3967 Courses in Cardiff delivered Live Online

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for Experienced system administrators, system engineers, and system integrators Overview By the end of the course, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Configure and manage a VMware Tools Repository Configure vSphere Replication and recover replicated VMs Manage VM resource usage with resource pools Configure and manage vSphere networking and storage for a large and sophisticated enterprise Configure vCenter High Availability Use host profiles to manage VMware ESXi host compliance Use the vSphere Client to manage certificates Monitor the vCenter, ESXi, and VMs performance in the vSphere client Secure vCenter, ESXi, and VMs in your vSphere environment Use VMware vSphere Trust Authority to secure the infrastructure for encrypted VMs Use Identity Federation to configure the vCenter to use external identity sources This five-day course teaches you advanced skills for configuring and maintaining a highly available and scalable virtual infrastructure. Through a mix of lecture and hands-on labs, you configure and optimize the VMware vSphere 8 features that build a foundation for a truly scalable infrastructure. You also discuss when and where these features have the greatest effect. Attend this course to deepen your understanding of vSphere and learn how its advanced features and controls can benefit your organization. Course Introduction Introductions and course logistics Course objectives Virtual Machine Operations Recognize the role of a VMware Tools Repository Configure a VMware Tools Repository Recognize the backup and restore solution for VMs Identify the components in the vSphere Replication architecture Deploy and configure vSphere Replication Recover replicated VMs vSphere Cluster Operations Create and manage resource pools in a cluster Describe how scalable shares work Describe the function of the vCLS Recognize operations that might disrupt the healthy functioning of vCLS VMs Network Operations Configure and manage vSphere distributed switches Describe how VMware vSphere Network I/O Control enhances performance Explain distributed switch features such as port mirroring and NetFlow Define vSphere Distributed Services Engine Describe the use cases and benefits of vSphere Distributed Services Engine Storage Operations Discuss vSphere support for NVMe and iSER technologies Describe the architecture and requirements of vSAN configuration Describe storage policy-based management Recognize components in the vSphere Virtual Volumes architecture Configure Storage I/O Control vCenter and ESXi Operations Create a vCenter backup schedule Recognize the importance of vCenter High Availability Explain how vCenter High Availability works Use host profiles to manage ESXi configuration compliance Use the vSphere client to manage vSphere certificates vSphere Monitoring Monitor the key factors that can affect a virtual machine's performance Describe the factors that influence vCenter performance Use vCenter tools to monitor resource use Create custom alarms in vCenter Describe the benefits and capabilities of VMware Skyline Recognize uses for Skyline Advisor Pro vSphere Security and Access Control Recognize strategies for securing vSphere components, such as vCenter, ESXi hosts, and virtual machines Describe vSphere support for security standards and protocols Describe identity federation and recognize its use cases Configure identity federation to allow vCenter to use an external identity provider vSphere Trusted Environments and VM Encryption Configure ESXi Host Access and Authentication Describe virtual machine security features Describe the components of a VM encryption architecture Create, manage, and migrate encrypted VMs List VM encryption events and alarms Describe the benefits and use cases of vSphere Trust Authority Configure vSphere Trust Authority

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for This class is intended for the following customer job roles: Cloud architects, administrators, and SysOps personnel Cloud developers and DevOps personnel Overview This course teaches participants the following skills: Plan and implement a well-architected logging and monitoring infrastructure Define Service Level Indicators (SLIs) and Service Level Objectives (SLOs) Create effective monitoring dashboards and alerts Monitor, troubleshoot, and improve Google Cloud infrastructure Analyze and export Google Cloud audit logs Find production code defects, identify bottlenecks, and improve performance Optimize monitoring costs This course teaches you techniques for monitoring, troubleshooting, and improving infrastructure and application performance in Google Cloud. Guided by the principles of Site Reliability Engineering (SRE), and using a combination of presentations, demos, hands-on labs, and real-world case studies, attendees gain experience with full-stack monitoring, real-time log management and analysis, debugging code in production, tracing application performance bottlenecks, and profiling CPU and memory usage. Introduction to Google Cloud Monitoring Tools Understand the purpose and capabilities of Google Cloud operations-focused components: Logging, Monitoring, Error Reporting, and Service Monitoring Understand the purpose and capabilities of Google Cloud application performance management focused components: Debugger, Trace, and Profiler Avoiding Customer Pain Construct a monitoring base on the four golden