to an organization, including pilot projects and executive sponsorship. Learn how to create an Agile implementation plan and identify success metrics. Understand how to train and coach team members in Agile practices. Identify common challenges in Agile implementation and strategies for addressing them. Understand how to measure and communicate the benefits of Agile to stakeholders. "Expanding Agile across the Organization'. Understand how to scale Agile beyond individual teams to the entire organization. Identify different scaling frameworks, such as SAFe and LeSS. Learn how to manage dependencies and align work across multiple teams. Understand how to implement Agile governance and manage risks at the organizational level. Learn how to create a culture of continuous improvement and innovation in the organization. Identify common challenges in scaling Agile and strategies for addressing them. This Professional Certificate Course in Implementing Agile within the Organization offers a comprehensive understanding of Agile implementation strategies. Explore the significance of organizational culture and structure, while learning to introduce Agile through pilot projects and executive sponsorship. Develop skills in creating Agile implementation plans, coaching team members, and addressing common challenges. The course delves into expanding Agile across the organization, covering scaling frameworks, dependency management, and organizational-level governance. Gain insights into fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation, measuring Agile benefits, and implementing strategies for scaling challenges. This Professional Certificate Course in Implementing Agile within the Organization provides insights into fostering Agile culture. Learn strategies for introducing Agile, create implementation plans, and measure success metrics. Gain skills in training, coaching, and overcoming common implementation challenges. Explore the expansion of Agile across the organization, covering scaling frameworks, dependency management, governance, risk mitigation, and establishing a culture of continuous improvement. Course Structure and Assessment Guidelines Watch this video to gain further insight. Navigating the MSBM Study Portal Watch this video to gain further insight. Interacting with Lectures/Learning Components Watch this video to gain further insight. Implementing Agile within the Organization Self-paced pre-recorded learning content on this topic. Implementing Agile Within The Organization Put your knowledge to the test with this quiz. Read each question carefully and choose the response that you feel is correct. All MSBM courses are accredited by the relevant partners and awarding bodies. Please refer to MSBM accreditation in about us for more details. There are no strict entry requirements for this course. Work experience will be added advantage to understanding the content of the course. The certificate is designed to enhance the learner's knowledge in the field. This certificate is for everyone eager to know more and get updated on current ideas in their respective field. We recommend this certificate for the following audience. Project Managers Executives Organizational Leaders Agile Coaches Change Management Professionals Team Leads Human Resources Professionals Agile Practitioners Continuous Improvement Specialists Anyone Leading or Influencing Organizational Change Professionals Involved in Agile Transformation Individuals Responsible for Organizational Culture Project Management Office (PMO) Members Average Completion Time 2 Weeks Accreditation 3 CPD Hours Level Advanced Start Time Anytime 100% Online Study online with ease. Unlimited Access 24/7 unlimited access with pre-recorded lectures. Low Fees Our fees are low and easy to pay online.
Success = Value + People + Process With innovation happening more than ever, the new agile project economy requires more and more people across organisations to manage projects successfully, leading to many of us quietly slipping into the role of the unofficial project manager! The problem is very few people receive formal training on how to do it. Stakeholders, scope creep, limited training, and a lack of process all combine to raise the probability of project failure costing organisations time, money, and employee morale Is it any wonder 65% of all projects fail* each year! The good news is—unofficial project managers can build confidence to lead high-value projects and engage teams in a way that inspires them to volunteer their best efforts. Source: *Nieto-Rodriguez, A. (2021). “The Project Economy Has Arrived.” Harvard Business Review; Nov/Dec 21. Outcomes Project Management for the Unofficial Project Manager™ combines best practices from agile and waterfall project management to equip learners with the mindset, skillset, and toolset to engage and inspire team members. Success starts with the core agile principle of value—a project must deliver value to Noble! Once value is established, it is people who make projects successful through a consistent process. Project management isn’t just about managing logistics and hoping the project team is ready to play to win. The skills of “informal authority” are more important than ever before, so team members are inspired to contribute to project success! This course will help learners: Build strong informal authority that inspires project teams to consistently volunteer their best efforts. Utilise a consistent process to start and finish high-value projects on time and with quality. Influence and engage others to define a clear project scope, including clear deliverables and risk strategies. Model openness and agility to apply proactive change management and deliver high-value projects. Project Management Framework The Project Management Framework guides you through five distinct elements in the life of any project. Coupled with the foundational behaviours taught in the programme, this framework can help you deliver highly successful projects again and again. Who Should Attend? This programme is for anyone who finds themselves leading projects at work, regardless of whether or not their job title says, Project Manager! It is NOT a deep dive into project management processes, nor is it a qualification based programme. Whilst it would be helpful to either be involved in or to be leading a project, during the programme, this is clearly not essential. However, it is advisable that the participants have had some experience, whether as a project member or as the person who is leading the project (officially or not)! Project Management Institute (PMI) FranklinCovey is a member of the Project Management Institute (PMI) Authorised Training Partners (ATP) Programme and this course has been designed to satisfy the project management education requirement for PMI Certifications as well as Professional Development Education units (PDUs) needed by PMI credential holders.
