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Estimation: Estimator Online Estimating costs is a critical component of construction management. A construction project's success is heavily reliant on cost estimation. The construction cost estimation process is a detailed process that necessitates a number of steps in order to determine the true costs of a project. In the construction industry, professional cost estimators are hired to evaluate and analyze project costs. As a result, the demand for cost estimators continues to rise with each passing year. This Estimation: Estimator course is designed for anyone who wants to become a competent and confident Construction Manager. This Estimation: Estimator course is designed by highly skilled professionals to provide you with an effective understanding of the cost estimation process in construction management. Learn how and why accurate construction project estimates are required while studying a breakdown of the estimating procedure and key planning processes. You will also learn the significance of estimating for variations, how project budgets must often be revised, and the risks of inaccurate estimation in this Estimation: Estimator Training course. Special Offers of this Estimation Course This Estimation Course includes a FREE PDF Certificate. Lifetime access to this Estimation Course Instant access to this Estimation Course Get FREE Tutor Support from Monday to Friday in this Estimation Course Other four courses that are included with our Estimation: Estimator Course Course 01: Working at Height Training Course Course 02: RIDDOR Training Course 03: Level 2 Health and Safety in the Workplace Training Course 04: Construction Project Management [Note: Free PDF certificate will be provided as soon as the Estimation: Estimator Course is completed] Estimation: Estimator Detailed Course Curriculum of Estimation: Estimator Module 01: An Overview of Construction Management Module 02: More About Construction Management Module 03: Cost Estimation in Construction Industry Assessment Method of Estimation: Estimator After completing each module of the Estimation: Estimator Course, you will find automated MCQ quizzes. To unlock the next module, you need to complete the quiz task and get at least 60% marks. Certification of Estimation: Estimator After completing the MCQ/Assignment assessment for this Estimation: Estimator course, you will be entitled to a Certificate of Completion from Training Tale. The certificate is in PDF format, which is completely free to download. A printed version is also available upon request. It will also be sent to you through a courier for £13.99. Who is this course for? Estimation: Estimator This Estimation: Estimator course is ideal for: Managers, supervisors and team leaders Small business owners and Entrepreneurs Staff working in Construction industry and wishing to enhance their CVs Requirements Estimation: Estimator Students who intend to enrol in this Estimation: Estimator course must meet the following requirements: Estimation: Good command of the English language Estimation: Must be vivacious and self-driven. Estimation: Basic computer knowledge Estimation: A minimum of 16 years of age is required. Career path Estimation: Estimator Opportunities included with our Estimation: Estimator course: Cost Estimation - Construction Assistant Cost Estimation - Construction Coordinator Cost Estimation - Site Assistant Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included

Course Overview Explore the techniques to keep your project on budget with this Cost Management Certification course. This course educates you on project budgeting methods and strategies. Project Managers are responsible for managing projects with the given budget. The value of a Project manager rises with the number of projects he can deliver within the budget. Through this valuable Cost Management Certification course, you will gain an in-depth understanding of project cost estimation, project budget determination and cost control techniques to keep a project budget under control. The comprehensive program has exceptional components that will enhance your knowledge of direct and indirect costs, cost estimates and basic estimates, and funding estimates. You will learn how to control project costs using earned value management techniques to stay on budget and deliver your project successfully.  Learning Outcomes: Familiarize with project cost estimating tools and techniques Learn how to determine project budget Be able to control project costs Learn about funding formulas Deepen your understanding of Earned Value Management techniques Learn about cost baseline and project budget Who is this course for? Anyone interested in keeping a project budget under control and delivering the maximum number of projects within the given budget can take this Cost Management Certification Course course. Entry Requirement This course is available to all learners, of all academic backgrounds. Learners should be aged 16 or over to undertake the qualification. Good understanding of English language, numeracy and ICT are required to attend this course. Certification After you have successfully completed the course, you will be able to obtain an Accredited Certificate of Achievement. You can however also obtain a Course