signals: latency, traffic, errors, and saturation Measure customer pain with SLIs Define critical performance measures Create and use SLOs and SLAs Achieve developer and operation harmony with error budgets Alerting Policies Develop alerting strategies Define alerting policies Add notification channels Identify types of alerts and common uses for each Construct and alert on resource groups Manage alerting policies programmatically Monitoring Critical Systems Choose best practice monitoring project architectures Differentiate Cloud IAM roles for monitoring Use the default dashboards appropriately Build custom dashboards to show resource consumption and application load Define uptime checks to track aliveness and latency Configuring Google Cloud Services for Observability Integrate logging and monitoring agents into Compute Engine VMs and images Enable and utilize Kubernetes Monitoring Extend and clarify Kubernetes monitoring with Prometheus Expose custom metrics through code, and with the help of OpenCensus Advanced Logging and Analysis Identify and choose among resource tagging approaches Define log sinks (inclusion filters) and exclusion filters Create metrics based on logs Define custom metrics Link application errors to Logging using Error Reporting Export logs to BigQuery Monitoring Network Security and Audit Logs Collect and analyze VPC Flow logs and Firewall Rules logs Enable and monitor Packet Mirroring Explain the capabilities of Network Intelligence Center Use Admin Activity audit logs to track changes to the configuration or metadata of resources Use Data Access audit logs to track accesses or changes to user-provided resource data Use System Event audit logs to track GCP administrative actions Managing Incidents Define incident management roles and communication channels Mitigate incident impact Troubleshoot root causes Resolve incidents Document incidents in a post-mortem process Investigating Application Performance Issues Debug production code to correct code defects Trace latency through layers of service interaction to eliminate performance bottlenecks Profile and identify resource-intensive functions in an application Optimizing the Costs of Monitoring Analyze resource utilization cust for monitoring related components within Google Cloud Implement best practices for controlling the cost of monitoring within Google Cloud

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for System administrators System engineers Consultants Overview By the end of the course, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Identify the features and benefits of VMware Aria Operations for Logs Determine which VMware Aria Operations for Logs cluster meets your monitoring requirements Describe the VMware Aria Operations for Logs architecture and use cases Deploy and configure a VMware Aria Operations for Logs cluster Use the Explore Logs page to get a deep understanding of log data Create and manage queries Manage VMware Aria Operations for Logs agents and agent Groups Create custom dashboards Explain how to use the VMware Aria Operations for Logs widgets Extend the capabilities of VMware Aria Operations for Logs by adding content packs and configuring solutions Discuss VMware Aria Operations for Logs (SaaS) This three-day course features hands-on training that focuses on deploying, configuring, and managing VMware Aria Operations? for Logs 8.12. You will learn the UI enhancements, features, architecture, use cases, and benefits of VMware Aria Operations for Logs. This course provides you with the knowledge and skills to use VMware Aria Operations for Logs 8.12 to monitor your environment. Course Introduction Introductions and course logistics Course objectives Introduction to VMware Aria Operations for Logs Describe the VMware Aria cloud management platform Describe the VMware Aria? use cases Describe the key capabilities of VMware Aria Operations for Logs Describe the requirements for a log analytics solution Explain the importance of efficient log management Navigate the VMware Aria Operations for Logs UI Describe the various stages of log processing VMware Aria Operations for Logs Architecture and Deployment Identify the minimum requirements for deploying VMware Aria Operations for Logs Explain how to use the VMware Aria Operations for Logs sizing calculator Describe VMware Aria Operations for Logs compatibility with other VMware products Describe the VMware Aria Operations for Logs architecture Explain how to install the VMware Aria Operations for Logs virtual appliance Analyzing Logs Describe the primary functions of the VMware Aria Operations for Logs UI Describe log events Use Explore Logs for understanding and analyzing the log data VMware Using Dashboards Alerts and Reports Create VMware Aria Operations for Logs custom dashboards Describe how to use the VMware Aria Operations for Logs widgets Configure alerts Explain how to view and manage reports Administering VMware Aria Operations for Logs Describe user access control in VMware Aria Operations for Logs Describe user management Configure VMware Aria Operations for Logs settings Managing Data Sources and Content packs Describe how to integrate VMware Operations for Logs with VMware Aria Operations for Logs Install and manage content packs Manage certificates Install and manage agents for VMware Aria Operations for Logs Describe the VMware Aria Operations for Logs Importer VMware Aria Operations for Logs Integrations Describe how to integrate VMware Operations for Logs with VMware Aria Operations for Logs Discuss the advantages of integrating VMware Operations for Logs with VMware Aria Operations for Logs Discuss the advantages of using the vSAN content pack Explain how to configure the NSX content pack VMware Aria Operations for Logs (SaaS) Explain the VMware Aria Operations for Logs (SaaS) architecture Describe the ingestion options for Aria Operations for Logs (SaaS) Discuss integration with on-premises Aria Operations for Logs