Do you want a job that will both challenge and gratify you? Do you want to work in an industry that is growing rapidly and offers many opportunities for advancement? If so, then a facilities management course may be the perfect fit for you. In recent news, Facilities Management has been in the spotlight due to its pivotal role in helping businesses adapt to evolving work environments, especially in the post-pandemic era. Companies increasingly rely on Facilities Managers to ensure safe, efficient, and flexible workplaces that accommodate remote work and shifting office dynamics. This demonstrates the continued relevance and importance of Facilities Management in today's rapidly changing world of work. This course isn't just about theoretical knowledge; it's designed to equip you with practical skills immediately applicable in real-world scenarios. Whether you're looking to advance in your current role or make a fresh start in Facilities Management, this course provides the essential tools and expertise you need. Join us today and open the door to a world of opportunities in Facilities Management. Learning Outcomes: Upon completing the Facilities Management course, learners will: Core Understanding: Gain a thorough grasp of Facilities Management fundamentals. Space Optimization: Master efficient space management techniques. Safety and Sustainability: Learn workplace safety and sustainable practices. Vendor and Contract Expertise: Develop skills in vendor and contract management. Project Management: Acquire project management proficiency tailored for Facilities Management. Career Advancement: Enhance your career prospects and become an industry-ready professional. What will make you stand out? On completion of this Facilities Management online course, you will gain: CPD QS Accredited Proficiency Lifetime access to the whole collection of learning materials. The online test with immediate results You can study and complete the Facilities Management course at your own pace. Study for the Facilities Management course using any internet-connected device, such as a computer, tablet, or mobile device. The field of Facilities Management presents a diverse range of opportunities for aspiring professionals. With the proper knowledge and skills, learners can step into roles such as Facility Manager, overseeing the efficient functioning of buildings and infrastructure. Space Management specialists are in high demand and responsible for optimising workspace layouts to enhance productivity and employee satisfaction. Additionally, those interested in sustainability can explore roles as Sustainability Consultants, helping organisations adopt eco-friendly practices in facility operations. As you progress through the modules, you'll gain a deep understanding of various facets of Facilities Management, from space optimisation to sustainable practices and project management. This knowledge will enhance your job performance and open doors to a wide range of career opportunities. Whether you aspire to climb the corporate ladder, transition to a leadership role, or explore new horizons, this Facilities Management course will empower you to achieve your career goals. Don't miss this chance to elevate your professional journey - enrol today and set yourself on a path to career advancement and success. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Module 01: Introduction to Facilities Management 13:12 1: Introduction to Facility Management Preview 13:12 Module 02: Space Management 10:57 2: Space Management 10:57 Module 03: Managing Workplace Services 17:06 3: Managing Workplace Services 17:06 Module 04: Human Resource and Contract Management 17:06 4: Human Resource and Contract Management 17:06 Module 05: Lease Purchase and Vendor Management 12:43 5: Lease Purchase and Vendor Management 12:43 Module 06: Health and Safety at Work 11:34 6: Health and Safety at Work 11:34 Module 07: Sustainable Facilities Management 08:21 7: Sustainable Facility Management 08:21 Module 08: Maintenance and Repairs 11:37 8: Maintenance and Repairs 11:37 Module 09: Project Management 16:21 9: Project Management 16:21 Module 10: Business Development and Succession Planning 13:16 10: Business Development and Succession Planning 13:16 Assignment - Facilities Management 03:00 11: Assignment On Facilities Management 03:00 PDF Who is this course for? This Facilities