Advance Knee Osteoarthritis Physical Therapy Protocol Aims to: Our advanced Knee OA physical therapy Protocol present an evidence-based approach primarily focused on addressing non-operative patients of various ages and abilities affected by PFP and OA. Clinicians will learn a comprehensive approach to treatment including dry needling, soft tissue mobilization, progressive exercises, and return to play criteria based on threshold training principles. Rehab principles and information can be applied to postoperative patient populations as well. Learning Objective: At the end of this course, the participant will be able to: 1) Summarize current research related to patellofemoral pain, OA, and exercise to include relevant research on bracing & taping. 2) Explain how to screen and assess clients to determine asymmetry and compensatory movement patterns. 3) Create an effective rehabilitation program to maximize function. 4) Summarize return-to-play guidelines Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Orthopedics Sport Physiologist Orthopedic Nurses Athletic trainer Occupational Therapist CPD Credit Hours: 2 Hours Resources: Lifetime Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Presenter Brian Schiff, PT, DPT, OCS, CSCS Presenter Bio Brian Schiff, PT, DPT, OCS, CSCS, is a licensed physical therapist, strength coach, author, industry speaker, and business owner. He graduated from The Ohio State University in 1996 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Allied Health Professions (Physical Therapy). He received his Doctorate of Physical Therapy from Northeastern University in 2021. He became a Certified Strength & Conditioning Specialist through the National Strength & Conditioning Association in 1998. Brian has worked in outpatient sports medicine clinics for the past 21 years. He specializes in treating general orthopedics and sports medicine cases, specifically the shoulder, knee, hip, and ankle. From 2002 to 2006, Brian served as the strength & conditioning coach for The Columbus Crew Major League Soccer Team. Brian is currently the supervisor at Raleigh Orthopaedic Performance Center in Raleigh, NC. Raleigh Orthopaedic Performance Center is a 20,000-square-foot multi-disciplinary facility that focuses on sports therapy and sports performance training. He currently focuses on sports rehab and injury prevention and serves as a PT consultant for the Carolina Hurricanes. Brian has produced DVDs on ACL injury prevention, knee arthritis, and knee training for runners. In addition, he has authored books on rotator cuff injuries, the treatment of frozen shoulders, and shoulder injury recovery integrated with golf-specific fitness. Currently. he writes a bi-weekly online column entitled Functionally Fit for PFP Magazine.
Protocol for Pusher Syndrome in Stroke Aims to This intermediate-level course is designed for therapists who are interested in knowledge of updated research to guide best practices for the management of the patient with controversies pushing after stroke. Prevalence, expected outcomes and limitations to progress and discharge planning with this population will be reviewed. In addition, an evidence-based assessment specific to controversies pushing will be introduced and demonstrated. Finally, current literature will be provided on treatment and the instructor will guide participants regarding best practices for optimal outcomes. Learning Objectives At the end of this course, the participant will be able to: Define “contraversive pushing” and discuss the documented pathophysiology behind this phenomenon. Identify updated research on the prevalence of pushing, expected outcomes, and how this affects the management of this population. Explain research available on treatment for controversies pushing. Prevalence, outcomes, and limitations to management Assessment using the Burke Lateropulsion Scale Apply research to demonstrate techniques for effective treatment strategies for contraversive pushing. Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Neuromuscular specialists Nurses Occupational Therapist CPD Credit Hours 2. hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Presenter Speaker Bio: Jaime Gillespie, PT, DPT Jaime graduated from University of Kansas Medical Center in 2010 with a Doctorate in Physical Therapy. Currently, she is practicing as a Research Physical Therapist for the Baylor Scott & White Research Institute with an innovative team focused on advancement of research in neurological rehabilitation and medicine. For 11 years prior, she practiced in inpatient rehabilitation at Baylor Scott & White Institute for Rehabilitation primarily working with patients with stroke. She has taught multiple continuing education courses at BSWIR on the management of the patient post-stroke and acts as a mentor across the continuum. Additionally, Jaime teaches as an adjunct instructor for neurological courses at Texas Women’s University in the Doctorate of Physical Therapy program. She has education in Neuro-IFRAH and advanced certification from Ekso Bionics to treat patients using the robotic exoskeleton. Jaime’s current and past research efforts and publications have emphasis in areas including rehabilitation health literacy, post-stroke and post-SCI rehabilitation. Nationally, Jaime has presented invited presentations, scientific posters, and educational symposiums in various conferences including Combined Sections Meeting and the American Congress of Rehabilitative Medicine. Jaime is passionate about working with the neurological population as well as advancing research to improve outcomes for these patients.