This programme provides an intensive, one-day overview of the key concepts and techniques of project management. The project management methods presented can be applied to a wide range of projects and the course emphasises both the task and the team-related aspects of project management. The aims of the programme are to: Present the key concepts of project management Provide a structured approach for managing projects Demonstrate tools and techniques for planning and controlling project work Enable participants to apply the techniques to their own projects At the end of the programme, participants will: Recognise the benefits of a structured approach to project work Be able to apply a range of practical tools and techniques to improve their personal effectiveness in project work Have a means of determining the status of current projects and know what actions are needed to ensure success 1 Introduction Why this programme has been developed Review of participants' needs and objectives 2 Key concepts The characteristics of projects and project work The four key phases of a project Essential lessons from past projects Key success factors Achieving success through the 'Team-Action Model' Challenges of the multi-project situation 3 Setting project goals Understanding 'customer' requirements Managing project stakeholders and gaining commitment Using questioning skills to define goals and success criteria Defining and documenting the scope of the project 4 Project planning Defining what has to be done Creating a work breakdown Agreeing roles and responsibilities for the work Developing a programme using networks and bar charts Estimating timescales, costs and resource requirements Planning exercise: participants develop a project plan Identifying and managing project risks Using project planning software Managing and updating the plan 5 Project implementation and control Creating a pro-active monitoring and control process Techniques for monitoring progress Using latest estimates Managing project meetings Resolving problems effectively Managing multiple projects Personal time management 6 Course review and action planning Identify actions Sponsor-led review and discussion of proposals Conclusion

Duration 3 Days 18 CPD hours This course is intended for Programmers Application DevelopersSystem Architects Network ArchitectsNetwork Security Architects IT Professionals w/programming experience Overview Those who attend the Ethereum Development course and pass the exam certification will have a demonstrated knowledge of:An excellent overall understanding of the Ethereum architecture and Solidity language.All functional components (including smart contracts) required to develop an Ethereum Blockchain.The understanding of how to instantiate an Ethereum application on the network.An in-depth understanding of how transactions are created and implemented on an Ethereum network. This 3 day instructor-led course is designed for programmers and developers who want to take a comprehensive deep dive in writing smart contracts and building applications that interact with them. This course provides detailed overviews of Ethereum, smart contracts, and the development language, Solidity. The student will be exposed to Ethereum?s adaptable feature set which allows the developer to design decentralized applications for countless applications. Students will also participate in hands-on programming lab sessions to learn, develop, and advance their skills in Ethereum development. The Ethereum Development Training Course is designed for those seeking an in-depth understanding and development experience of the Ethereum Blockchain platform. Students will participate in approximately 50% programming lab time providing practical experience, enhancing their knowledge and existing skill set. What is Blockchain and Smart Contracts? What is Blockchain and how does it work? Bitcoin vs Ethereum Smart Contract How you can use Smart Contracts? Advantages of Smart Contracts Solidity LAB TASK Types of Variables in Solidity Public and Private Code Public Variables and Functions Private Variables and Functions Internal Functions External Functions Smart Contract Constructors Constant Variables Setting Variables LAB CHALLENGE Smart Contracts With WEB3.JS LAB Installing & Running the Ethereum TestRPC Installing Web3.js Changing the Environment in Remix Creating the UI Using Web3.js to Connect & Interact with the Smart Contract SOLUTION LAB CHALLENGE Smart Contract Events With WEB3.JS AIM LAB The Current Contract Defining the Smart Contract Event Updating the UI LAB CHALLENGE Functions, Mappings and Structs THEORY Functions Mappings Structs LAB The Smart Contract Creating a Modifier Using the Modifier Web3 UI?s Modifier Handling LAB Creating a Struct Creating the Mapping Map Addition Get from the Mapping The Full Contract Count from Map LAB CHALLENGE Inheritance and Deployment THEORY Object-oriented programming Inheritance LAB Current Contract Creating a Base Contract Changing from Strings