Management package is suitable for the following: Facility Managers Aspiring Managers Property Managers Entrepreneurs Project Managers By enrolling in this Facilities Management course, you'll master the fundamental concepts and get a thorough understanding of the subject. Requirements Without any formal requirements, you can delightfully enrol in this Facilities Management course. Career path You may earn anything from £23,000 to £47,000 annually in the UK, depending on your career. The following are examples of standard job titles and roles in the field of facilities management: Facilities Manager Support Services Manager Contracts Manager Estates Manager Asset Manager Facilities Coordinator / Supervisor Plant or Operations Manager Certificates CPD Quality Standard Certificate Digital certificate - £4.99 Hardcopy Certificate (FREE UK Delivery) Hard copy certificate - £9.99 Hardcopy Transcript: £9.99
Dive into the world of sustainable architecture and environmental design with the 'LEED V4 - Diploma in Building Design and Construction at QLS Level 4.' This comprehensive course, meticulously structured over eleven units, offers a deep exploration of green building principles and practices. Starting with an introductory unit that sets the stage for a transformative learning journey, the course progresses through a series of meticulously crafted modules. Each unit, from the integrative process to regional priority considerations, is designed to enhance understanding and skills in creating environmentally responsible and resource-efficient buildings. The curriculum culminates with a completion unit, ensuring learners emerge with a holistic grasp of the subject matter. The diploma not only educates but inspires, focusing on critical areas such as location and transportation, sustainable site development, water efficiency strategies, energy and atmosphere considerations, and the use of sustainable materials and resources. It also delves into the nuances of indoor environmental quality and innovative approaches to building design and construction. This course is an invaluable resource for those aspiring to make a significant impact in the building and construction industry, equipping them with the knowledge to design and construct buildings that align with the advanced standards of LEED V4. Learning Outcomes Acquire comprehensive knowledge of sustainable building practices and principles. Develop expertise in optimizing water usage and energy efficiency in construction. Gain skills in selecting and utilizing sustainable materials and resources. Understand the significance of indoor environmental quality in building design. Master innovative strategies for building design and construction with a focus on regional priorities. Why choose this LEED V4 - Diploma in Building Design and Construction at QLS Level 4 course? Unlimited access to the course for a lifetime. Opportunity to earn a certificate accredited by the CPD Quality Standards after completing this course. Structured lesson planning in line with industry standards. Immerse yourself in innovative and captivating course materials and activities. Assessments are designed to evaluate advanced cognitive abilities and skill proficiency. Flexibility to complete the course at your own pace, on your own schedule. Receive full tutor support throughout the week, from Monday to Friday, to enhance your learning experience. Who is this LEED V4 - Diploma in Building Design and Construction at QLS Level 4 course for? Aspiring architects and designers keen on specializing in sustainable construction. Professionals in the construction industry aiming to enhance their eco-friendly building skills. Environmental consultants seeking to deepen their knowledge of green building practices. Urban planners interested in incorporating sustainable strategies in city designs. Project managers in the construction sector aiming to adopt LEED V4 standards. Career path Sustainable Architect: £30,000 - £50,000 Green Building Consultant: £35,000 - £55,000 Environmental Design Coordinator: £32,000 - £48,000 Urban Sustainability Planner: £28,000 - £45,000 Resource Efficiency Manager: £34,000 - £52,000 Eco-friendly Construction Project Manager: £36,000 - £60,000 Prerequisites This LEED V4 - Diploma in Building Design and Construction at QLS Level 4 does not require you to have any prior qualifications