Completion Certificate following the course completion without sitting for the test. Certificates can be obtained either in hardcopy at the cost of £39 or in PDF format at the cost of £24. PDF certificate's turnaround time is 24 hours, and for the hardcopy certificate, it is 3-9 working days. Why choose us? Affordable, engaging & high-quality e-learning study materials; Tutorial videos/materials from the industry-leading experts; Study in a user-friendly, advanced online learning platform; Efficient exam systems for the assessment and instant result; The UK & internationally recognized accredited qualification; Access to course content on mobile, tablet or desktop from anywhere anytime; The benefit of career advancement opportunities; 24/7 student support via email. Career Path The Cost Management Certification Course provides useful skills to control project budget and would be beneficial for any related profession or industry such as: Project Manager Cost Management Accountant Cost Consultant Unit 01: Introduction Module 01: Introduction 00:01:00 Unit 02: Theoritical Part Module 01: What is Cost Management? 00:03:00 Module 02: Direct and Indirect Costs 00:03:00 Module 03: Analogous Estimating 00:03:00 Module 04: Parametric Estimation 00:04:00 Module 05: Three-Point Estimating 00:02:00 Module 06: Reserve Analysis 00:10:00 Module 07: Cost Estimates and Basis of Estimates 00:03:00 Module 08: Cost Baseline 00:06:00 Module 09: Funding Requirements 00:04:00 Module 10: Earned Value Formulas 00:07:00 Module 11: Project Status 00:06:00 Module 12: Earned Value Example 00:08:00 Module 13: Forecasting Three Scenarios 00:16:00 Module 14: Forecasting Example 00:03:00 Module 15: To-Complete-Performance-Index TCPI 00:06:00 Module 16: Performance Reviews 00:03:00 Module 17: Recap 00:06:00 Unit 03: Project Simulation and Detailed Example Module 01: Direct and Indirect Costs 00:05:00 Module 02: Cost Estimates and Reserve Analysis 00:20:00 Module 03: Cost Baseline and Project Budget 00:03:00 Module 04: Basis of Estimate 00:02:00 Module 05: Funding Requirements 00:07:00 Module 06: Earned Value Calculation 00:15:00 Module 07: Forecasting 00:09:00 Module 08: TCPI 00:05:00 Certificate and Transcript Order Your Certificates and Transcripts 00:00:00

Enrol in this Quality Management program right away to develop the abilities, expertise, and experience you need to advance your career. This training course covers the principles and practices of quality management. It aims to help participants understand how to effectively implement and maintain a quality management system in an organisation for business success. This Quality Management course is made up of a variety of in-depth, simple-to-digest sections that are intended to give you a thorough understanding of Quality Management. Also the modules will cover details about the 4 attributes of Quality management which are quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. Further you will get insights on customer expectation, delegation, six sigma, supply chain management and quality audits. Along with thiscourse, you will get 10 other premium courses. Also, you will get an original Hardcopy and PDF certificate for the title course and a student ID card absolutely free. This Bundle Consists of the following Premium courses: Course 01: Quality Management Course 02: Supply Chain Management Course 03: Performance Management Course 04: People Management Skills Level 3 Course 05: Diploma in Lean Process and Six Sigma Course 06: Time Management Course 07: Commercial Law 2021 Course 08: Retail Operations Training Level 3 Course 09: Purchasing & Procurement Course - Level 3 Course 10: Facilities Management Course 11: Risk Management Level 7 So, enrol now to advance your career! Learning Outcomes: Fundamentals of quality management and how it impacts revenue and cost Master Total Quality Management and learn how to improve quality Understand quality control process and the benefits of it Learn about customer relationship management (CRM), Kano model, customer satisfaction Master Six Sigma project management, supply chain management Learn to get the best out of others through people management Get familiar with commercial laws, purchasing & procurement methods, facilities, and risk management Benefits you'll get from choosing Apex Learning for this Course: Pay once and get lifetime access to 11 CPD courses Free e-Learning App for engaging reading materials & helpful assistance Certificates, student ID for the Quality Management course included in a one-time fee Free up your time - don't waste time and money travelling for classes Accessible, informative modules of Quality Management designed by expert instructors Learn about at your ease - anytime, from anywhere Study from your computer, tablet or mobile device CPD accredited course - improve the chance of gaining professional skills This approximately 3 hours course is packed with comprehensive information on Quality management delivered in 8 bite size modules with full audio voiceover. This bundle also includes 10 additional premium courses which are essential for a career in Quality management. Quality Management Module 01: Introduction to Quality Management - Topics covered are Definition of quality Impact on revenue and cost Evolution of quality Quality management