to bytes Continuing the Project Installing MetaMask Deploy Contract to the Ropsten Test Network LAB Update the HTML Form Update the JavaScript Using the App LAB CHALLENGE Embark Framework and It's Deployment Blockchain (Ethereum) Decentralized Storage (IPFS) Decentralized Communication Web Technologies LAB Installing Embark Framework Hello World with Embark Framework First Contract Deployment with Embark Framework Solidity Smart Contracts Testing THEORY What is Software Testing? LAB LAB CHALLENGE Contracts Management With Factories THEORY Factory LAB LAB CHALLENGE IPFS Files Hosting THEORY IPFS FILES HOSTING LAB 1. Get your hosting server 2. Install IPFS on the Server LAB CHALLENGE End to End Development of DAPP AIM LAB Setup the Project Program the Smart Contract Create the Front-end of the application Deploy the App with IPFS LAB CHALLENGE

DOG BEHAVIOUR At Cheshire Dog Services, emphasis is placed on modification of the dog’s behaviour through non-coercive and non-aversive methods. While basic training is a component of any behaviour modification program, it is likely you require assistance in devising a course of action that will help you and your dog successfully overcome any problems that arise during your dogs’ lifetime. Plenty of the problem behaviours that dogs’ develop can be a result of an owner’s misunderstanding of their dogs’ behaviour and can make matters worse when responding in an inappropriate way. Harsh methods can deteriorate your relationship with your dog and build distrust on both sides so using aggression to cure aggression does not work. Many nuisance behaviours or aggression problems are often very normal dog behaviours, therefore using harsh or aversive tactics to remove these undesirable actions are unwarranted and only delay in “fixing” the problem in the first place. Helping you understand dog psychology can give you the foundation to a happier life together! Glyn has a diploma (merit pass) in Advanced Canine Behaviour from the esteemed British College of Canine Studies. Are you experiencing problems with your dog such as: Jumping up Object guarding or stealing Aggression to other dogs, children & strangers Over guarding of you or your house Fear / nervousness / anxiety Excessive barking Getting into the car Barking at people or cars Behaviour Modification takes into account: Ensuring the Health & physical wellbeing of your dog. (physical health – diet, rest, exercise, medical illness ) & emotional wellbeing. Setting the dog up for Success – Avoiding putting the dog in a situation where he/she is likely to fail. Desensitisation & Counter Conditioning – presenting less threatening versions of the triggering stimulus & pairing it with things the dog enjoys. Positive Reinforcement / Differential reinforcement of Alternative Behaviour – teaching other skills the dog can do instead of the unwanted behaviour. Please contact us with the behaviour problems you are encountering and we’ll review what’s involved to help you. We would normally like to carry out a visit to your home, discuss the issue on full, meet your dog and set out what we need to do to help you. At this stage, we’ll set out costs involved as I’m sure you can understand that some behavioural issues can take longer to resolve than others. We would normally like to carry out at least one follow up visit and will provide you with a written report too. Please contact us for prices (they vary depending on what’s required)

Qualification Number Level 1: 603/5291/7 Qualification Number Level 2: 600/3423/3 Minimum entry age 19 Guided Learning Hours Level 1: 30 Guided Learning Hours Level 2: 115  What does this qualification cover?  Level 1: • Know how to deliver good customer service • Know different communication methods • Know how to provide good customer service in line with organisational procedures • Know how to effectively deal with customer queries, problems and complaints. Level 2: • The principles of customer service • How customer needs and expectations are formed • The principles of responding to customers' problems or complaints • Interpersonal and team working skills • How to meet customer needs and expectations • Communicating effectively with customers • Legislation which supports the customer service process Who is it suitable for?  This qualification is aimed at learners who are new to the customer service sector and wish to improve their knowledge of this area resulting in the achievement of a nationally recognised qualification. The qualification provides learners with the knowledge and understanding in customer service for learners who deal, or intend to deal, with customers on a daily basis as part of their job role and is applicable to a variety of work environments. This qualification is suitable for learners aged 19 and above. What are the entry requirements? There are no specific recommended prior learning requirements for this qualification. How is this qualification structured? Level 1: The qualification is made up of one mandatory unit: • Unit 1 Customer Service Principles Level 2: The qualification is made up of two mandatory units: • Unit 1 Supporting the customer service environment • Unit 2 Delivery of effective customer service How is it assessed? This qualification is assessed via an internally assessed and externally verified portfolio of evidence. Funding for our qualifications This qualification is available fully funded under the Adult Education Budget funding stream and is free to the candidate.

