4082 Courses delivered Live Online

3Com switches training course description A hands on course covering the product specifics of 3Com switches. Installation, configuration, maintenance and troubleshooting are all covered in a practical oriented way. What will you learn Install 3Com switches. Use the command line interface and the web based interface to manage 3Com switches. Configure and troubleshoot 3Com switches. Configure and troubleshoot 3Com switches. Perform software upgrades. 3Com switches training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with 3Com switches. Particularly aimed at engineers and technicians supporting 3Com switches. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days 3Com switches training course content Introduction How Ethernet works with hubs, How Ethernet works with switches. Installing 3Com switches. Hands on Building a network with a hub, building a network with a 3Com switch. Basic troubleshooting The 3Com switch range, LEDs, cabling issues, system resets, default settings. Hands on Building a network with multiple 3Com switches. Configuration methods Managed vs. unmanaged switches, Console port access, telnet, web based access, SNMP, saving configurations, NVRAM, switch stacks. Hands on Accessing the switch using the console, IP address configuration, telnet. Console interface Default users, passwords, the menus, menu options, online help, CLI commands. Hands on Setting passwords, displaying the switch configuration. Web based interface Getting started, basic format. Hands on Configuring the switch using the web interface. Port configuration Common port configuration tasks, port aggregation, resilient links. Hands on Configuring ports. STP configuration What is STP? Configuring STP. Hands on Enabling and disabling STP, configuring STP. VLAN configuration What are VLANS? 802.1Q, tagged/untagged, creating VLANS, applying VLANS. Hands on Setting up VLANS, setting up 802.1Q, Inter VLAN traffic. Housekeeping TFTP, software upgrades Hands on Software upgrade. SNMP SNMP configuration, Transcend, other NMS's. Hands on Using SNMP to manage a 3Com switch, putting it all together: troubleshooting.

Ansible training course description The course focusses on the use of ansible for network devices instead of its usual server use case. The course progresses from the basics of ansible and playbooks onto using network specific modules including NAPALM. The use Jinja2 templating with ansible is also studied. Hands on sessions with ansible configuring routers and switches follow all major sections. What will you learn Automate tasks with ansible. Write ansible playbooks. Configure network devices with ansible. Troubleshoot network devices with ansible. Use ansible network modules. Use jinja2 templates with ansible. Ansible training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Prerequisites: TCP/IP Foundation Duration 2 days Ansible training course contents What is ansible? The language, the engine, the framework. Uses of ansible, orchestration. Hands on Installing ansible, enabling SSH on network devices. Ansible architecture How ansible 'normally' works, Agentless, SSH, ansible and Python, modules, how ansible work on network devices, Configuration management, inventories, playbooks, modules, ansible.cfg. Hands on Getting started, running ad hoc commands. Playbooks ansible-playbook, users, YAML, plays, tasks, modules. ansible-vault. Hands on Running playbooks. More playbooks Handlers, variables, environmental variables, playbook variables, inventory variables, variable scope and precedence, accessing variables, facts, ansible vault. Conditionals, wait_for. Hands on Using variables and conditions in playbooks. Inventories /etc/ansible/hosts, inventory variables, static inventories, dynamic inventories. Hands on Inventories and variables. Ansible network modules Built in modules, custom modules, return values. ansible-doc -l. connection: local, Cisco modules, Juniper module, Hands on Using modules for your network devices. Ansible templatings The template module, the assemble module, jinja2 templates, for, if else. Hands on Configuring network devices from templates. Roles and includes Dynamic includes, Handler includes, playbook includes. Roles, role parts: handlers, files, templates, cross platform roles, ansible galaxy. Hands on includes example, building roles. Ansible and NAPALM Installation, napalm-ansible, NAPALM modules: napalm_diff-yang, napalm_get_facts, napalm_install_config, napalm_parse_yang, napalm_ping, napalm_translate_yang, napalm_validate. Hands on Using NAPALM modules in ansible.