or experience. You can just enrol and start learning. This course was made by professionals and it is compatible with all PC's, Mac's, tablets and smartphones. You will be able to access the course from anywhere at any time as long as you have a good enough internet connection. Certification After studying the course materials, there will be a written assignment test which you can take at the end of the course. After successfully passing the test you will be able to claim the pdf certificate for £4.99 Original Hard Copy certificates need to be ordered at an additional cost of £8. Endorsed Certificate of Achievement from the Quality Licence Scheme Learners will be able to achieve an endorsed certificate after completing the course as proof of their achievement. You can order the endorsed certificate for only £95 to be delivered to your home by post. For international students, there is an additional postage charge of £10. Endorsement The Quality Licence Scheme (QLS) has endorsed this course for its high-quality, non-regulated provision and training programmes. The QLS is a UK-based organisation that sets standards for non-regulated training and learning. This endorsement means that the course has been reviewed and approved by the QLS and meets the highest quality standards. Please Note: Studyhub is a Compliance Central approved resale partner for Quality Licence Scheme Endorsed courses. Course Curriculum Unit 01: Introduction Introduction 00:01:00 Getting Started 00:04:00 Minimum Program Requirements 00:07:00 Rating System Selection 00:07:00 Unit 02: Integrative Process Integrative Process 00:04:00 Integrative Project Planning and Design 00:02:00 Unit 03: Location & Transportation Overview 00:03:00 Neigbourhoud Development 00:03:00 Sensitive Land 00:02:00 Surrounding Density & Diverse Uses 00:07:00 High Priority Site 00:02:00 Access to Quality Transit 00:06:00 Bicycle Facilities 00:06:00 Reduced Parking Footprint 00:04:00 Green Vehicles 00:04:00 Unit 04: Sustainable Sites Overview 00:02:00 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention 00:03:00 Environmental Site Assessment 00:03:00 Restore or Protect Habitat 00:04:00 Open Space 00:03:00 Rainwater Management 00:03:00 Heat Island Reduction 00:04:00 Light Pollution Reduction 00:05:00 Site Master Plan 00:02:00 Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines 00:02:00 Places of Respite 00:03:00 Direct Exterior Access 00:02:00 Joint Use Facilities 00:03:00 Unit 05: Water Efficiency Overview 00:01:00 Prereq Outdoor Water Use 00:03:00 Prereq Indoor Water Use 00:04:00 Prereq Building Water Metering 00:02:00 Credit Outdoor Water Use 00:02:00 Credit Indoor Water Use 00:03:00 Cooling Tower Water use 00:03:00 Building Water Metering Credit 00:02:00 Unit 06: Energy & Atmosphere Overview 00:02:00 Fundamental Commissioning & Verification 00:04:00 Minimum Energy Performance 00:05:00 Prereq Building Level Energy Metering 00:02:00 Fundamental Refrigerant Management 00:02:00 Enhanced Commissioning 00:05:00 Minimum Energy Performance 00:04:00 Advanced Energy Metering 00:02:00 Demand Response 00:03:00 Renewable Energy Production 00:02:00 Enhanced Refrigerant Management 00:03:00 Green Powerand Carbon Offsets 00:02:00 Unit 07: Materials & Resources Overview 00:02:00 Storage and Collection of Recyclables 00:03:00 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning 00:02:00 Preq PBT Source Reduction - Mercury 00:03:00 Building Life Cycle Impact Reduction 00:05:00 BPDO Environmental Product Declaration 00:04:00 BPDO Sourcing of Raw Materials (2020 Update Web) 00:03:00 BPDO Material Ingredients 00:05:00 PBT Source Reduction - Mercury Credit 00:02:00 PBT Source Reduction - Lead Cadmium Copper 00:03:00 Furniture and Medical Furnishings 00:04:00 Design for Flexibilty 00:02:00 Construction and Demolition Waste Management 00:03:00 Unit 08: Indoor Environment Quality Overview 00:01:00 Min Indoor Air Quality Performance 00:06:00 Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control 00:03:00 Minimum Accoustic Performance 00:03:00 Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies 00:02:00 Low Emitting Materials 00:03:00 Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan 00:04:00 Indoor Air Quality Assessment 00:03:00 Thermal Comfort 00:04:00 Interior Lighting 00:06:00 Daylight 00:06:00 Quality Views 00:03:00 Accoustic Performance 00:03:00 Unit 09: Innovation Innovation Credit 00:03:00 Innovation LEED AP 00:01:00 Unit 10: Regional Priority Regional Priority Overview 00:01:00 Regional Priority Credit 00:02:00 Unit 11: Completion Completion 00:01:00 Assignment Assignment - LEED V4 - Diploma in Building Design and Construction at QLS Level 4 02:00:00 Order your QLS Endorsed Certificate Order your QLS Endorsed Certificate 00:00:00
Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for This course is designed for project leaders, scrum masters, coaches, product owners, and team members who intend on taking the PMI-ACP© exam. This course provides participants with a foundation of the PMI-ACP© exam. Participants will be introduced to PMI Agile concepts and practices with banks of sample questions. PMI-ACP© Exam Preperation PMI-ACP© Exam Particulars Overview PMI-ACP© Exam Particulars PMI-ACP© Candidate Requirements PMI-ACP© Candidate Fees PMI-ACP© Exam Application Process Core Agile Concepts Core Agile Concepts Overview Traditional Project Management Methodologies Drawbacks of Waterfall Methodologies Agile Approach Empirical Process Control Agile and Traditional Project Management Choice of Methodologies/Frameworks The Agile Manifesto The Agile Manifesto Overview Manifesto Contributors Manifesto Values Manifesto Principles Common Agile Methodology Elements Common Agile Methodology Elements Overview Project (Product; Release) Initiation Agile Planning Iteration Planning and Executing Project Initiation Project Initiation Overview Determine Project Justifications and Metrics Provide Value-Driven Delivery Write Project Vision Statement Create Project Charter Identify Stakeholders and Leader/Coach Form Project Team Agile Teams and Team Space Agile Teams and Team Space Overview Scrum Master/Coach Product Owner/Customer Team Members/Developers (XP) Trackers and Testers Other Roles Team Space Physical Space Recommendations Agile Planning Agile Planning Overview Develop Epics and Stories Create Stories Non-Customer Facing Stories Personas and Extreme Personas Story Maps Estimating Stories Prioritizing Stories Create Product Backlog Create Product Roadmap Conduct Release Planning Create Parking Lot Iterations/Sprints Iterations/Sprints Overview Velocity Determination Iteration Planning Meeting Iteration Planning Guidelines Development Testing Daily Standup Meetings Progress Tracking Velocity Tracking Interpersonal Aspects of Agile Interpersonal Aspects of Agile Overview Methodologies and Uncertainty Coach/Scrum Master Team Motivation Soft Skills Emotional Intelligence Collaboration Negotiations Active listening Conflict Resolution Speed Leas? Model of Group Conflict Conducting Retrospectives Mindsets of Agile Coaches Leadership Stages Key Coaching Responsibilities Agile Methodologies Agile Methodologies Overview XP and Scrum Terms XP Terms and Concepts XP Primary Practices XP Corollary Practices Scrum Lean Software Development Seven Principles of Lean Seven Types of Muda Responsibilities Core Beliefs of Lean-Agile Software Development Other Principles of Lean-Agile Software Development Value Stream Mapping Lean-Agile Software Development Portfolio Management Additional course details: Nexus Humans PMI Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP) Exam Preparation training program is a workshop that presents an invigorating mix of sessions, lessons, and masterclasses meticulously crafted to propel your learning expedition forward. This immersive bootcamp-style experience boasts interactive lectures, hands-on labs, and collaborative hackathons, all strategically designed to fortify fundamental concepts. Guided by seasoned coaches, each session offers priceless insights and practical skills crucial for honing your expertise. Whether you're stepping into the realm of professional skills or a seasoned professional, this comprehensive course ensures you're equipped with the knowledge and prowess necessary for success. While we feel this is the best course for the PMI Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP) Exam Preparation course and one of our Top 10 we encourage you to read the course outline to make sure it is the right content for you. Additionally, private sessions, closed classes or dedicated events are available both live online and at our training centres in Dublin and London, as well as at your offices anywhere in the UK, Ireland or across EMEA.