AAT Level 3 is an Advanced or Intermediate level of AAT qualification in accounting. This course gives successful students the skills and knowledge to work competently in finance, accountancy, or bookkeeping role. Moreover, the students also have the opportunity to progress their studies with the AAT Level 4 Diploma in Accounting and acquire full membership of the AAT. Duration You can expect this qualification to take 1-1.5 year to complete for most students. Tutors Tutors are highly qualified with extensive knowledge of accountancy. Study Options Online Live - Live Interactive Online Classes are offered through the State of The Art Virtual Learning Campus. Classes are recorded to catch up later. In-Campus - Study at our London campus for AAT level 3. Daytime, weekend and evening courses for AAT available. AAT Distance Learning- Self-Study at home at your own pace with Study Material and access to Online study Material through Virtual Learning Campus (VLC). AAT Qualification Once you finish AAT qualification and pass all exams successfully, you will be awarded globally recognised AAT Certificate in Accounting from AAT. AAT Level 3 Course Syllabus Advanced Bookkeeping Final Accounts Preparation Indirect Tax Management Accounting: Costing Ethics for Accountants Spreadsheets for Accounting

Duration 5 Days 30 CPD hours This course is intended for Security administrators Security consultants Network administrators System engineers Technical support personnel Cisco integrators and partners Overview After taking this course, you should be able to: Describe key concepts of NGIPS and NGFW technology and the Cisco Firepower Threat Defense system, and identify deployment scenarios Perform initial Cisco Firepower Threat Defense device configuration and setup tasks Describe how to manage traffic and implement Quality of Service (QoS) using Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Describe how to implement NAT by using Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Perform an initial network discovery, using Cisco Firepower to identify hosts, applications, and services Describe the behavior, usage, and implementation procedure for access control policies Describe the concepts and procedures for implementing security intelligence features This course gives you knowledge and skills to use and configure Cisco© Firepower Threat Defense technology, beginning with initial device setup and configuration and including routing, high availability, Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) to Cisco Firepower Threat Defense migration, traffic control, and Network Address Translation (NAT). You will learn how to implement advanced Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) and Next-Generation Intrusion Prevention System (NGIPS) features, including network intelligence, file type detection, network-based malware detection, and deep packet inspection. You will also learn how to configure site-to-site VPN, remote-access VPN, and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) decryption before moving on to detailed analysis, system administration, and troubleshooting. Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Overview Examining Firewall and IPS Technology Firepower Threat Defense Features and Components Examining Firepower Platforms Examining Firepower Threat Defense Licensing Cisco Firepower Implementation Use Cases Cisco Firepower NGFW Device Configuration Firepower Threat Defense Device Registration FXOS and Firepower Device Manager Initial Device Setup Managing NGFW Devices Examining Firepower Management Center Policies Examining Objects Examining System Configuration and Health Monitoring Device Management Examining Firepower High Availability Configuring High Availability Cisco ASA to Firepower Migration Migrating from Cisco ASA to Firepower Threat Defense Cisco Firepower NGFW Traffic Control Firepower Threat Defense Packet Processing Implementing QoS Bypassing Traffic Cisco Firepower NGFW Address Translation NAT Basics Implementing NAT NAT Rule Examples Implementing NAT Cisco Firepower Discovery Examining Network Discovery Configuring Network Discovery Implementing Access Control Policies Examining Access Control Policies Examining Access Control Policy Rules and Default Action Implementing Further Inspection Examining Connection Events Access Control Policy Advanced Settings Access Control Policy Considerations Implementing an Access Control Policy Security Intelligence Examining Security Intelligence Examining Security Intelligence Objects Security Intelligence Deployment and Logging Implementing Security Intelligence File Control and Advanced Malware Protection Examining Malware and File Policy Examining Advanced Malware Protection Next-Generation Intrusion Prevention Systems Examining Intrusion Prevention and Snort Rules Examining Variables