system And much more Module 02: Total Quality Management - Topics covered are Total Quality Management (TQM) Primary elements of TQM Foundation and four side of TQM pyramid And much more Module 03: Quality Measurement and Improvement - Topics covered are Quality cost Measurement of employee cost Benchmarking Quality improvement process And much more Module 04: Quality Control - Topics covered are Quality assurance Quality circles and quality improvement teams Benefits of quality control And much more Module 05: Understanding Customer Expectations and Needs - Topics covered are Kano model Customer classification Customer relationship management program Customer satisfaction measurement And much more Module 06: Six Sigma Six sigma and its benefits Six sigma phases and steps DMAIC stage objectives Certifications and Implementation of Six sigma And much more Module 07: Supply Chain Management Decision making in Supply chain management (SCM) Production, warehousing and inventory management Transportation, supplier communication and performance And much more Module 08: Quality Audits Types of quality audits Audit program Planning and conducting the audit And much more How will I get my Certificate? After successfully completing the course you will be able to order your CPD Accredited Certificates (PDF + Hard Copy) as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (Previously it was £6*11 = £66) Hard Copy Certificate: Free (For The Title Course: Previously it was £10) CPD 110 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? The course is for beginners and intermediate professionals who want to improve their knowledge and gain the skills to develop and implement quality management system and business excellence thinking in their companies. Requirements Our Bundle is fully compatible with PC's, Mac's, Laptop, Tablet and Smartphone devices. This course has been designed to be fully compatible with tablets and smartphones so you can access your course on Wi-Fi, 3G or 4G. There is no time limit for completing this course, it can be studied in your own time at your own pace. Career path This Quality Management course is a certification that is a great value to be added to your CV. With further study you could pursue a career as an: Quality Manager Quality Control Officer Quality Assurance Officer Quality Auditor Quality Engineer Quality Administrator Certificates Certificate of completion Digital certificate - Included Certificate of completion Hard copy certificate - Included You will get the Hard Copy certificate for the title course (Quality Management) absolutely Free! Other Hard Copy certificates are available for £10 each. Please Note: The delivery charge inside the UK is £3.99, and the international students must pay a £9.99 shipping cost.

20 Prime Courses+ 5 Career Planning Courses| CPD Certified Diploma| Free 25 PDF+ Transcript Certificate| Lifetime Access

The Schedule and Cost Management Training Certificate is a wonderful learning opportunity for anyone who has a passion for this topic and is interested in enjoying a long career in the relevant industry. It's also for anyone who is already working in this field and looking to brush up their knowledge and boost their career with a recognised certification. This Schedule and Cost Management Training Certificate consists of several modules that take around 4 hours to complete. The course is accompanied by instructional videos, helpful illustrations, how-to instructions and advice. The course is offered online at a very affordable price. That gives you the ability to study at your own pace in the comfort of your home. You can access the modules from anywhere and from any device. Why choose this course Earn an e-certificate upon successful completion. Accessible, informative modules taught by expert instructors Study in your own time, at your own pace, through your computer tablet or mobile device Benefit from instant feedback through mock exams and multiple-choice assessments Get 24/7 help or advice from our email and live chat teams Full Tutor Support on Weekdays Course Design The course is delivered through our online learning platform, accessible through any internet-connected device. There are no formal deadlines or teaching schedules, meaning you are free to study the course at your own pace. You are taught through a combination of Video lessons Online study materials Mock exams Multiple-choice assessment Certification Upon successful completion of the course, you will be able to obtain your course completion PDF Certificate at £9.99. Print copy by post is also available at an additional cost of £15.99 and the same for PDF and printed transcripts. Course Content Quick PM Review PM Review 00:13:00 PMI-SP 00:11:00 Time Management Time Management 00:20:00 Schedules 00:21:00 Estimating 00:17:00 Critical Path Method Critical Path Method 00:05:00 Critical Path Model 00:10:00 Resource Leveling 00:13:00 Basic Cost Management Basic Cost Management 00:11:00 Estimating 00:09:00 Introduction to Earned Value Introduction to Earned Val ue 00:13:00 Forecasting 00:12:00 Cumulative Cost Curve 00:05:00 Critical Chain Management Possible Paths 00:17:00 The Results 00:18:00 Possible Paths 00:17:00 Other Cost Calculations Other Cost Calculations 00:14:00 Payback Period 00:07:00 Common Depreciation