Essential IMS training course description The IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) is defined by 3GPP as a new mobile infrastructure. This course studies the discreet elements in the IMS. What will you learn Describe the IMS. Describe the IMS architecture. Explain how charging, security and QoS is handled in the IMS. Explain how the IMS supports service enablers such as Push to talk and Presence. Essential IMS training course details Who will benefit: Telecommunications staff. Prerequisites: Mobile communications overview Duration 2 days Essential IMS training course contents Mobile communications review The role of IP in telecommunications. GSM to IMS. Enhanced multimedia services, Push To, convergence, conferencing, roaming. What is IMS? What it is, why IMS, standard bodies: 3GPP, IETF, OMA, IMS services. MMD comparison. IMS architecture blocks Overview, IMS functions, IMS interfaces, IMS protocols, IMS elements, IMS reference points. Access network, IMS in GSM, CDMA, WiFi & PSTN networks. Core network. Application, Control and Call planes. HSS - User database Identification. The user database, role of HSS, SLF and multiple HSSs. 'Normal' identities, IMPI, IMPU. IMS signalling: SIP What is SIP? SIP URI, contact address, UAs, Proxies, basic SIP call flow, SIP sessions. IMS other protocols Megaco, Diameter, XML, XCAP, COPS, RTP/RTCP, SDP, H.324M, IM and MSRP. Call/Session Control Call Session Control Functions (CSCF). Domains. Home networks, visited networks. CSCF and SIP. P-CSCF, P-CSCF discovery, P-CSCF functions. I-CSCF, DNS and I-CSCF. S-CSCF, S-CSCF functions, ENUM lookups. QoS. Example call flows. IMS services Open service platform, Application Servers, profiles, AS interface with S-CSCF. 'Normal' services (Caller ID, Call waiting, transfer…) Push to talk Over Cellular (PoC), IMS conferencing, Group management, IMS Presence, IMS Messaging. Other possible applications. Media servers. (MRFC, MRFP). Gateways IMS PSTN procedures, BGCF, PSTN interface. SGW, MGCF, MGW Charging Architecture, Offline, online and flow based charging, charging reference points, CCF, DIAMETER, ICID, IOI. IMS security IMS security architecture, identities, AAA, public and private user ID, service filters, Cx interface, RADIUS, Diameter protocol, 3GPP AKA, integrity, privacy, NDS, IPSEC, trust, assertion.

D-Link switches training course description A hands on course covering the product specifics of D-Link switches. Installation, configuration, maintenance and troubleshooting are all covered in a practical oriented way. What will you learn Install D-Link switches. Use the command line interface and the web based interface to manage D-Link switches. Configure and troubleshoot D-Link switches. Perform software upgrades and maintain configurations using TFTP. D-Link switches training course details Who will benefit: Anyone working with D-Link switches. Particularly aimed at engineers and technicians supporting D-Link switches. Prerequisites: None. Duration 2 days D-Link switches training course content Introduction How Ethernet works with hubs, How Ethernet works with switches. Installing D-link switches. Hands on Building a network with a hub, building a network with a D-Link switch. Basic troubleshooting The D-Link switch range, LEDs, cabling issues, factory resets, default settings. Hands on Building a network with multiple D-link switches. Configuration methods Managed vs. unmanaged switches, Console port access, telnet, web based access, SNMP, saving configurations, NVRAM, switch stacks. Hands on Accessing the switch using the CLI, IP address configuration, telnet. Command line interface Users, privileges, the CLI, online help. Hands on Basic commands, user accounts, displaying the switch configuration. Web based interface Getting started, basic format. Hands on Configuring the switch using the web interface. Port configuration Common port configuration tasks, link aggregation. Hands on Configuring ports. STP configuration What is STP? 802.1D vs. 802.1W (RSTP), configuring STP. Hands on Enabling and disabling STP, changing STP versions, configuring STP. VLAN configuration What are VLANS? 802.1Q, tagged/untagged, creating VLANS, applying VLANS. Hands on Setting up VLANS, setting up 802.1Q, Inter VLAN traffic. Housekeeping TFTP, upload download, updating firmware, updating configuration files, BOOTP/DHCP for IP addresses. Hands on Using TFTP to configure a D-Link switch. SNMP Switch configuration, D-View, other NMS's. Hands on Using SNMP to manage a D-link switch putting it all together: troubleshooting.