Advance Cardiac Rehabilitation Physiotherapy Protocol Aims To The care of patients with heart failure costs the United States $32 billion annually. The body of evidence supporting exercise therapy for this patient population is growing. This course will provide a broad overview of heart failure pathophysiology including an explanation of the difference between diastolic and systolic heart failure. A primary focus of the course will be to highlight the common findings on a physical therapy examination seen in patients with heart failure. The course will conclude with the application of the literature to prescribing exercise in this patient population that can be applied across the continuum of care. Attendees will learn practical applications of the patient examination and current evidence that can be applied immediately to their clinical setting. The aim of the cardiac rehabilitation physiotherapy as follow; Pathophysiology of heart failure Difference between diastolic and systolic heart failure Cardio Physical Therapy Examination Cardio Physical Therapy intervention Criteria for terminating physiotherapy intervention in cardiac patient Learning Objective Explain the pathophysiology of heart failure. Recognize the difference between diastolic and systolic heart failure. Describe the clinical decision-making involved in the physical therapist examination. Create evidence-based exercise prescriptions for patients with heart failure throughout the stages of the disease. Recognize indications for termination of exercise. Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Occupational Therapist Sports Physiologist Athletic Trainer Nurses CPD Credit Hours 2 Hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Author Presenter: Jackie Mulgrew, PT, DPT, CCS Jackie Mulgrew PT, DPT, CCS is a graduate of Liverpool University, England. Jackie brings 23 years of acute care experience to this course, having worked in major acute care hospitals in England and the USA. Currently employed at Massachusetts General Hospital as a Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Board Certified Clinical Specialist, she specializes in the care of cardiac medical and surgical patients and is responsible for the clinical and professional development of the physical therapy staff. Jackie has facilitated cardiopulmonary tutorial sessions at Simmons College and the Institute for Health Professions in Boston and has lectured for Boston University’s graduate program in physical therapy. For the last 6 years, Jackie has taught acute care physical therapy around the country. Jackie is the author of Circulatory Assist Devices in the Acute Care Handbook and her clinical interests include heart failure, mechanical circulatory support, and exercise testing.
People who are suffering from cerebral palsy face unimaginable difficulties and discomfort. Therefore, the people working directly or indirectly with cerebral palsy patients must have adequate knowledge about the condition. The Cerebral Palsy Awareness course will help you develop a clear understanding of this disorder. From the Cerebral Palsy Awareness course, you will get an in-depth understanding of cerebral palsy. First, the course will introduce you to the causes and symptoms of cerebral palsy. Then you will receive detailed lessons on the treatment process, occupational therapy and physical therapy. Through this valuable course, you will be able to build the expertise required for care planning. In addition, this course will help you identify the difference between a regular child and a child suffering from cerebral palsy. This Cerebral Palsy Awareness course will not only help you enrich your knowledge about this disorder, but also provide you with a certificate. This certificate will assist you in securing a job in the related relevant fields. Learning Objectives Get introduced to the causes and symptoms of cerebral palsy Enrich your understanding of the epidemiology of cerebral palsy Familiarise yourself with the treatment procedure Deepen your understanding of occupational therapy and physical therapy Develop the essential skills and knowledge for care planning Understand the differences between typical child and child with cerebral palsy disorder Who is this Course for? This Cerebral Palsy Awareness course is ideal for aspiring caregivers, therapists or those who wish to gain the relevant skills and knowledge to fast track their careers. It is for those who have little or no knowledge of cerebral palsy or those who are new to the field and want to test their skills and knowledge. There are no entry requirements for this course; however, an eye for detail and a creative mind is essential. CPD Certificate from Course Gate At the successful completion of the Cerebral Palsy Awareness course, you can obtain your CPD certificate from us. You can order the PDF certificate for £4.99 and the hard copy for £9.99. Also, you can order both PDF and hardcopy certificates for £12.99. Career Path On successful completion of the Cerebral Palsy Awareness course, learners can progress to a more advanced program from our course list. Career opportunities in this field include freelancing or working in-house, within a range of professional settings, with the opportunity to earn a high salary. Related professions in this industry include: Child Care Officer Complex Care Worker Physiotherapist Occupational Therapist Course Curriculum Module 01: Understanding Cerebral Palsy Understanding Cerebral Palsy 00:15:00 Module 02: Causes and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy Causes and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy 00:19:00 Module 03: Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy 00:13:00 Module 04: Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy 00:16:00 Module 05: Principles of Treatment Principles of Treatment 00:21:00 Module 06: Principles of Rehabilitation: Occupational and Physical Therapy Principles of Rehabilitation: Occupational and Physical Therapy 00:20:00 Module 07: Care Planning Care Planning 00:16:00 Module 08: Typical Child vs Child with Cerebral Palsy Typical Child vs Child with Cerebral Palsy 00:18:00 Module 09: Child, Family and Therapist Working as a Team Child, Family and Therapist Working as a Team 00:21:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates or Transcripts 00:00:00
Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy Aims to Become pelvic floor specialists in exercise and rehabilitation. Become specialists in post-partum physiotherapy and rehabilitation. The pelvic floor exercise program's aim is to deliver comprehensive learning on the anatomy, and physiology of the pelvic floor and how to design treatment protocols for individual patients according to their needs. Learning Objective Understanding of female pelvic anatomy and the importance of the pelvic floor muscles with bladder and bowel function as well as core stability. The most common conditions treated in female pelvic health rehabilitation will be introduced including urinary incontinence, constipation, pelvic organ prolapse, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain. Objective examination skills will be introduced including the fully modified pelvic examination and external assessment strategies for clinicians of all practice areas. Effective patient interventions and proper progression will be outlined. Following completion of the course, clinicians will be able to competently address the most common pelvic health symptoms women experience. The most common conditions treated in female pelvic health rehabilitation will be introduced including urinary incontinence, constipation, pelvic organ prolapse, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain. This course will complete a detailed review of patient presentation, objective findings, tradition, and novel treatment interventions as well as the prognosis/plan of care. This CPD course for women health is targeted to both treating pelvic health clinicians and those beginning a new area of practice. Treatment strategies for clinicians of all areas of practice will be provided as most women have pelvic health symptoms at some point throughout their life. Methods of instruction include lecture presentations, multimedia, and written material. Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Gynecologist Women Health Specialists Occupational Therapist Nurses CPD Credit Hours 2 Hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Presenter Natalie J. Sebba, PT, DPT, WCS, CLT Presenter Bio: Natalie is a member of the inaugural class of board-certified women’s health specialists, and also holds certifications in pelvic floor physical therapy and lymphedema rehabilitation. Prior to board certification, she earned her Doctor of Physical Therapy at Duke University and completed the APTA-credentialed women’s health physical therapy residency at Duke Medicine. Throughout her career, Natalie has served as program coordinator of women’s health and pelvic floor rehabilitation services at several large medical systems across the country. She currently works with the interdisciplinary medical team of Duke Medicine specializing in pelvic health, women's health, and oncology rehabilitation. Dr. Sebba recently completed her position as Chair on the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties, Women's Health Specialty Council where she advanced the board certification process and examination for new clinical specialists. She also serves as an active clinical mentor with the Duke Medicine Women's Health Residency program teaching her unique skill set to program residents. Dr. Sebba is an annual lecturer to several programs with Duke Medical School including Physical Therapy and regularly presents at the annual APTA CSM conference.