Conventions 00:12:00 Order your Certificates & Transcripts Order your Certificates & Transcripts 00:00:00 Frequently Asked Questions Are there any prerequisites for taking the course? There are no specific prerequisites for this course, nor are there any formal entry requirements. All you need is an internet connection, a good understanding of English and a passion for learning for this course. Can I access the course at any time, or is there a set schedule? You have the flexibility to access the course at any time that suits your schedule. Our courses are self-paced, allowing you to study at your own pace and convenience. How long will I have access to the course? For this course, you will have access to the course materials for 1 year only. This means you can review the content as often as you like within the year, even after you've completed the course. However, if you buy Lifetime Access for the course, you will be able to access the course for a lifetime. Is there a certificate of completion provided after completing the course? Yes, upon successfully completing the course, you will receive a certificate of completion. This certificate can be a valuable addition to your professional portfolio and can be shared on your various social networks. Can I switch courses or get a refund if I'm not satisfied with the course? We want you to have a positive learning experience. If you're not satisfied with the course, you can request a course transfer or refund within 14 days of the initial purchase. How do I track my progress in the course? Our platform provides tracking tools and progress indicators for each course. You can monitor your progress, completed lessons, and assessments through your learner dashboard for the course. What if I have technical issues or difficulties with the course? If you encounter technical issues or content-related difficulties with the course, our support team is available to assist you. You can reach out to them for prompt resolution.

Duco Digital Training's Practitioner course in BCS Requirements Engineering develops your skills in the understanding and application of elicitation, analysis and management of business analysis requirements.

Thinking about learning more about the ethical use of AI? The BCS Foundation Award; Understanding the Role of Ethics in the Responsible Use of AI, explores the responsibility of organisations and society towards ensuring AI is implemented for the good of others. It considers the potential harm AI may pose, and the safeguards that can be implemented to ensure it is used safely, ethically and for the good of society. You will be encouraged to explore the benefits associated with AI and the potential value it can add towards the continued evolution of humankind if managed well You will learn learn about the impact and level of responsibility of AI in business, an understanding of the need to scale up the impact and responsibility of AI to society, understand the potential harm and safeguards and understand the role of humans in an AI world.

24-Hour Knowledge Knockdown! Prices Reduced Like Never Before The UK economy is a complex and ever-changing system. Did you know that in 2023, the UK's service sector makes up around 80% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product)? Understanding economics can help you navigate financial decisions, make informed business choices, and become a more engaged citizen. Are you ready to unlock the secrets of the economy? This comprehensive Economics Bundle equips you with a strong foundation in economic principles and their practical applications. You'll delve into core concepts like supply and demand, market structures, and economic growth. The bundle goes beyond theory, offering courses in Business Analyst skills, Business Finance, Budget Analysis, and Financial Modelling. By the end, you'll be able to analyze financial data, build financial reports, and make sound economic decisions. Our Bundle contains 5 of our premium courses for one discounted price: Course 1: Economics Course 2: Business Analyst Course 3: Accounting and Finance Course 4: Budget Analysis and Financial Report Building Course 5: Financial Modelling Whether you're looking to launch a career in finance or simply want to make informed financial decisions, this bundle empowers you with the knowledge and skills to succeed. Enrol today and take control of your financial future! Learning Outcomes of Economics Bundle Explain fundamental economic concepts like scarcity, opportunity cost, and market equilibrium. Analyze different market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, etc.) and their impact on pricing. Apply financial tools like budgeting, ratio analysis, and financial modeling to real-world scenarios. Interpret financial statements and assess the financial health of a business. Evaluate government policies and their economic consequences. Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills for informed decision-making. Why Choose Us? Get a Free CPD Accredited Certificate upon completion of Economics Get a free student ID card with Economics Training program (£10 postal charge will be applicable for international delivery) The Economics is affordable and simple to understand This course is entirely online, interactive lesson with voiceover audio Get Lifetime access to the Economics course materials The Economics comes with 24/7 tutor support Take a step toward a brighter future! *** Course Curriculum *** Course 1: Economics Module 01: An Introduction to Economics Module 02: The Market System and the Circular Flow Model Module 03: Supply, Demand and Prices Module 04: Prices Module 05: Elasticity Module 06: Market Failures Module 07: Production and Costs Module 08: Market Structure: Perfect Competition vs Monopoly Module 09: Money, Banking and the Financial System Module 10: Measuring GDP and Economic Growth Module 11: Unemployment Module 12: Inflation Module 13: Income Distribution and Poverty Module 14: International Finance Module 15: Fiscal Policy Course 2: Business Analyst Module 01: Introduction To Business Management Module 02: Operations Management Module 03: Introduction To Business Analysis Module 04: Strategic Analysis And Product Scope Module 05: Project Management Module 06: Business Development And Succession Planning Module 07- Business Process Management Module 08: Planning & Forecasting Operations Module 09: Performance Management Module 10: Management Of Cash And Credit Course 3: Accounting and Finance Module 01: Introduction To Accounting And Finance Module 02: The Role Of An Accountant Module 03: Accounting Process And Mechanics Module 04: Introduction To Financial Statements Module 05: Financial Statement Analysis Module 06: Budgeting And Budgetary Control Module 07: Financial Markets Module 08: Financial Risk Management Module 09: Investment Management Module 10: Auditing =========>>>>> And 2 More Courses <<<<<========= How will I get my Certificate? After successfully completing the course, you will be able to order your Certificates as proof of your achievement. PDF Certificate: Free (Previously it was £12.99*5 = £65) CPD Hard Copy Certificate: £29.99 CPD 50 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? Anyone interested in learning more about the topic is advised to take this bundle. This bundle is ideal for: Business Professionals Entrepreneurs Investors Students Requirements You will not need any prior background or expertise to enrol in this bundle. Career path After completing this bundle, you are to start your career or begin the next phase of your career. Business Analyst Financial Analyst Investment Banker Entrepreneur Certificates CPD Accredited Digital Certificate Digital certificate - Included Upon passing the Course, you need to order a Digital Certificate for each of the courses inside this bundle as proof of your new skills that are accredited by CPD QS for Free. CPD Accredited Hard Copy Certificate Hard copy certificate - £29.99 Please note that International students have to pay an additional £10 as a shipment fee.

Managing Change as a Project Manager This course will provide you with a quick overview of the key elements of organizational and people change management. Change happens and as project managers, we are considered the change agents. Project managers need to understand it and manage it as an integral part of their projects. Without appropriate change management, projects may produce the specified product, service, or result within the constraints of cost, schedule, and quality but not the expected business results. The true success of a project is not only measured at the end of the project, but also at the end of its life cycle when the business case can be validated. This course will provide you with a quick overview of some of the key elements of organizational and people change management. What you will Learn In this course, you will learn to: Assess the size and impact of change Understand the phases of change Identify the six risk factors of change Earn the commitment of change sponsor Identify the model for communication for effective change Benefits Understanding change management will provide you with the following benefits: Knowing when and to what degree to include change management in your project The ability to communicate its urgency and need and have sponsors include it in the project budget Finding and assigning competent change management experts on your projects Creating an environment that will be more receptive to the coming change Ensuring impactful communication strategies are in place that address all areas at risk The recognition as the project manager with the reputation of being able to draw deep business results

The Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Level 3 Diploma offers a detailed, thorough approach to mastering car mechanics and vehicle upkeep. This course is ideal for those keen to dive into the automotive industry, whether you're looking to deepen your knowledge or start a new journey. With the increasing demand for qualified professionals in the automotive sector, this qualification equips you with the expertise needed to understand car systems and maintenance techniques. Whether it’s diagnosing faults, performing repairs, or maintaining a vehicle’s performance, the course is structured to provide a strong foundation and equip you with the core knowledge to thrive in the industry. The car repair industry continues to expand, and as vehicles become more advanced, the need for skilled professionals grows. By the end of this course, you’ll have the tools to work on a range of car