Essential EVPN training course description Ethernet VPN (E-VPN) and Provider Backbone Bridging E-VPN (PBB-EVPN) are emerging technologies providing Ethernet services over MPLS. This course studies the technologies in E-VPN/PBB-EVPN providing multi-homing, multi pathing, auto discovery, multicast, forwarding and fast convergence. What will you learn Differentiate between E-VPN and PBB-EVPN. Explain how E-VPN operates. Explain how PBB-EVPN operates. Explain how E-VPN provides: Multi homing Multi pathing Auto discovery. Essential EVPN training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Staff working for carriers. Prerequisites: Definitive Ethernet switching for engineers Concise MPLS for engineers Duration 2 days Essential EVPN training course contents Introduction to EVPN Network virtualization What Is network virtualization? types of virtual networks, network tunnelling, the consequences of tunnelling, packet load balancing, network interface card behaviour. maximum transmission unit, lack of visibility, VXLAN, protocols to implement the control plane, support for network virtualization technologies, merchant silicon Software, standards. The building blocks of Ethernet VPN A brief history of EVPN, architecture and protocols for traditional EVPN deployment, EVPN in the data center BGP constructs for Virtual networks, address family indicator/subsequent address family indicator, route distinguisher, route target, RD, RT, and BGP processing, route types, modifications to support EVPN over eBGP, keeping the NEXT HOP unmodified, retaining route targets, FRR support for EVPN, automatic propagation of NEXT HOP, RT/RD derivation, what Is not supported in FRR. Bridging with Ethernet VPN An overview of traditional bridging, overview of bridging with EVPN, what Ifs, why does NVE L3 get an advertisement for MACA? handling BUM packets, handling MAC moves, support for dual-attached hosts, the host-switch Interconnect, VXLAN model for dual-attached hosts, switch peering solutions, handling Link failures, duplicate multi-destination frames, ARP/ND suppression. Routing with Ethernet VPN The case for routing in EVPN, routing use cases in the data center, routing models, where is the routing performed? centralized routing, distributed routing, how routing works in EVPN, asymmetric routing, symmetric routing, VRFs in EVPN routing, summarized route announcements, BGP support for EVPN routing, comparing asymmetric and symmetric models, vendor support for EVPN routing. Configuring and administering Ethernet VPN The sample topology, configuration cases, configuring the MTU, the end first: complete FRR configurations, the Invariants: configuration for the spines, firewall, and servers, centralized routing, asymmetric distributed routing, symmetric routing, dissecting the configuration, configuring the underlay, configuring the overlay: FRR configuring the overlay: interfaces, examining an EVPN network, show running configuration, show BGP summary, show EVPN VNIs and VTEPs, identify which VTEP advertised a MAC address, comparing FRR and Cisco EVPN configurations, considerations for deploying EVPN in large networks.

Duration 4 Days 24 CPD hours This course is intended for The App Maker builds solutions to simplify, automate, and transform tasks and processes for themselves and their team where they have deep expertise in the solution business domain. They have basic data modeling, user experience design, requirements analysis, and process analysis skills. The App Maker creates and enforces business processes, structures digital collection of information, improves efficiency of repeatable tasks, and automates business processes. The App Maker uses the Maker tools of Power Platform to solve business problems. They may use advanced features of Microsoft apps and third-party productivity tools. The App Maker is aware of the capabilities and limitations of available tools and understands how to apply them. The App Maker is self-directed, and solution focused. They may not have formal IT training but are comfortable using technology to solve business problems with a personal growth mindset. They understand the operational need and have a vision of the desired outcome. They approach problems with phased and iterative strategies. This course will teach you how to build apps with low-code techniques to simplify, automate, and transform business tasks and processes using Microsoft Power Platform. This course contains a 1-day Applied Workshop. This workshop will allow you to practice your App Maker skills by creating an end-to-end solution to solve a problem for a fictitious company. The solution will include a Microsoft Dataverse database, Power Apps canvas app, and Power Automate flows. 