and Variable Sets Examining Intrusion Policies Site-to-Site VPN Examining IPsec Site-to-Site VPN Configuration Site-to-Site VPN Troubleshooting Implementing Site-to-Site VPN Remote-Access VPN Examining Remote-Access VPN Examining Public-Key Cryptography and Certificates Examining Certificate Enrollment Remote-Access VPN Configuration Implementing Remote-Access VPN SSL Decryption Examining SSL Decryption Configuring SSL Policies SSL Decryption Best Practices and Monitoring Detailed Analysis Techniques Examining Event Analysis Examining Event Types Examining Contextual Data Examining Analysis Tools Threat Analysis System Administration Managing Updates Examining User Account Management Features Configuring User Accounts System Administration Cisco Firepower Troubleshooting Examining Common Misconfigurations Examining Troubleshooting Commands Firepower Troubleshooting

Businesses that don't control their costs don't stay in business. How well are you doing? Is everyone in your organisation sufficiently aware of costs, managing them effectively and maximising opportunities to reduce them? If there is scope for improvement, this course will help get you back on track. It will demonstrate that cost reduction is so much more than cost control and cost cutting. True cost management is about being aware of costs, seeking to reduce them through good design and efficient operating practices whilst taking continuing action on overspending. This course will develop the participants' skills in: Being aware of costs at all times Seeking cost reduction from the start (including life-cycle costing) Appraising projects / production to identify and take out risk Understanding real budgeting Using techniques such as ZBB and ABC where appropriate Ensuring cost reports lead to action Managing a cost reduction process that delivers Benefits to the organisation will include: Identification of cost reduction and business improvement opportunities Better reporting and ownership of costs Greater awareness and control of everyday costs 1 Introduction - the cost management process The risks of poor cost control Capital and revenue costs The importance of cost awareness The importance of cost reduction Cost management - the key aspects How to build a cost management and control process checklist for your areas of responsibility 2 Cost removal - taking out costs Cost awareness Costs of poor design / poor processes Value engineering Removing redundant costs 3 The need for commercial, technical and financial appraisals Understand the problems before cash is committed and costs incurred Making the effort to identify commercial and technical risk The time value of money - DCF techniques for long term projects Cost models for production processes and projects Costing models - project appraisals The use of spreadsheets to identify sensitivity and risk How to focus on risk management 4 Budgeting - proper budgeting challenges costs The philosophy of the business - are costs an issue? The importance of having the right culture The need for detailed business objectives Budgetary control measures Designing budget reports - for action 5 Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) - the principles Much more than starting with a clean sheet of paper What ZBB can achieve The concept of decision packages - to challenge business methods and costs Only necessary costs should be incurred A review of an operating budget - demonstrating what ZBB challenges and the costs it may lead to being taken out 6 Awareness of overheads and other costs Definitions of cost - direct and indirect Dealing with overheads - what is meant by allocation, absorption or apportionment? The apparent and real problems with overheads Different ways of dealing with overheads Review of overhead allocation methods and accounting and reporting issues 7 Overheads and product costing Activity-based costing (ABC) - the principles Where and how the ABC approach may be helpful Know the 'true' cost of a product or a project Should you be in business? Will you stay in business? Identifying weaknesses in a traditional overhead allocation How ABC will help improve product or service costing Identifying which products and activities should be developed and which abandoned 8 Cost reduction culture The need for cost reports What measures can be used to identify over-spends as early as possible Cost control performance measures and ratios 9 Design of cost control reports Reports should lead to action and deliver Selecting cost control measures which can be acted upon Practice in designing action reports 10 Course summary - developing your own cost action plan Group and individual action plans will be prepared with a view to participants identifying their cost risks areas and the techniques which can be immediately applied to improve costing and reduce costs