systems, enhancing your ability to diagnose problems efficiently and carry out necessary repairs. This qualification opens doors to a variety of roles in the automotive sector, whether it’s working in repair garages, car dealerships, or as a self-employed mechanic. Get ready to learn everything you need to succeed in this fast-paced and ever-evolving field. ________________________________________________________________________ Learning Outcomes: Understand safety protocols and maintenance essentials for car mechanics. Demonstrate proficiency in general car maintenance practices. Identify and interpret vehicle warning lights effectively. Master the inspection and maintenance of tyres, wheels, and brakes. Gain comprehensive knowledge of car engine, cooling, fuel, and electrical systems. Acquire restoration skills, from planning to reassembly and test driving. ________________________________________________________________________ Key Features: CPD Certified Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Level 3 Diploma With Complete Career Guide 10 Instant e-certificate and hard copy dispatch by next working day Fully online, interactive course with audio voiceover Developed by qualified professionals in the field Self-paced learning and laptop, tablet, smartphone-friendly 24/7 Learning Assistance Discounts on bulk purchases Course Curriculum: Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Module 01: Introduction to Safety and Maintenance Module 02: General Maintenance for Car Mechanics Module 03: Vehicle Warning Lights Module 04: Tyres and Wheels Module 05: The Engine Module 06: The Cooling System Module 07: The Fuel System Module 08: The Electrical System Module 09: The Drivetrain Module 10: The Braking System Module 11: Car Restoration Plan Module 12: Restoring the Car's Interior Module 13: Restoring the Car's Exterior Module 14: Restoring the Engine Module 15: Reassemble & Test Drive Module 16: Hearing Conservation at Workplace Module 17: Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Module 18: Selection and Conformity of Work Equipment Module 19: Safe Functionality of Work Equipment Module 20: Monitoring and Evaluation of Work Equipment Module 21: Maintenance of Work Equipment ________________________________________________________________________ Complete Career Guide for Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Level 3 Diploma (A to Z) List of career guide courses included in Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Level 3 Diploma With Complete Career Guide: Course 01: Professional CV Writing and Job Searching Course 02: Communication Skills Training Course 03: Career Development Training Course 04: Time Management Course 05: Returning to Work Training Course 06: Level 3 Diploma in Project Management Course 07: Leadership Skills Course 08: Body Language Course 09: Interview and Recruitment Accreditation All of our courses are fully accredited, including this Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course, providing you with up-to-date skills and knowledge and helping you to become more competent and effective in Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance. Certification Once you've successfully completed your Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course, you will immediately be sent a digital certificate. Also, you can have your printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99). Our Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course certification has no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months. CPD 100 CPD hours / points Accredited by CPD Quality Standards Who is this course for? This Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course can be taken by anyone who wants to understand more about the topic. With the aid of this course, you will be able to grasp the fundamental knowledge and ideas. Additionally, this Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course is ideal for: Aspiring Car Mechanics Individuals interested in car restoration Automotive enthusiasts seeking in-depth knowledge Mechanics aiming to enhance their skill set Requirements Learners do not require any prior qualifications to enrol on this Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course. You just need to have an interest in Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course. Career path After completing this Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course you will have a variety of careers to choose from. The following job sectors of Car Mechanic & Car Maintenance Course are: Car Mechanic - £25K to 35K/year. Automotive Technician - £25K to 40K/year. Vehicle Restoration Specialist - £30K to 45K/year. Automotive Engineer - £30K to 50K/year. Garage Manager - £35K to 55K/year. Certificates Digital certificate Digital certificate - Included Once you've successfully completed your course, you will immediately be sent a FREE digital certificate. Hard copy certificate Hard copy certificate - Included Also, you can have your FREE printed certificate delivered by post (shipping cost £3.99 in the UK). For all international addresses outside of the United Kingdom, the delivery fee for a hardcopy certificate will be only £10. Our certifications have no expiry dates, although we do recommend that you renew them every 12 months.