1 - Get started with Microsoft Power Platform for app makers Identify components Create apps Get started with Microsoft Dataverse Work with Copilot in Microsoft Power Platform 2 - Create tables in Dataverse Table characteristics Table relationships Dataverse logic and security Dataverse auditing Dual-write vs. virtual tables 3 - Create and manage columns within a table in Dataverse Define columns in Microsoft Dataverse Column types in Microsoft Dataverse Add a column to a table Primary name column Restrictions that apply to columns in a table Create an auto numbering column Create an alternate key 4 - Load/export data and create data views in Dataverse View data in a table Create or edit views of data in a table Dataverse data import options Load data into a table Dataverse data export options Export Add, update, or delete data in a table by using Excel Import data using Power Query 5 - Export data from Dataverse and use Microsoft Excel to edit records Export data to Excel Edit and update data in Excel 6 - Get started with Microsoft Dataverse for Teams Dataverse for Teams vs Dataverse Provision your first Dataverse environment Create your first table to store data 7 - Build your first app with Power Apps and Dataverse for Teams Create your first app with the hero template Customize your app with Power Apps Studio Publish your app Install template apps 8 - Build your first workflow with Power Automate and Dataverse for Teams Types of workflows that Power Automate can build in Dataverse Schedule a flow 9 - Create reports with Power BI and Dataverse for Teams Connect to and transform Dataverse for Teams data from Power BI Create a Power BI report Publish the report Share the data 10 - Get started building with Power BI Use Power BI Building blocks of Power BI Tour and use the Power BI service 11 - Explore what Power BI can do for you What can I do with the Power BI service as a consumer? View content in the Power BI service Collaborate and share in Power BI Find and view dashboards and reports 12 - Create and manage workspaces in Power BI Distribute a report or dashboard Monitor usage and performance Recommend a development life cycle strategy Troubleshoot data by viewing its lineage Configure data protection 13 - Manage semantic models in Power BI Use a Power BI gateway to connect to on-premises data sources Configure a semantic model scheduled refresh Configure incremental refresh settings Manage and promote semantic models Troubleshoot service connectivity Boost performance with query caching (Premium) 14 - Create dashboards in Power BI Configure data alerts Explore data by asking questions Review Quick insights Add a dashboard theme Pin a live report page to a dashboard Configure a real-time dashboard Set mobile view 15 - Implement row-level security Configure row-level security with the static method Configure row-level security with the dynamic method 16 - Create dashboards in Power BI Configure data alerts Explore data by asking questions Review Quick insights Add a dashboard theme Pin a live report page to a dashboard Configure a real-time dashboard Set mobile view 17 - Secure, publish, and share data in Power BI Share and use reports in Power BI Row-level security Publish a report to a Power BI workspace Share reports and user experience Protect data in Power BI Data refresh and alerts 18 - Embed Power BI content Embed Power BI reports Embed other Power BI content types Optimize the embedding experience 19 - How to build your first model-driven app with Dataverse Model-driven apps, powered by Microsoft Dataverse Explore sample apps 20 - Get started with model-driven apps in Power Apps Introducing model-driven apps Components of model-driven apps Design model-driven apps Incorporate business process flows 21 - Configure forms, charts, and dashboards in model-driven apps Forms overview Form elements Configure multiple forms Use specialized form components Configure views overview Configure grids Create and edit views Configure charts overview Dashboards overview Use interactive streams and tiles 22 - Manage Dynamics 365 model-driven app settings and security Configure role-based security Manage teams and business units Explore settings and customizations 23 - Use specialized components in a model-driven form Create business process flows Embed a canvas app in a model-driven form Add a timeline in a model-driven form Create a report in a model-driven form 24 - Get started with Power Apps canvas apps Start Power Apps Power Apps data sources Use Power Apps with Power Automate and Power BI Designing a Power Apps app 25 - Customize a canvas app in Power Apps Improve your app by making basic customizations Explore controls and screens in canvas apps 26 - How to build the User Interface in a canvas app in Power Apps Use themes to quickly change the appearance of your app Brand a control Icons Images Personalization Build for phones or tablets 27 - Navigation in a canvas app in Power Apps Understanding navigation The Navigate and Back functions More ways to use the Navigate function 28 - Manage apps in Power Apps Power Apps review 29 - Build a mobile-optimized app from Power Apps Learn about mobile-optimized apps Identify components to make a canvas app mobile-optimized Create a mobile-optimized app that uses responsive designs Identify performance considerations for a mobile-optimized canvas app 30 - Use and understand Controls in a canvas app in Power Apps Core properties of controls Entering and displaying data with text controls Additional controls for enhancing your app's usability Media Modern controls Work with component