Hip Arthroplasty Physiotherapy Protocol Bundle Aims to Within the past decade, hip arthroscopy has become one of the fastest-growing orthopedic procedures in the United States. Some figures suggest a 150% rise in arthroscopies in adult and pediatric populations. The major etiologies for persistent pain after hip arthroscopy falls into the following five major categories: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) Instability Arthritis Intra-articular pathologies Extra-articular factors Because new surgical procedures are constantly evolving, it is the responsibility of the physical therapist to stay up to date with the most current rehabilitation techniques facilitating a quicker return to work with improved quality of life. This course covers the latest progression criteria for phase-based physical therapy protocols, indications, contraindications, the latest post-op protocols, and clinical practice guidelines from 2020. Candidates are going to be immersed in interactive case studies, pop-up questions, and critical thinking. Learning Objectives At the end of the webinar, the participant will be able to : List 4 indications for hip arthroplasty List 4 complications of early and late hip arthroplasty Develop Physical therapy protocols tailored to individual patients Knowledgeable of phased progression of physical therapy Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Orthopedics Occupational Therapist CPD Credit Hours 2 Hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Presenter DR Rina Pandya Dr Rina Pandya PT DPT Course Instructor Dr. Rina’s physical therapy career spans over 23 years, through the UK, the USA and the Middle East. She has worked in Nationalized Healthcare Services, American health care and self pay services in acute care, in-patient rehab, skilled nursing facility, home healthcare and outpatient clinic. In addition to being a clinician she has developed specialty programs based on evidence-based practice in her role as a project manager. She has also managed the Physical Therapy department in the capacity of Head of Department in a premier private hospital in Oman. Rina is an internationally published webinar presenter; many of her courses are highlighted on Physiopedia/ Physio Plus. Her pocket books are now available on Amazon titled-- Orthopedic Assessments made easy Dr. Pandya graduated from Manipal University, India in 2000 as well as University of Michigan, in 2018 with a Doctor of Physical Therapy. Rina conducts live webinars and is part of the continuing professional development teaching community with courses published in the UK, US, South Africa, Ireland and Australia. Rina is a member of APTA, HCPC-UK and OAP-Oman.
Pediatric Physiotherapy Courses Aims to This 2-hour webinar is lecture-based with case studies and is appropriate for pediatric OTs/OTAs and PTs/PTAs at a beginning/intermediate level. The webinar seeks to help therapists answer the questions of What, Why, How, When, Where, and Who regarding the use of adaptive equipment and assistive technology (AT) for children and young adults. An overview of various types of adaptive equipment and assistive technology will be presented. Therapists will learn how to assess for and develop appropriate client/family goals for use of adaptive equipment. A review of high-tech and low-tech options will be discussed, as well as cost vs. benefit, and how adaptive equipment can enhance therapy goals. Attendees will learn how to write an effective letter of medical necessity and wheelchair evaluation. Case studies and quizzes will help attendees consider risk factors for various deformities related to postural alignment, growth, and function, and discuss possible solutions using adaptive equipment and assistive technology. Learning Objectives At the end of this course, the participant will be able to: Define adaptive equipment and AT, and review various types Discuss the purpose of adaptive equipment and AT Types of Adaptive Equipment and Assistive Technology Why, who, when, where to use the adaptive equipment and AT Specific equipment options, advantages/disadvantages/alternatives Review appropriate use of adaptive equipment and AT relative to age, cognition, family needs, and support Summarize important considerations related to growth, environment, and specific diagnoses Recognize the practical considerations associated with the use of adaptive equipment and AT, including evaluation, funding, documentation of need, and fitting Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Pediatrics Pediatric Nurses Occupational Therapist CPD Credit Hours 2 Hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Presenter Speaker Bio: Mary B. Pengelley, PT, DPT, ATP Mary Pengelley received her BS in PT at Upstate Medical Center in Syracuse NY in 1983 and her pediatric DPT from Rocky Mountain University in 2015. She has been a certified Assistive Technology Practitioner since 2007. Mary has been the PT clinical director and director of continuing education at Progressive Pediatric Therapy in Palm Beach County Florida for the past 5 years. Throughout her career, she has worked with children with a variety of developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, genetic disorders, muscular dystrophies, orthopedic injuries, brachial plexus injury, autism, and torticollis. Mary's previous experiences as a pediatric PT include working as a Peace Corps Volunteer in rural Jamaica, and Blythedale Children’s Hospital in NY. After moving to Palm Beach County FL in 1989, she has held positions at Easter Seals, Paley Limb Lengthening Institute, and the Arc. At the Arc, Mary was instrumental in helping to develop Potentials Charter School, an innovative therapy-intensive school for children who are non-ambulatory and non-verbal. Her experience includes inpatient, outpatient and school based pediatric PT, therapeutic horseback riding, developmental dance, adaptive gymnastics, aquatic therapy, splinting and casting, and adaptive seating and mobility as an assistive technology practitioner. Mary has also worked as an adjunct professor, teaching pediatric classes and labs to DPT students at the University of St. Augustine and Nova Southeastern University, since 2010, and has presented at national continuing education seminars and webinars.