libraries 31 - Create formulas to change properties in a Power Apps canvas app Formulas overview Use a formula to modify the format of controls Use formulas to perform calculations Use a control to modify the property of other controls Conditional formatting Functions for validating data 32 - Use imperative development techniques for canvas apps in Power Apps Imperative versus declarative development The three types of variables in Power Apps Global variables Contextual variables Collections Additional variable concepts 33 - Manage apps in Power Apps Power Apps review 34 - Create formulas to change properties in a Power Apps canvas app Formulas overview Use a formula to modify the format of controls Use formulas to perform calculations Use a control to modify the property of other controls Conditional formatting Functions for validating data 35 - Create formulas to change behaviors in a Power Apps canvas app Formulas and functionality Understanding true and false Understanding control behaviors and actions Performing multiple actions in a formula Control the display mode through a formula Use controls and functions to create a dynamic formula 36 - Author a basic formula that uses tables and records in a Power Apps canvas app Records and tables Using the Table function Store a table Filter your table Use the lookup function to return a record Additional table functions 37 - Build a canvas app for a real estate solution with Copilot in Power Apps 38 - Get started with Power Automate Introducing Power Automate Create your first flow Troubleshoot flows 39 - Build approval flows with Power Automate Provide solutions to real-world scenarios. 40 - Build flows to manage user information 41 - Power Automate's deep integration across multiple data sources 42 - Use the Admin center to manage environments and data policies in Power Automate Administer flows Export and import flows Learn how to distribute button flows 43 - Use AI Builder in Power Automate AI Builder in Power Automate saves time Advanced usage of AI Builder in Power Automate 44 - Optimize your business process with process advisor Get familiar with process advisor Create your first recording Edit recordings and group actions Analyze recordings and interpret results Automation recommendations 45 - Optimize your business process with process advisor Get familiar with process advisor Create your first recording Edit recordings and group actions Analyze recordings and interpret results Automation recommendations 46 - Build flows for a real estate solution using Copilot in Power Automate When to use Copilot in Power Automate 47 - Use Dataverse triggers and actions in Power Automate Dataverse triggers Query data Create, update, delete, and relate actions 48 - Create tables in Dataverse Table characteristics Table relationships Dataverse logic and security Dataverse auditing Dual-write vs. virtual tables 49 - Create and manage columns within a table in Dataverse Define columns in Microsoft Dataverse Column types in Microsoft Dataverse Add a column to a table Primary name column Restrictions that apply to columns in a table Create an auto numbering column Create an alternate key 50 - Get started with Power Apps canvas apps Start Power Apps Power Apps data sources Use Power Apps with Power Automate and Power BI Designing a Power Apps app 51 - How to build the User Interface in a canvas app in Power Apps Use themes to quickly change the appearance of your app Brand a control Icons Images Personalization Build for phones or tablets 52 - Get started with Power Automate Introducing Power Automate Create your first flow Troubleshoot flows 53 - Challenge Project - Build a booking requests app with Power Apps and Power Automate Prepare

Hardening Cisco devices training course description A hands on course focusing on how to lock down Cisco IOS routers and switches. What will you learn Harden Cisco devices. Hardening Cisco devices training course details Who will benefit: Technical network staff. Technical security staff. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers. Duration 5 days Hardening Cisco devices training course content Introduction Router security, Switch security, Cisco IOS, IOS versions, Cisco advisories, the management plane, control plane, data plane. Hands on Checking IOS versions and advisories. Access control Infrastructure ACLs, Transit ACLs. Hands on Restricting access to the device, Filtering data traffic. Management plane: Securing operations Passwords, privilege levels, AAA, TACACS+, RADIUS. Hands on Password management. Management plane: Other general hardening Logging best practices, secure protocols, encrypting management sessions, configuration management. Hands on Hardening the management plane. Control plane Disabling reception and transmission of certain messages, Limiting CPU impact of control plane traffic, securing routing protocols. Hands on Hardening the control plane. Data plane Transit ACLs, disabling unused services, disabling unnecessary protocols, anti spoofing, limiting CPU impact of data plane traffic, identifying and tracing traffic, Netflow, VLANs, port security. Hands on hardening the data plane.

Mikrotik routers training course description A fast paced practical hands on introduction to Mikrotik routers concentrating on basic product knowledge needed for the real world. Starts with the basics of accessing the routers through configuring static routes, RIP and OSPF, ending with firewalls. Hands on sessions follow all the major chapters. What will you learn Use Winbox. Use the Mikrotik command line. Perform basic troubleshooting. Configure Interfaces, RIP and OSPF. Perform housekeeping tasks such as: - save and load configurations - upgrade the OS - recover lost passwords Mikrotik routers training course details Who will benefit: Anyone who will be working with Mikrotik routers. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Duration 2 days Mikrotik routers training course content Mikrotik routers RouterOS, RouterBoard. System resources. Getting started Accessing the router, Winbox, Webfig, Quickset. telnet. The command line interface Contexts, online help, basic troubleshooting. Configuring Interfaces Basics, Enabling interfaces. Ethernet, loopback interfaces. Adding IP addresses. Static routes Why use static routes? Configuring static routes, default routes. Configuring RIP How RIP works, configuration, troubleshooting. OSPF Configuration and troubleshooting. Housekeeping Configuration management, offline editing and FTP usage. RouterOS upgrades. Packages. Bypassing passwords. Other functions DHCP server. Firewall Connections, chains, actions, filters.

Sockets programming training course description A hands on course for programmers using Sockets. It is important to recognise that the course assumes that delegates are already familiar with TCP/IP and Python. Practical exercises follow all the major theory sessions. What will you learn Read Python programs which use Sockets. Write Python programs which use Sockets. Debug Python programs which use Sockets. Sockets programming training course details Who will benefit: Programmers working with network applications. Prerequisites: TCP/IP foundation for engineers Python for network engineers Duration 2 days Sockets programming training course contents What is a socket? Review of IP, ICMP, UDP vs TCP, IP addresses, protocol numbers, ports. API's, UNIX I/O, sockets. SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM. Hands on Compile and run code. The systems calls Clients and servers, structs, socket(), bind(), connect(), listen(), accept(), send(), recv(), sendto (), recvfrom(), close(), shutdown(), getpeername(), gethostname(). Hands on Walk through of example client and server code. First code TCP connections, passive opens, active opens. Hands on Write a simple 'hello world' server and client. Application protocols User character stream, ASCII turn taking, binary protocols. Hands on Raw SMTP, Writing a mail client. Clients Concurrency, polling, threads, event driven programming. Hands on Conferencing application. Servers Concurrency, stateful, stateless. Forks and execs. inetd. Hands on Running servers with and without inetd, chroot jails, conferencing server modifications. Advanced techniques Blocking, select(), partial send(s). Raw sockets, example sockets using Java, Perl and PHP. Hands on A broadcast application.

Carrier Ethernet training course description Ethernet is now the interface of choice for nearly all networking. This comprehensive course looks at the ways carriers can provide this Ethernet interface for their WANs and MANs. The course assumes delegates already have a solid foundation in Ethernet switching and so concentrates on just the Ethernet technologies for Carrier Ethernet. What will you learn Describe the main Carrier Ethernet services. Evaluate transports for Carrier Ethernet. Explain how Ethernet can work over MPLS and SDH. Explain the Ethernet technologies used to enable Carrier Ethernet. Carrier Ethernet training course details Who will benefit: Network engineers. Staff working for carriers. Prerequisites: Definitive Ethernet switching for engineers. Duration 2 days Carrier Ethernet training course contents Introduction What is Ethernet? LANs, MANs, WANs, Ethernet and switches in the LAN. Traditional LAN/WAN integration, routers. The Ethernet interface for the WAN. Standards: IEEE, MEF, OIF, Ethernet Alliance. Carrier Ethernet Services E-line: EPL, EVPL. E-LAN: EP-LAN, EVP-LAN. E-Tree: EP-Tree, EVP-Tree. Ethernet Services attributes. Applications: Carrier Ethernet for businesses, Mobile backhaul. Multicasting. Service attributes Bandwidth profiles, bandwidth parameters, Class of Service, QoS, MTU, Protection mechanisms: STP, RSTP, MSTP, Link aggregation, G.8031, G.8032. Transporting Carrier Ethernet The main options. 'Pure' Ethernet, Ethernet over SDH, Ethernet over WDM, Ethernet over MPLS. Ethernet switching, addresses and MAC address tables. Carrier Ethernet access technologies. EFM. Ethernet over MPLS What is MPLS, MPLS-TE, MPLS-VPN, L2 VPNs, VPLS, VPWS. MPLS Fast Reroute. CET 'Pure' Ethernet, Provider bridging 802.1d, Provider Backbone Bridges 802.1ah. Traffic engineering 802.1Qay. Carrier Ethernet technologies 802.1ad VLAN stacking, 802.1AX Link aggregation. 802.1Q QoS. OAM Standards, layers, interworking