ACJ / SCJ Dislocations and Fractures Rehabilitation Protocol Aims to This webinar focuses on educating participants on the identification, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) and sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injuries. The webinar aims to equip participants with the skills necessary to diagnose these injuries by identifying three signs of each injury. Additionally, participants will learn how to design and implement rehabilitation programs for patients in acute and chronic phases of ACJ and SCJ injuries. The webinar will also cover rehabilitation strategies and protocols for ACJ and SCJ injuries, providing participants with a deeper understanding of various techniques used to treat these injuries. Participants will learn how to apply this knowledge in clinical settings to improve patient outcomes. Learning Objective To enable participants to recognize the three signs of ACJ injuries and diagnose them effectively. To enable participants to design an effective rehabilitation program for patients with ACJ and SCJ injuries in both acute and chronic phases. To discuss rehabilitation strategies and protocols for ACJ and SCJ injuries and enable participants to gain a deeper understanding of them. To provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of the various rehabilitation techniques and approaches that can be used to treat ACJ and SCJ injuries. To enable participants to apply their knowledge of the signs, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of ACJ and SCJ injuries in clinical settings, improving patient outcomes. Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Orthopedics Occupational Therapist Athletics Trainer Sport Physiologist CPD Credit Hours 2 Hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Course Instructor Dr. Rina’s physical therapy career spans over 23 years, through the UK, the USA and the Middle East. She has worked in Nationalized Healthcare Services, American health care and self pay services in acute care, in-patient rehab, skilled nursing facility, home healthcare and outpatient clinic. In addition to being a clinician she has developed specialty programs based on evidence-based practice in her role as a project manager. She has also managed the Physical Therapy department in the capacity of Head of Department in a premier private hospital in Oman. Rina is an internationally published webinar presenter; many of her courses are highlighted on Physiopedia/ Physio Plus. Her pocket books are now available on Amazon titled-- Orthopedic Assessments made easy Dr. Pandya graduated from Manipal University, India in 2000 as well as University of Michigan, in 2018 with a Doctor of Physical Therapy. Rina conducts live webinars and is part of the continuing professional development teaching community with courses published in the UK, US, South Africa, Ireland and Australia. Rina is a member of APTA, HCPC-UK and OAP-Oman.
Physiotherapy in ICU Guidelines Aims to Acute Care and ICU Physical Therapy is a growing area of practice. This course is geared toward both the new/entry-level and advanced practice therapist to integrate the complexity of lines, tubes, and monitoring devices and optimize them to advance treatment options with patients. Learning Objectives At the end of this course, the participant will be able to: 1.Integrate information on invasive lines, tubes, and monitoring devices with patient presentation 2.Consider acute care and ICU safety guidelines for physical and occupational therapy intervention and exercise on the impact of patient care and outcomes 3.Explain physiological responses to exercise in order to safely monitor patients during ”high-intensity” treatment 4.Demonstrate integration and application of acute care competencies: safety, sound clinical decision-making, communication, and discharge planning 5.Discuss treatment approaches to creatively optimize patient physical functioning in the acute and ICU setting Who Should Enroll Physiotherapist Allied Healthcare professionals ICU nurses Course Agenda Introduction- 10 minutes Acute Care and ICU Safety and Feasibility- 15 minutes Lines, Tubes, and Monitors- 15 minutes Early Mobility and Physiological Response to Exercise in Critically Ill Patients- 20 minutes Case Presentation- 25 minutes Creative Treatment Approaches for the Acute/ICU Patient- 25 minutes Conclusion/Questions- 10 minutes Total: 120 minutes CPD Credit Hours 2.0 Hours Resources 1-Month Access to Learning Resources Downloadable Course Material CPD Certificate Presenter Speaker Bio: Katelyn Whitlock, PT, DPT Dr. Katelyn Whitlock is a practicing cardiovascular and pulmonary acute care and ICU physical therapist in Atlanta, GA. She graduated from Emory University’s Doctor of Physical Therapy Program in May of 2018. Following her DPT she completed the Emory Acute Care Residency in 2019. Prior to her DPT, she earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in Exercise Physiology from the University of Virginia. Currently, she is a primary therapist on the Heart Transplant, Lung Transplant, LVAD and ECMO team at EUH, is a course instructor in the DPT program at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Clinical Management and Pharmacology courses, and has ongoing research in the areas of ICU Physical Therapy and COVID-19. She sat for her Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Specialist Exam in February of 2022. Course Instructor About Physiotherapy Online Physiotherapy Online is a physiotherapist-owned educational company with a vision to create an ensemble of international educators to cater to undergraduate, postgraduate physiotherapy students as well as post professionals who are keen to advance or refesh their existing knowledge in varied specialities. As every student has a unique approach to learning, we have therefore created a library of bite sized chapters which may be accessed as an individual module or a course as a whole; self study webinars; live workshops for those who would like to get an in-person hands on immersive experience and audio books for those on the go.
Immerse yourself in the therapeutic benefits of water with our Hydrotherapy Treatment for Common Conditions course. Explore the various types of hydrotherapy and how they can help alleviate common ailments. Learn how to use hydrotherapy to treat specific conditions in the shoulder, lower limb, and even animals. Learning outcomes: Understand the basics of hydrotherapy and its effects on the body Review the anatomy and physiology relevant to hydrotherapy treatment Identify the different types of hydrotherapy and their applications Analyse the effects of hydrotherapy on common conditions Develop treatment plans using hydrotherapy for specific conditions Apply hydrotherapy techniques for animals In this course, you will be introduced to the fascinating world of Hydrotherapy and its applications in treating common conditions. We will explore the various types of hydrotherapy and the physiological mechanisms by which they work. You will gain an in-depth understanding of the anatomy and physiology relevant to hydrotherapy treatment, including the benefits and limitations of hydrotherapy. We will discuss the effects of hydrotherapy on common conditions such as arthritis, sprains, and strains. You will learn how to develop treatment plans using hydrotherapy for specific conditions, such as those affecting the shoulder and lower limb. You will also discover the therapeutic benefits of hydrotherapy for animals. By the end of this course, you will have a thorough understanding of hydrotherapy and its applications in treating common conditions. You will be equipped with the knowledge to develop effective treatment plans using hydrotherapy techniques. Join us on this journey and unlock the healing potential of water! Certification Upon completion of the course, learners can obtain a certificate as proof of their achievement. You can receive a £4.99 PDF Certificate sent via email, a £9.99 Printed Hardcopy Certificate for delivery in the UK, or a £19.99 Printed Hardcopy Certificate for international delivery. Each option depends on individual preferences and locations. CPD 10 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Physiotherapists Occupational therapists Sports therapists Animal therapists Career path Physiotherapist: £24,907 - £45,000 per year Occupational therapist: £24,907 - £45,000 per year Sports therapist: £20,000 - £35,000 per year Animal therapist: £18,000 - £28,000 per year